绿盲蝽越冬卵的滞育机制及其耐寒性研究
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摘要
本文系统研究了温度和光周期对绿盲蝽卵滞育解除和诱导的影响,并且研究了绿盲蝽卵在越冬过程中的耐寒力变化,分析了其耐寒性与体内生化物质间的关系,初步明确了绿盲蝽卵的滞育机制及其耐寒性与月份之间的关系。主要研究结果如下:
为了探讨温度和光周期对绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür越冬卵滞育解除和发育历期的影响,系统调查了绿盲蝽越冬卵在不同温度和不同光照组合下的孵化率和孵化时间,结果表明:绿盲蝽的越冬卵均为滞育卵,低温和光周期对绿盲蝽越冬卵的滞育解除均有影响。2℃的低温处理能够显著促进其滞育解除,在0~65 d范围内,随着低温处理时间增长,其滞育解除时间缩短,未经低温处理的越冬卵T50为68.5 d,低温处理65 d的T50为12.25 d,绿盲蝽越冬卵在2℃低温处理65 d后完全解除滞育;在0~40 d范围内,低温处理时间越长,绿盲蝽越冬卵的孵化率越高,在25℃、全光照的条件下不经低温处理的孵化率为68.65%,低温处理40 d后在25℃的条件下的孵化率达到99.46%。在20℃~ 26℃的范围内,绿盲蝽越冬卵的滞育后发育历期随着温度的上升而缩短,随着光周期的延长而缩短。结果说明低温处理能够提高绿盲蝽越冬卵滞育解除率,但不是其滞育解除的必要条件,低温处理与自然变温对绿盲蝽滞育解除的作用相似;高温和长光照能够促进绿盲蝽的滞育解除,缩短发育历期。
为了阐明环境因子对绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür卵滞育诱导作用,系统调查了绿盲蝽在不同温度和不同光照组合下所产卵的孵化率和孵化时间,结果表明:绿盲蝽的敏感虫态为1龄若虫。在17℃、20℃和23℃3个不同温度下,光照时间小于14 h能够促进滞育诱导,光照时间大于14 h则有利于个体的发育而抑制滞育产生。短光照对滞育的诱导作用具有累积效应。光照时间在10~14 h范围内,滞育率随着温度的升高而降低;光照时间大于14 h,温度不再对滞育诱导起作用。在17℃、20℃和23℃条件下,绿盲蝽的临界光周期分别为L13h10min:D10h50min、L12h58min:D11h2min、L12h51min:D11h9min,随着温度的升高,临界光照长度缩短。
研究了绿盲蝽卵在越冬过程中的耐寒力变化,分析了其耐寒性与体内生化物质间的关系,结果表明:绿盲蝽越冬卵低温存活力呈现出明显的月份变化,1月和2月的越冬卵耐寒性显著高于其他月份的越冬卵。-20℃处理1、2、3、4和5天的4月份保护卵死亡率明显低于相同处理下的4月份裸露卵的死亡率,保护卵死亡率分别为4.32%、5.36%、5.42%、6.79%和7.63%,裸露卵死亡率分别为46.06%、51.84%、54.59%、63.07%和74.41%。人工滞育卵的耐寒性强于正常发育卵的耐寒性,弱于越冬过程中卵的耐寒性。冷驯化可以显著提高绿盲蝽越冬卵的低温存活力。绿盲蝽越冬卵体内含水量随气温的降低而升高,升高而降低。绿盲蝽越冬卵体内总脂肪含量在整个越冬过程中逐渐降低,蛋白质和糖的含量先降低后升高。
The thesis studied the effects of temperature and photoperiod on diapause termination and diapause induction of the egg of Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür. The thesis also studied the cold tolerance of overwintering egg of A. lucorum and analysed the relation with biochemical substances in the body. Primary diapause mechanism of the egg of Apolygus lucorum and the relation with month was proved. The results are shows:
To understand the effects of temperature and photoperiod on diapause termination and post-diapause development of the overwintering egg of A. lucorum , the hatch rate and hatch time of the overwintering egg of A. lucorum at different temperature and different photoperiod were systematically investigated. The results showed that the overwintering eggs of A. lucorum are all diapause eggs, and their diapause termination could be influenced by low temperature and photoperiod. Low temperature (2℃) affected the diapause termination. The time of diapause termination was shortened with the increment of treatment time of low temperature in the 0 to 65 d treatments, and the T50 values of that without low temperature treatment and the treatment for 65 d by low temperature was 68.5 d and 12.5 d, respectively. The diapause termination of overwintering eggs was completed after 65 d of low temperature treatment. The hatch rate of the overwintering eggs increased with the treatment time of low temperature in the 0 to 40 d treatment. The hatch rate of overwintering eggs without low temperature treatment was 68.65% at 25℃and full light, and 99.46% with low temperature treatment 40 d. The developmental duration of post-diapause reduced with the increasing of temperature and photoperiod in 20℃~26℃. The results suggest that low temperature could increase the diapause termination rate of overwintering eggs but is not the necessary condition for diapause termination. Effects of low temperature and nature temperature to the diapause termination were similar. High temperature and long photoperiod may promote the diapause termination of overwintering eggs and reduce their developmental duration.
To understand the effects of temperature and photoperiod on egg diapause induction of Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür, the hatch rate and hatch time of A. lucorum egg laid by those rearing at different temperature and different photoperiod were systematically investigated. The first instar larvae of A. lucorum is the sensitive stage. Daylength less than 14 h were benefit to diapause induction, and daylength more than 14 h were benefit to growth and diapause inhabitation at three different temperature (17℃,20℃,23℃). Short daylength had a cumulative effect on diapause induction. The diapause rate decreased with the increment of temperature in the daylength from 10h to 14 h, and temperature had no effect on diapause induction in the daylength more than 14 h. The critical photoperiod of A. lucorum was L13h10min:D10h50min、L12h58min:D11h2min and L12h51min:D11h9min at 17℃、20℃and 23℃,respectively. The critical daylength shortened with the increment of temperature. The results showed that A. lucorum was a typical long-day insect. Photoperiod was the main factor of diapause induction. Temperature was the cofactor of diapause induction, and low temperature at autumn was benefit to the diapause induction.
In this study, cold tolerance of overwintering egg were investigated and the relation with biochemical substances in the body were analysed. The results indicated that cold survival ability of the overwintering eggs was significantly different among the months.The overwintering eggs in January or February had higher tolerance to low temperature than the other months. The mortality of protected eggs in the April (4.32%、5.36%、5.42%、6.79% and 7.63%) was significantly low than non-protected eggs in the April (46.06%、51.84%、54.59%、63.07% and 74.41%) when they were treated 1、2、3、4 and 5 days at the temperature of -20℃. The aitificial diapause eggs had higher tolerance to low temperature than the normal eggs,and had lower tolerance to low temperature than the overwintering eggs . Overwintering eggs undergo a process of cold acclimation that can increase their cold tolerance before the occurrence of low temperatures. The water content of overwintering eggs increased or reduced with temperature reducing or increasing. The fat content of overwintering eggs decreased with the time in winter. The protein content and glycogen content reduced at first, then increased.
为了探讨温度和光周期对绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür越冬卵滞育解除和发育历期的影响,系统调查了绿盲蝽越冬卵在不同温度和不同光照组合下的孵化率和孵化时间,结果表明:绿盲蝽的越冬卵均为滞育卵,低温和光周期对绿盲蝽越冬卵的滞育解除均有影响。2℃的低温处理能够显著促进其滞育解除,在0~65 d范围内,随着低温处理时间增长,其滞育解除时间缩短,未经低温处理的越冬卵T50为68.5 d,低温处理65 d的T50为12.25 d,绿盲蝽越冬卵在2℃低温处理65 d后完全解除滞育;在0~40 d范围内,低温处理时间越长,绿盲蝽越冬卵的孵化率越高,在25℃、全光照的条件下不经低温处理的孵化率为68.65%,低温处理40 d后在25℃的条件下的孵化率达到99.46%。在20℃~ 26℃的范围内,绿盲蝽越冬卵的滞育后发育历期随着温度的上升而缩短,随着光周期的延长而缩短。结果说明低温处理能够提高绿盲蝽越冬卵滞育解除率,但不是其滞育解除的必要条件,低温处理与自然变温对绿盲蝽滞育解除的作用相似;高温和长光照能够促进绿盲蝽的滞育解除,缩短发育历期。
为了阐明环境因子对绿盲蝽Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür卵滞育诱导作用,系统调查了绿盲蝽在不同温度和不同光照组合下所产卵的孵化率和孵化时间,结果表明:绿盲蝽的敏感虫态为1龄若虫。在17℃、20℃和23℃3个不同温度下,光照时间小于14 h能够促进滞育诱导,光照时间大于14 h则有利于个体的发育而抑制滞育产生。短光照对滞育的诱导作用具有累积效应。光照时间在10~14 h范围内,滞育率随着温度的升高而降低;光照时间大于14 h,温度不再对滞育诱导起作用。在17℃、20℃和23℃条件下,绿盲蝽的临界光周期分别为L13h10min:D10h50min、L12h58min:D11h2min、L12h51min:D11h9min,随着温度的升高,临界光照长度缩短。
研究了绿盲蝽卵在越冬过程中的耐寒力变化,分析了其耐寒性与体内生化物质间的关系,结果表明:绿盲蝽越冬卵低温存活力呈现出明显的月份变化,1月和2月的越冬卵耐寒性显著高于其他月份的越冬卵。-20℃处理1、2、3、4和5天的4月份保护卵死亡率明显低于相同处理下的4月份裸露卵的死亡率,保护卵死亡率分别为4.32%、5.36%、5.42%、6.79%和7.63%,裸露卵死亡率分别为46.06%、51.84%、54.59%、63.07%和74.41%。人工滞育卵的耐寒性强于正常发育卵的耐寒性,弱于越冬过程中卵的耐寒性。冷驯化可以显著提高绿盲蝽越冬卵的低温存活力。绿盲蝽越冬卵体内含水量随气温的降低而升高,升高而降低。绿盲蝽越冬卵体内总脂肪含量在整个越冬过程中逐渐降低,蛋白质和糖的含量先降低后升高。
The thesis studied the effects of temperature and photoperiod on diapause termination and diapause induction of the egg of Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür. The thesis also studied the cold tolerance of overwintering egg of A. lucorum and analysed the relation with biochemical substances in the body. Primary diapause mechanism of the egg of Apolygus lucorum and the relation with month was proved. The results are shows:
To understand the effects of temperature and photoperiod on diapause termination and post-diapause development of the overwintering egg of A. lucorum , the hatch rate and hatch time of the overwintering egg of A. lucorum at different temperature and different photoperiod were systematically investigated. The results showed that the overwintering eggs of A. lucorum are all diapause eggs, and their diapause termination could be influenced by low temperature and photoperiod. Low temperature (2℃) affected the diapause termination. The time of diapause termination was shortened with the increment of treatment time of low temperature in the 0 to 65 d treatments, and the T50 values of that without low temperature treatment and the treatment for 65 d by low temperature was 68.5 d and 12.5 d, respectively. The diapause termination of overwintering eggs was completed after 65 d of low temperature treatment. The hatch rate of the overwintering eggs increased with the treatment time of low temperature in the 0 to 40 d treatment. The hatch rate of overwintering eggs without low temperature treatment was 68.65% at 25℃and full light, and 99.46% with low temperature treatment 40 d. The developmental duration of post-diapause reduced with the increasing of temperature and photoperiod in 20℃~26℃. The results suggest that low temperature could increase the diapause termination rate of overwintering eggs but is not the necessary condition for diapause termination. Effects of low temperature and nature temperature to the diapause termination were similar. High temperature and long photoperiod may promote the diapause termination of overwintering eggs and reduce their developmental duration.
To understand the effects of temperature and photoperiod on egg diapause induction of Apolygus lucorum Meyer-Dür, the hatch rate and hatch time of A. lucorum egg laid by those rearing at different temperature and different photoperiod were systematically investigated. The first instar larvae of A. lucorum is the sensitive stage. Daylength less than 14 h were benefit to diapause induction, and daylength more than 14 h were benefit to growth and diapause inhabitation at three different temperature (17℃,20℃,23℃). Short daylength had a cumulative effect on diapause induction. The diapause rate decreased with the increment of temperature in the daylength from 10h to 14 h, and temperature had no effect on diapause induction in the daylength more than 14 h. The critical photoperiod of A. lucorum was L13h10min:D10h50min、L12h58min:D11h2min and L12h51min:D11h9min at 17℃、20℃and 23℃,respectively. The critical daylength shortened with the increment of temperature. The results showed that A. lucorum was a typical long-day insect. Photoperiod was the main factor of diapause induction. Temperature was the cofactor of diapause induction, and low temperature at autumn was benefit to the diapause induction.
In this study, cold tolerance of overwintering egg were investigated and the relation with biochemical substances in the body were analysed. The results indicated that cold survival ability of the overwintering eggs was significantly different among the months.The overwintering eggs in January or February had higher tolerance to low temperature than the other months. The mortality of protected eggs in the April (4.32%、5.36%、5.42%、6.79% and 7.63%) was significantly low than non-protected eggs in the April (46.06%、51.84%、54.59%、63.07% and 74.41%) when they were treated 1、2、3、4 and 5 days at the temperature of -20℃. The aitificial diapause eggs had higher tolerance to low temperature than the normal eggs,and had lower tolerance to low temperature than the overwintering eggs . Overwintering eggs undergo a process of cold acclimation that can increase their cold tolerance before the occurrence of low temperatures. The water content of overwintering eggs increased or reduced with temperature reducing or increasing. The fat content of overwintering eggs decreased with the time in winter. The protein content and glycogen content reduced at first, then increased.
引文
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