相变增压推进系统虚拟样机研究
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摘要
随着临近空间平流层飞艇战略意义的日益凸显,对飞艇性能起决定性作用的推进系统正逐渐成为各航空航天大国关注和研究的热点。临近空间环境大气稀薄,一般的吸气式发动机无法正常运行,携带燃料的火箭式发动机又会限制飞艇的驻空时间,而目前广泛采用的螺旋桨推进装置,其推进效率随飞行高度的增加迅速衰减,这就需要根据临近空间环境特点及飞艇长期驻空、机动性强等工作要求,构建一种可应用与平流层飞艇的新型推进系统。
本文根据平流层飞艇现有推进系统存在的关键问题进行分析,提出一种基于相变增压的新型吸气式推进系统。新型推进系统以临近空间稀薄空气作为推进工质,对来流进行预增压以避开液化过程中出现的氮气的三相点问题,以先液化再加压的方式实现工质的超高压比增压。通过原理分析及热力循环设计结果,得出新型推进系统的整体流程。
在临近空间相变增压推进系统概念设计的基础上,采用虚拟样机技术进行其前期研究。针对相变增压推进系统的特点,分析了常用样机构建流程中操作繁琐且质量不高的模型初建、格式转换、动态添加等问题,提出一种可精确控制的,以MATLAB虚拟现实工具箱为基础,结合专业三维建模软件和Simulink接口等平台各自优点的复杂三维虚拟样机快速构建新方法。利用此方法建立了完整的相变增压推进系统虚拟样机仿真演示模型。
通过相变增压推进系统虚拟样机的运转演示,观察到不同视角下整体模型及核心部件的运行情况,对推进系统的外观、构成、功能等有了直观的认识;通过相变增压推进系统虚拟样机在测试工况下的运行,由控制模型的运行数据得出动态仿真曲线,检测部件的运行状态,控制系统设计的合理性及运行中可能出现的问题,为相变增压新型推进系统三维模型及控制系统的进一步分析、优化提供了有力的依据。
With the growing importance of the stratosphere airship, the propulsion system that plays a decisive effect in the performance of airship is becoming a hot research topic in many countries. The rarefid atmosphere of near space resulted in the general air-breathing engine which does not work, rocket engines that need carry fuel will restrict the working hours of airship, and with the increase in altitude, the efficiency of widely used screw propeller will be reduced rapidly. It is required to construct a new type of stratosphere airship propulsion system, according to the characteristics of near space environment and airship work requirements.
My thesis aims at the existing problems of stratosphere airship propulsion system, to propose a type of project based on phase-changing supercharging air-breathing manner, it take near space rarefied air as working fluid, pre-pressurization air to avoid the three-phase problem of nitrogen, realize ultra-high supercharging by phase transition, through the conclusion of principles analysis and thermodynamic cycle design, established a whole process of new propulsion system.
Study the phase-changing supercharging propulsion system based on virtual prototyping technology, aim at characteristics of the propulsion system virtual prototype, analysis the trivial and roughness step in common operating process such as construct model, converting data format and adding elements dynamically, a new method was proposed based on MATLAB Virtual Reality Toolbox, combined the advantage of professional 3D modeling software and interface of Simulink. With this method, the complex 3D virtual model could be designed quickly and its motion could be controlled accurately. Use this method to established a complete phase-changing supercharging propulsion system virtual prototype.
Though the simulation of phase-changing supercharging propulsion system virtual prototype, observed the operation performance of the overall model and core components under different perspectives, obtain a direct awareness of the appearance, composition and functions of the propulsion system. Through the operation of phase-changing supercharging propulsion system virtual prototype in the test conditions, get dynamic simulation curve by controlling operation data of model and tested the operational status of components, the reasonableness of Simulink control system design and possible problems of operation. These data provide a powerful basis for further analysis and optimization on 3D model and control system of phase-changing supercharging propulsion system.
本文根据平流层飞艇现有推进系统存在的关键问题进行分析,提出一种基于相变增压的新型吸气式推进系统。新型推进系统以临近空间稀薄空气作为推进工质,对来流进行预增压以避开液化过程中出现的氮气的三相点问题,以先液化再加压的方式实现工质的超高压比增压。通过原理分析及热力循环设计结果,得出新型推进系统的整体流程。
在临近空间相变增压推进系统概念设计的基础上,采用虚拟样机技术进行其前期研究。针对相变增压推进系统的特点,分析了常用样机构建流程中操作繁琐且质量不高的模型初建、格式转换、动态添加等问题,提出一种可精确控制的,以MATLAB虚拟现实工具箱为基础,结合专业三维建模软件和Simulink接口等平台各自优点的复杂三维虚拟样机快速构建新方法。利用此方法建立了完整的相变增压推进系统虚拟样机仿真演示模型。
通过相变增压推进系统虚拟样机的运转演示,观察到不同视角下整体模型及核心部件的运行情况,对推进系统的外观、构成、功能等有了直观的认识;通过相变增压推进系统虚拟样机在测试工况下的运行,由控制模型的运行数据得出动态仿真曲线,检测部件的运行状态,控制系统设计的合理性及运行中可能出现的问题,为相变增压新型推进系统三维模型及控制系统的进一步分析、优化提供了有力的依据。
With the growing importance of the stratosphere airship, the propulsion system that plays a decisive effect in the performance of airship is becoming a hot research topic in many countries. The rarefid atmosphere of near space resulted in the general air-breathing engine which does not work, rocket engines that need carry fuel will restrict the working hours of airship, and with the increase in altitude, the efficiency of widely used screw propeller will be reduced rapidly. It is required to construct a new type of stratosphere airship propulsion system, according to the characteristics of near space environment and airship work requirements.
My thesis aims at the existing problems of stratosphere airship propulsion system, to propose a type of project based on phase-changing supercharging air-breathing manner, it take near space rarefied air as working fluid, pre-pressurization air to avoid the three-phase problem of nitrogen, realize ultra-high supercharging by phase transition, through the conclusion of principles analysis and thermodynamic cycle design, established a whole process of new propulsion system.
Study the phase-changing supercharging propulsion system based on virtual prototyping technology, aim at characteristics of the propulsion system virtual prototype, analysis the trivial and roughness step in common operating process such as construct model, converting data format and adding elements dynamically, a new method was proposed based on MATLAB Virtual Reality Toolbox, combined the advantage of professional 3D modeling software and interface of Simulink. With this method, the complex 3D virtual model could be designed quickly and its motion could be controlled accurately. Use this method to established a complete phase-changing supercharging propulsion system virtual prototype.
Though the simulation of phase-changing supercharging propulsion system virtual prototype, observed the operation performance of the overall model and core components under different perspectives, obtain a direct awareness of the appearance, composition and functions of the propulsion system. Through the operation of phase-changing supercharging propulsion system virtual prototype in the test conditions, get dynamic simulation curve by controlling operation data of model and tested the operational status of components, the reasonableness of Simulink control system design and possible problems of operation. These data provide a powerful basis for further analysis and optimization on 3D model and control system of phase-changing supercharging propulsion system.
引文
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2黄伟,陈逖,罗世彬.临近空间飞行器研究现状分析.飞航导弹, 2007, (10)
3原野.近太空领域发展的背景与动因.国际太空. 2006, (7):24~28
4 J.Thornton, D.Grace, C.Spillard. Broadband communications from a high-altitude platform: the europan helinet. ELECTRONICS & CIMMUNICATION ENGINEERING JOURNAL. June 2001:138-144
5 S. Karapantazis, F.-N. Pavlidou. Broadband from heaven-high altitude platforms. IEE Communications Engineer April/May 2004:18~23
6 Alfred Elkins. The airship in navy experimentation, AIAA 2002-5819
7 Ingolf Schafer, Lahnau. Airship as unmanned platforms-challenge and chance. AIAA 2002~5882
8王彦广,李健全,李勇等.近空间飞行器的特点及其应用前景.航天器工程,2007,16(1):50~57
9李利良,郭伟民,何家芳.国外近空间飞艇的现状和发展.武器装备自动化. 2008,27(2):32~34
10 Yung-Gyo Lee, Dong-Min Kim, Chan-Hong Yeom. Development of korean high altitude platform system. International Journal of Wireless Information Networks, Vol.13, No.1,January 2006:31~42
11侯东兴,刘东红.浮空器在军事斗争中的应用及其发展趋势.航空兵器. 2006,6(3):60~64
12 Masahiko Onda. Beam driven stratospheric. AIP Conf. Proc. 664, 523(2003)
13 Douglas Griffin, Bruce Swinyard, Sunil Sidher, Patrick Irwin. Feasibility study of a stratospheric-airship obserbvatory. Proceeding of SPIE Vol. 4857 (2003):227~238
14 G.F.O. Von Appen-Schnur, R. Kube, I. Schaefer, K.-H. Stenvers. Aerostatic platforms, past, present and future: a prototype for astronomy. Proceedings of SPIE Vol. 4014(2000):226~236
15刘大海.平流层飞艇的能源技术和平衡分析.航天返回与遥感. 2006,(6):6~13
16 Werner Knaupp, Eva Mundschau. Solar electric energy supply at high altitude. Aerospace Science and Technology 8 (2004):245~254
17 Sang H. Choi, James R. Elliott, Glen C. King. Power budget analysis for high altitude airships. Proc. of SPIE Vol.6219:62190C-1-62190C-12
18 Werner Knaupp. Solar powerd airship-challenge and chance. 1993 IEEE:1314~1319
19郭建国,周军.基于螺旋桨系统的平流层飞艇复合控制系统.宇航学报. 2009,30(1):225~228
20 D.C.Ferguson, G..B.Hillard. Paschen consideration for high altitude airships. AIAA 2004-1260
21王明建,黄新生.平流层飞艇平台的发展及关键技术分析.自动测量与控制. 2007,26(8):58~60
22杨秉,杨健,李小将等.临近空间飞艇运行环境及其影响.航天器环境工程. 2008,25(6):555~557
23王侃,杨秀梅.虚拟样机技术综述.新技术新工艺. 2008(3):66~71
24郑晓曦,孙国正.虚拟样机系统.计算机工程与应用. 2005(1):37~43
25郑俊庆,朱真才,赵继云.基于虚拟现实的继续系统分析.煤矿机械. 2004(9):54~55
26黄心渊.虚拟现实技术与应用.北京科学出版社. 1997
27 Zorriassatine F,Wykes C. A survey of virtual prototyping techniques for mechanical product development. Engineering Manufacture. 2003,217(B):513-53
28熊光楞,李伯虎,柴旭东.虚拟样机技术.系统仿真学报. 2001,13(1)
29 Valasek M., Software Tools for Mechatronic Vehicles; Design Through Modelling and Simulation, Vehicle System Dynamics Supplement, 1999, 33:214-230
30沈维道,蒋志敏,童钧耕.工程热力学.高等教育出版社. 2002
31 James.H. Boschma,Modern aviation applications for cycloidal propulsion:AIAA 2001-5267
32刘火星,刘宝杰,陈懋章.国外新概念吸气式发动机的发展.航空制造技术,2005(3):32~38
33刘大响,程荣辉.世界航空动力技术现状及发展动向.北京航空航天大学学报. 2002,28(5):490~496
34李连生.涡旋压缩机.机械工业出版社. 1998
35 L.林德.螺杆压缩机.机械工业出版社. 1996
36 Gary Wang G Definition and review of Virtual Prototyping. Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering. 2002,2(3):232~236
37 Shyamsundarar N, Gadhb R. Collaborative Virtual prototyping of product assemblies over the Internet. Computer-Aided Design. 2002, 3(4):755~768
38 Nayler A. Airship activity and development world-wide. 2003. AIAA 2003-6727, 200
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