采用高升压比DC-DC电路的多单元结构光伏系统研究
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摘要
随着世界各国面临的能源危机和环境污染越来越严重,可再生能源的利用也越来越受到人们的重视,太阳能光伏发电是可再生能源利用的一个很重要的研究方向,本文就是基于这种情况对太阳能光伏并网系统进行了理论、仿真和实验研究。
论文首先对单模块光伏并网系统的各种常用拓扑进行了比较,选择了两级式光伏并网拓扑作为研究对象。又因为太阳能电池的输出电压比较低,不能满足后级逆变器的要求,因此选择了三种高升压比DC-DC升压电路进行研究,对其进行了工作原理分析和仿真实验,提出了一种应用高升压比DC-DC电路的单模块两级式光伏并网拓扑,并且介绍了基于高升压比DC-DC电路的最大功率点跟踪控制。
对单模块两级式光伏并网系统进行了理论研究,分别对应用单电感滤波和LCL滤波的并网逆变器进行了数学建模、理论分析和应用Matlab/Simulink软件的仿真实验。对应用电网电压前馈控制方法的闭环控制策略进行了研究,并且介绍了闭环系统控制参数的整定方法。最后对应用高升压比DC-DC电路的两级式光伏并网系统进行了仿真。
针对太阳能光伏电站等集中式光伏发电系统,单模块光伏并网系统不能满足功率要求,因此本文提出了几种多单元光伏并网系统拓扑,包括电压型等幅和不等幅多电平叠加、电流型等幅和不等幅多电平叠加,对它们进行了理论分析和仿真研究,并且对提出的几种多单元拓扑进行了横向比较。同时对另一种多单元拓扑SPWM并联方法进行了理论和仿真研究。
本文还对应用高升压比DC-DC电路的多单元光伏并网系统进行了硬件和软件设计,其中硬件电路包括功率主电路、控制电路、驱动电路、检测电路等;软件包括SPWM产生、锁相环等。论文最后对设计的单模块光伏并网系统进行了实验验证,得出的实验波形验证了理论分析和仿真实验的正确性和有效性,同时对实验中取得的调试经验进行了总结。
Because of the worldwide energy crisis and environmental pollution, renewable energy sources have been paid more attention. Solar photovoltaic power generation is one of the most important fields. This paper mainly focuses on theories, simulation and experimentation of grid-connected photovoltaic power system.
First, several common single-module photovoltaic topologies are compared and the two-staged photovoltaic system is chosen for the study due to its advantages. But because the output voltage of solar cells is relatively low and therefore can not meet the need of the inverter, three different high step-up DC-DC converters are selected for further study. After analyzing of the principle and simulation results, a two-stage photovoltaic system which applies a high step-up DC-DC converter is present in this paper. Then, a method of the maximum power point tracking control on the high step-up DC-DC converter is introduced.
Next, more theoretical research, which includes theoretical analysis and mathematic model of both grid-connected inverter with LCL flitter and single-inductor filter, focuses on the two-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system and is proved by Matlab/Simulink simulation. Also, this paper studies the closed-loop control strategy for the grid-connected inverters and applies the grid voltage forward feed control method. Then, a method of tuning parameters of closed-loop system control is introduced. The simulation of two-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using high step-up DC-DC converter was presented.
Because single-module photovoltaic systems topology can not meet the power requirements of centralized photovoltaic power generation systems, such as solar PV power station, this paper presented several multi-cell PV system topologies including equal amplitude superposition and unequal amplitude superposition of voltage-source inverters and current-source inverters. Their working principles are analyzed and proved by simulation. A comparison on these multi-cell PV systems is presented as well. Another multi-cell topological by using SPWM control is studied and simulated in the paper.
Finally, this paper designs the hardware including power circuit, control circuit, drive circuit, detection circuit, and software including SPWM generation and phase-locked loop. Experiment proves the theoretical analysis and simulation of the single-module grid-connected photovoltaic systems. Some experience in the debugging is summarized.
论文首先对单模块光伏并网系统的各种常用拓扑进行了比较,选择了两级式光伏并网拓扑作为研究对象。又因为太阳能电池的输出电压比较低,不能满足后级逆变器的要求,因此选择了三种高升压比DC-DC升压电路进行研究,对其进行了工作原理分析和仿真实验,提出了一种应用高升压比DC-DC电路的单模块两级式光伏并网拓扑,并且介绍了基于高升压比DC-DC电路的最大功率点跟踪控制。
对单模块两级式光伏并网系统进行了理论研究,分别对应用单电感滤波和LCL滤波的并网逆变器进行了数学建模、理论分析和应用Matlab/Simulink软件的仿真实验。对应用电网电压前馈控制方法的闭环控制策略进行了研究,并且介绍了闭环系统控制参数的整定方法。最后对应用高升压比DC-DC电路的两级式光伏并网系统进行了仿真。
针对太阳能光伏电站等集中式光伏发电系统,单模块光伏并网系统不能满足功率要求,因此本文提出了几种多单元光伏并网系统拓扑,包括电压型等幅和不等幅多电平叠加、电流型等幅和不等幅多电平叠加,对它们进行了理论分析和仿真研究,并且对提出的几种多单元拓扑进行了横向比较。同时对另一种多单元拓扑SPWM并联方法进行了理论和仿真研究。
本文还对应用高升压比DC-DC电路的多单元光伏并网系统进行了硬件和软件设计,其中硬件电路包括功率主电路、控制电路、驱动电路、检测电路等;软件包括SPWM产生、锁相环等。论文最后对设计的单模块光伏并网系统进行了实验验证,得出的实验波形验证了理论分析和仿真实验的正确性和有效性,同时对实验中取得的调试经验进行了总结。
Because of the worldwide energy crisis and environmental pollution, renewable energy sources have been paid more attention. Solar photovoltaic power generation is one of the most important fields. This paper mainly focuses on theories, simulation and experimentation of grid-connected photovoltaic power system.
First, several common single-module photovoltaic topologies are compared and the two-staged photovoltaic system is chosen for the study due to its advantages. But because the output voltage of solar cells is relatively low and therefore can not meet the need of the inverter, three different high step-up DC-DC converters are selected for further study. After analyzing of the principle and simulation results, a two-stage photovoltaic system which applies a high step-up DC-DC converter is present in this paper. Then, a method of the maximum power point tracking control on the high step-up DC-DC converter is introduced.
Next, more theoretical research, which includes theoretical analysis and mathematic model of both grid-connected inverter with LCL flitter and single-inductor filter, focuses on the two-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system and is proved by Matlab/Simulink simulation. Also, this paper studies the closed-loop control strategy for the grid-connected inverters and applies the grid voltage forward feed control method. Then, a method of tuning parameters of closed-loop system control is introduced. The simulation of two-stage grid-connected photovoltaic system using high step-up DC-DC converter was presented.
Because single-module photovoltaic systems topology can not meet the power requirements of centralized photovoltaic power generation systems, such as solar PV power station, this paper presented several multi-cell PV system topologies including equal amplitude superposition and unequal amplitude superposition of voltage-source inverters and current-source inverters. Their working principles are analyzed and proved by simulation. A comparison on these multi-cell PV systems is presented as well. Another multi-cell topological by using SPWM control is studied and simulated in the paper.
Finally, this paper designs the hardware including power circuit, control circuit, drive circuit, detection circuit, and software including SPWM generation and phase-locked loop. Experiment proves the theoretical analysis and simulation of the single-module grid-connected photovoltaic systems. Some experience in the debugging is summarized.
引文
1赵争鸣,刘建政,孙晓瑛等.太阳能光伏发电及其应用.北京:科学出版社,2005:1-5,127-129
2吴理博.光伏并网逆变系统综合控制策略研究及实现.清华大学博士学位论文. 2006: 14
3王飞.单相光伏并网系统的分析与研究.合肥工业大学博士学位论文. 2005: 20
4王飞,余世杰,苏建徽.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的研究.电工技术学报. 2005,20(05):72-74
5郑诗程,丁明,苏建徽.户用光伏并网发电系统的研究与设计.电力电子技术.2005,23(01):55-57
6马志保,孙佩石,苏建徽.太阳能高压钠灯高频电子镇流器的研究.电源技术应用. 2005,8(01):35-37
7余世杰,战福忠,沈维祥.光伏水泵系统的最大功率点跟踪器.太阳能学报. 1991,12(03):225-230
8陈兴峰,曹志峰,许洪华.光伏发电的最大功率跟踪算法研究.可再生能源,2005(01):8-11
9钟国锋.只为那姹紫嫣红添亮彩——深圳国际园林花卉博览园1MWp并网太阳能光伏电站.建设科技. 2005(05)22-23
10 Balaji Siva Prasad, Sachin Jain. Universal Single-Stage Grid-Connected Inverter. IEEE transactions on energy conversion. 2008, vol. 23(1): 128-137
11 Toshihisa Shimizu, Osamu Hashimoto. A Novel High-Performance Utility-Interactive Photovoltaic Inverter System. IEEE transactions on power electronics. 2003, ol.18(2):704-711
12 Martina Calais, Johanna Myrzik. Inverters for Single-phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems - An Overview Power Tech Conference Proceedings,2003 IEEE Bologna, vol.2:23-26
13 Soeren Baekhoej Kjaer , John K. Pedersen. A Review of Single-Phase Grid- Connected Inverters for Photovoltaic Modules. IEEE transactions on industry applications. 2005, vol.41(5): 1292-1306
14 Xuanyuan Wang, Mehrdad Kazerani. A Modular Photo-Voltaic Grid-Connected Inverter Based on Phase-Shifted-Carrier Technique industry applicationsconference. 2002, vol.4: 2520-2524
15 G. R. Walker, P. C. Sernia. Cascaded DC-DC Converter Connection of Photovoltaic Modules. IEEE transactions on power electronics. 2004, vol.19(4): 1130-1139
16 Chen J.F, Chu C.L. Combination Voltage-Controlled and Current-Controlled PWM Inverter for UPS Parallel Operation. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 1995,10(5): 547-558
17 Hurng-Liahng Jou, Jinn-Chang Wu. A New Parallel Processing UPS with the Performance of Harmonic Suppression and Reactive Power Compensation. IEEE PESC’94, 1994: 1443-1450.
18 Joachim Holtz, Wolfgang Lotzkat, Karl-Heinz Werner. A High-Power Multitransistor-Inverter Uninterruptible Power Supply System. IEEE Trans. Power electronics, Vol.3, No.1, 1988: 278-285.
19邢岩,严仰光.一种新的并联运行逆变器系统的研究.电力电子技术. 1999(6): 11-22
20 Wu T.F, Chen Y.K, Huang Y.H. 3C Strategy for Inverters in Parallel Operation Achieving an Equal Current Distribution. IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, 2000, 47(2):273-281
21徐九玲.逆变器并联运行中的均流技术.电源技术应用. 2001, 4(6): 249-252
22 Naser M. Abdel-Rahim, J.E. Quaicoe. Analysis and Design of a Multiple Feedback Loop Control Strategy for Single-Phase Voltage-Source UPS Inverters. IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, 1996, 11(4): 532-541
23 T. Kawabata, T. Miyashita, N. Saahida, Y. Yamamoto. Three Phases Parallel Processing UPS Using Multi-functional Inverter. IEEE IAS’89, 1989: 982-987.
24焦在强.单级式并网型光伏发电系统用逆变器的研究.中国科学院研究生院硕士学位论文.2004
25张崇巍,张兴. PWM整流器及其控制.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
26陈坚.电力电子学.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
27王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000:167~168
28余勇,张兴,季建强,刘正之.大功率电流型多重化变频电源系统控制与分析.中国电机工程学报. 2004,24(12):24-28
29 Zhou Jinghua, Zhan Xiong, Su Yanming. The Development of Multi-module-cascade High-power Inverter. Industrial Electronics Society, 2003. IECON '03. The 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE. vol.3: 2645-2649
30 G. Gong, H. Ertl, J. W. Kolar. A Multi-Cell Cascaded Power Amplifier. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006: 1150-1156
31郑书路.有源逆变器的并联运行研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2008
32刘凤君.现代逆变技术及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社. 2006:116-123
33江友华,曹以龙,龚幼民.多电平中几种阶梯波算法的分析和比较.电气传动. 2005,35(2):34-36
34张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计(修订版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社. 2005
35 N. Vazquez, L. Hernandez, E. Rodriguez. The Tapped-Inductor Boost Converter [J]. Industrial Electronics, IEEE International Symposium on, 2007: 538-543
36 Qun Zhao, Fred C. Lee. High Performance Coupled-Inductor DC-DC converters [J]. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2003: 109-113 vol. 1
37 Rong-Jong Wai, Rou-Yong Duan. High Step-up Converter with Coupled-Inductor [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2005: 1025-1035 vol. 20
38冯垛生.太阳能发电原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社. 2007. 96-97
39 Tae-Yeop Kim, Ho-Gyun Ahn. A Novel Maximum Power Pointing Tracking Control for Photovoltaic Power System under Rapidly Changing Solar Radiation. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2001. Proceedings. 2: 1011-1014
40 Tsai-Fu Wu, Chien-Hsuan Chang. A Fuzzy-logic-controlled Single-stage Converter for PV-powered Lighting System Applications. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2000, 47(2): 287-296
41徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模及控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 2005. 188-189
42赵为.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的研究.合肥工业大学博士学位论文. 2002: 14-15,18-19
43中小功率单相逆变并网控制系统设计与开发.文劲松.湖南大学硕士学位论文. 2007:27-28
44徐鹏威.三相光伏系统控制技术研究.华中科技大学硕士学位论文. 2007: 14-16
45 M. Perez, J. Rodriguez, J. Pontt, S. Kouro. Power Distribution in Hybrid Multi-cell Converter with Nearest Level Modulation IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. 2007:736-741
46曲学基,曲敬铠,于明扬.逆变技术基础与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社. 2007. 274~275
47 R.Teodorescu, F.Blaabjerg, M.Liserre. A New Control structure for grid-connected LCL PV inverters with zero steady-state error and selective harmonic compensation, Proc. of APEC`04(1): 580-586
48 M Liserre, F Blaabjerg, S Hansen. Design and Control of An LCL-filter Based Active Rectifier, IEEE Trans on Ind.App,sept./Oct.2001,38(2):299-307
49 Wang, T.C.Y, Zhihong ye, Gnatma Sinha. Out Put Filter Design for Grid-connected Three-Phase Inverter. Power Electronics Specialist Conference,2003.PESC03. 2003 IEEE 34th Annual,Vol.2: 779-784
50苗骞.可并网正弦波PWM高效光伏逆变器的研究(DC-AC部分).山东大学硕士学位论文. 2006
51 Mustpaha Raou, Average Current Mode Control of A Voltage Source Inverter Journal of Electrical Engineering,2004,Vol.55:3~4,
52 Guan-Chyun Hsieh, J. C. Hung. Phase-locked Loop Techniques. A survey. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics. 1996, (43):609-615
53 T. Ostrem, W. Sulkowski, L. E. Norum. Grid Connected Photovoltaic (PV) Inverter with Robust Phase-Locked Loop (PLL). Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America. 2006:1-7
54 Longhui Wu, Fang Zhuo, Zhaoan Wang. Soft Phase Locked Loop for Active Power Filter Applied in Small Rating Stand-alone Power System. IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference. 2007:2600-2606
2吴理博.光伏并网逆变系统综合控制策略研究及实现.清华大学博士学位论文. 2006: 14
3王飞.单相光伏并网系统的分析与研究.合肥工业大学博士学位论文. 2005: 20
4王飞,余世杰,苏建徽.太阳能光伏并网发电系统的研究.电工技术学报. 2005,20(05):72-74
5郑诗程,丁明,苏建徽.户用光伏并网发电系统的研究与设计.电力电子技术.2005,23(01):55-57
6马志保,孙佩石,苏建徽.太阳能高压钠灯高频电子镇流器的研究.电源技术应用. 2005,8(01):35-37
7余世杰,战福忠,沈维祥.光伏水泵系统的最大功率点跟踪器.太阳能学报. 1991,12(03):225-230
8陈兴峰,曹志峰,许洪华.光伏发电的最大功率跟踪算法研究.可再生能源,2005(01):8-11
9钟国锋.只为那姹紫嫣红添亮彩——深圳国际园林花卉博览园1MWp并网太阳能光伏电站.建设科技. 2005(05)22-23
10 Balaji Siva Prasad, Sachin Jain. Universal Single-Stage Grid-Connected Inverter. IEEE transactions on energy conversion. 2008, vol. 23(1): 128-137
11 Toshihisa Shimizu, Osamu Hashimoto. A Novel High-Performance Utility-Interactive Photovoltaic Inverter System. IEEE transactions on power electronics. 2003, ol.18(2):704-711
12 Martina Calais, Johanna Myrzik. Inverters for Single-phase Grid Connected Photovoltaic Systems - An Overview Power Tech Conference Proceedings,2003 IEEE Bologna, vol.2:23-26
13 Soeren Baekhoej Kjaer , John K. Pedersen. A Review of Single-Phase Grid- Connected Inverters for Photovoltaic Modules. IEEE transactions on industry applications. 2005, vol.41(5): 1292-1306
14 Xuanyuan Wang, Mehrdad Kazerani. A Modular Photo-Voltaic Grid-Connected Inverter Based on Phase-Shifted-Carrier Technique industry applicationsconference. 2002, vol.4: 2520-2524
15 G. R. Walker, P. C. Sernia. Cascaded DC-DC Converter Connection of Photovoltaic Modules. IEEE transactions on power electronics. 2004, vol.19(4): 1130-1139
16 Chen J.F, Chu C.L. Combination Voltage-Controlled and Current-Controlled PWM Inverter for UPS Parallel Operation. IEEE Trans on Power Electronics, 1995,10(5): 547-558
17 Hurng-Liahng Jou, Jinn-Chang Wu. A New Parallel Processing UPS with the Performance of Harmonic Suppression and Reactive Power Compensation. IEEE PESC’94, 1994: 1443-1450.
18 Joachim Holtz, Wolfgang Lotzkat, Karl-Heinz Werner. A High-Power Multitransistor-Inverter Uninterruptible Power Supply System. IEEE Trans. Power electronics, Vol.3, No.1, 1988: 278-285.
19邢岩,严仰光.一种新的并联运行逆变器系统的研究.电力电子技术. 1999(6): 11-22
20 Wu T.F, Chen Y.K, Huang Y.H. 3C Strategy for Inverters in Parallel Operation Achieving an Equal Current Distribution. IEEE Transaction on Industrial Electronics, 2000, 47(2):273-281
21徐九玲.逆变器并联运行中的均流技术.电源技术应用. 2001, 4(6): 249-252
22 Naser M. Abdel-Rahim, J.E. Quaicoe. Analysis and Design of a Multiple Feedback Loop Control Strategy for Single-Phase Voltage-Source UPS Inverters. IEEE Transaction on Power Electronics, 1996, 11(4): 532-541
23 T. Kawabata, T. Miyashita, N. Saahida, Y. Yamamoto. Three Phases Parallel Processing UPS Using Multi-functional Inverter. IEEE IAS’89, 1989: 982-987.
24焦在强.单级式并网型光伏发电系统用逆变器的研究.中国科学院研究生院硕士学位论文.2004
25张崇巍,张兴. PWM整流器及其控制.北京:机械工业出版社,2003
26陈坚.电力电子学.北京:高等教育出版社,2002
27王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2000:167~168
28余勇,张兴,季建强,刘正之.大功率电流型多重化变频电源系统控制与分析.中国电机工程学报. 2004,24(12):24-28
29 Zhou Jinghua, Zhan Xiong, Su Yanming. The Development of Multi-module-cascade High-power Inverter. Industrial Electronics Society, 2003. IECON '03. The 29th Annual Conference of the IEEE. vol.3: 2645-2649
30 G. Gong, H. Ertl, J. W. Kolar. A Multi-Cell Cascaded Power Amplifier. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006: 1150-1156
31郑书路.有源逆变器的并联运行研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2008
32刘凤君.现代逆变技术及应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社. 2006:116-123
33江友华,曹以龙,龚幼民.多电平中几种阶梯波算法的分析和比较.电气传动. 2005,35(2):34-36
34张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计(修订版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社. 2005
35 N. Vazquez, L. Hernandez, E. Rodriguez. The Tapped-Inductor Boost Converter [J]. Industrial Electronics, IEEE International Symposium on, 2007: 538-543
36 Qun Zhao, Fred C. Lee. High Performance Coupled-Inductor DC-DC converters [J]. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2003: 109-113 vol. 1
37 Rong-Jong Wai, Rou-Yong Duan. High Step-up Converter with Coupled-Inductor [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2005: 1025-1035 vol. 20
38冯垛生.太阳能发电原理与应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社. 2007. 96-97
39 Tae-Yeop Kim, Ho-Gyun Ahn. A Novel Maximum Power Pointing Tracking Control for Photovoltaic Power System under Rapidly Changing Solar Radiation. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics, 2001. Proceedings. 2: 1011-1014
40 Tsai-Fu Wu, Chien-Hsuan Chang. A Fuzzy-logic-controlled Single-stage Converter for PV-powered Lighting System Applications. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2000, 47(2): 287-296
41徐德鸿.电力电子系统建模及控制[M].北京:机械工业出版社. 2005. 188-189
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