固化光源对正畸托槽光敏粘结剂微渗漏及抗剪切强度影响的研究
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摘要
目的:研究普通卤素灯(QTH)和发光二级管灯(LED)对正畸托槽复合树脂光敏粘结剂(3M)和树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘结剂(GC)微渗漏及抗剪切力的影响,为临床正畸粘结材料和固化光源的选择提供一定依据。
方法:选取新鲜拔除的第一双尖牙96颗,分成A,B两组,每组48颗,A组随机分为四组,每组12颗,粘置标准网底方丝弓托槽,A1组:正畸复合树脂光敏粘接剂(3M),普通卤素灯(QTH)光照40秒,A2组:正畸复合树脂光敏粘接剂(3M),发光二级管灯(LED)光照20秒,A3组:正畸树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘接剂(GC),普通卤素灯(QTH)光照40秒,A4:正畸树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘接剂(GC),发光二级管灯(LED)光照20秒。所有样本于蒸馏水浸泡4周,经过2000次冷热循环(5℃到55℃),样本用指甲油封闭,浸泡在0.5%的碱性品红24小时,样本切片,低倍体视显微镜下拍照测量微渗漏,微渗漏的大小分别在托槽与粘结剂,粘结剂与牙面两个界面分牙合龈方向测量统计,实验结果使用SPSS12.0统计分析软件进行分析,采用kruskal-Wallis test及Mann-WhitneyU test(Bonferroni校正)进行统计,最后高倍立体显微镜及扫描电镜观察不同处理组样本纵切面牙釉质-粘结剂界面。B组样本采取与A组样本同样的分组与粘结处理方式,人工唾液浸泡4周后采用微机万能材料实验机对托槽的粘结强度进行检测,同时记录粘结剂残留指数,结果使用SPSS 12.0统计分析软件进行分析,采用LSD- test及Mann-Whitney U-test进行统计,高倍体视显微镜和扫描电镜观察托槽去除后牙面状况。
结果:1、树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘接剂(GC)在两个界面的微渗漏均大于复合树脂光敏粘结剂(3M),差别具有显著统计学意义;
2、复合树脂光敏粘结剂(3M)使用普通卤素灯(QTH)固化时在两个界面产生的微渗漏大于发光二极管灯(LED),差别有统计学意义;
3、树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘结剂(GC)采用普通卤素灯(QTH)固化时在两个界面产生的微渗漏值大于发光二极管灯(LED),但差别无统计学意义;
4、观察各组样本两个界面,托槽龈方的微渗漏均大于牙合方;
5、复合树脂光敏粘结剂(3M)抗剪切力及ARI值均显著大于树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘接剂(GC);
6、普通卤素灯(QTH)和发光二级管灯(LED)对复合树脂光敏粘结剂(3M)和树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘接剂(GC)的抗剪切力及ARI值影响差别无统计学意义。
结论:1、传统复合树脂产生了较少的微渗漏,作为正畸粘结剂较树脂加强型玻璃离子安全;
2、LED灯不仅可以节约临床操作时间而且降低了材料的微渗漏;
3、托槽龈方微渗漏明显大于牙合方;
4、扫描电镜及体视显微镜所观察到的牙釉质-粘结剂界面的结合情况可能与微渗漏的大小相关;
5、两种正畸光敏粘结剂抗剪切强度均符合临床要求,托槽去除后树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘接剂对牙面破坏较小;
6、LED灯照可以节约一半光照时间并能达到普通卤素灯的光照效果,正畸托槽粘结建议使用LED灯作为固化光源。
Objective:Evaluate the effect of quartz-tungsten-halogen light(QTH) and LED curing systems on the microleakage and shear bond strength of resin adhesive (3M) and resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive (GC). The aim of this study was to provide evidences for clinical chose of curing lights and Orthodontic Adhesives.
Methods:96 freshly-extracted human premolars were divided to A and B group(n = 48/group),each group was randomly assigned into 4 bonding groups (n = 12/group): group A1, resin adhesive (3M),QTH cured 40s; groupA2, resin adhesive (3M),LED cured 20s; groupA3, resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive (GC), QTH cured 40s; groupA4, resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive (GC) , LED-cured 20s. The teeth were kept in distilled water for 4 weeks, and subjected to 2000 thermal cycles(from 5℃to 55℃). Then, specimens were sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 hours, sectioned, and photographed under a low power stereomicroscope.Microleakage was scored with regard to the adhesive-tooth interface and the bracket-adhesive interface at both incisal and gingival margins. Statistical analysis was accomplished by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests with Bonferroni correction ( SPSS 12.0 ) .At last the interface of enamel- adhesive was obsvered under high power stereomicroscope and SEM. groupB were assigned as A, The teeth were kept in artificial saliva for 4 weeks, Specimens were thermocycled 2000 times and the shear bond strength of the adhesive system was evaluated with an Universal testing machine . Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were determined after bracket failure. The data were submitted to statistical analysis ( SPSS 12.0 ) , using t-test and Mann-Whitney analysis .the surface of enamel was obsvered under high power stereomicroscope and SEM after debonding the bracket.
Results:
1.GC results in more microleakage than 3M in both tooth-adhesive and bracket-adhesive interfaces. A significant difference was observed.
2.When 3M was used, QTH displayedy more microleakage than LED in both tooth-adhesive and bracket-adhesive interfaces, significant difference was observed.
3.When GC was used, QTH displayedy more microleakage than LED in both tooth-adhesive and bracket-adhesive interfaces, no significant difference was observed.
4.The gingival sides in all groups exhibited higher microleakage scores compared with those observed on occlusal sides for both adhesive interfaces in each group.
5.The shear bond strength and ARI of 3M was significant lager than GC.
6.No matter which adhensive was used .No significant difference was found in shear bond strength and ARI between the LED and QTH.
Conclusions:
1.Using the conventional resin adhesive (3M) in orthodontics practice safer than using resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive (GC) as it show less microleakage.
2.LED not only save the manipulative time but also lead much lower microleage under backet.
3.The gingival sides in all groups exhibited lager microleakage compared with those observed on occlusal sides.
4.Probably there is correlation between microleakage and the shape of enamel- adhesive interface.
5.Both two kinds of light curing adhensives can satisfy the clinic need of orthodontics. Resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive significantly less incidences of enamel failure.
6.Orthodontic adhesives cured with LED was statistically equivalent to those cured with a QTH. LED can save the time and be suggested for the polymerization of orthodontic bonding adhesives.
方法:选取新鲜拔除的第一双尖牙96颗,分成A,B两组,每组48颗,A组随机分为四组,每组12颗,粘置标准网底方丝弓托槽,A1组:正畸复合树脂光敏粘接剂(3M),普通卤素灯(QTH)光照40秒,A2组:正畸复合树脂光敏粘接剂(3M),发光二级管灯(LED)光照20秒,A3组:正畸树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘接剂(GC),普通卤素灯(QTH)光照40秒,A4:正畸树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘接剂(GC),发光二级管灯(LED)光照20秒。所有样本于蒸馏水浸泡4周,经过2000次冷热循环(5℃到55℃),样本用指甲油封闭,浸泡在0.5%的碱性品红24小时,样本切片,低倍体视显微镜下拍照测量微渗漏,微渗漏的大小分别在托槽与粘结剂,粘结剂与牙面两个界面分牙合龈方向测量统计,实验结果使用SPSS12.0统计分析软件进行分析,采用kruskal-Wallis test及Mann-WhitneyU test(Bonferroni校正)进行统计,最后高倍立体显微镜及扫描电镜观察不同处理组样本纵切面牙釉质-粘结剂界面。B组样本采取与A组样本同样的分组与粘结处理方式,人工唾液浸泡4周后采用微机万能材料实验机对托槽的粘结强度进行检测,同时记录粘结剂残留指数,结果使用SPSS 12.0统计分析软件进行分析,采用LSD- test及Mann-Whitney U-test进行统计,高倍体视显微镜和扫描电镜观察托槽去除后牙面状况。
结果:1、树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘接剂(GC)在两个界面的微渗漏均大于复合树脂光敏粘结剂(3M),差别具有显著统计学意义;
2、复合树脂光敏粘结剂(3M)使用普通卤素灯(QTH)固化时在两个界面产生的微渗漏大于发光二极管灯(LED),差别有统计学意义;
3、树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘结剂(GC)采用普通卤素灯(QTH)固化时在两个界面产生的微渗漏值大于发光二极管灯(LED),但差别无统计学意义;
4、观察各组样本两个界面,托槽龈方的微渗漏均大于牙合方;
5、复合树脂光敏粘结剂(3M)抗剪切力及ARI值均显著大于树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘接剂(GC);
6、普通卤素灯(QTH)和发光二级管灯(LED)对复合树脂光敏粘结剂(3M)和树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘接剂(GC)的抗剪切力及ARI值影响差别无统计学意义。
结论:1、传统复合树脂产生了较少的微渗漏,作为正畸粘结剂较树脂加强型玻璃离子安全;
2、LED灯不仅可以节约临床操作时间而且降低了材料的微渗漏;
3、托槽龈方微渗漏明显大于牙合方;
4、扫描电镜及体视显微镜所观察到的牙釉质-粘结剂界面的结合情况可能与微渗漏的大小相关;
5、两种正畸光敏粘结剂抗剪切强度均符合临床要求,托槽去除后树脂加强型玻璃离子光敏粘接剂对牙面破坏较小;
6、LED灯照可以节约一半光照时间并能达到普通卤素灯的光照效果,正畸托槽粘结建议使用LED灯作为固化光源。
Objective:Evaluate the effect of quartz-tungsten-halogen light(QTH) and LED curing systems on the microleakage and shear bond strength of resin adhesive (3M) and resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive (GC). The aim of this study was to provide evidences for clinical chose of curing lights and Orthodontic Adhesives.
Methods:96 freshly-extracted human premolars were divided to A and B group(n = 48/group),each group was randomly assigned into 4 bonding groups (n = 12/group): group A1, resin adhesive (3M),QTH cured 40s; groupA2, resin adhesive (3M),LED cured 20s; groupA3, resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive (GC), QTH cured 40s; groupA4, resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive (GC) , LED-cured 20s. The teeth were kept in distilled water for 4 weeks, and subjected to 2000 thermal cycles(from 5℃to 55℃). Then, specimens were sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 hours, sectioned, and photographed under a low power stereomicroscope.Microleakage was scored with regard to the adhesive-tooth interface and the bracket-adhesive interface at both incisal and gingival margins. Statistical analysis was accomplished by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests with Bonferroni correction ( SPSS 12.0 ) .At last the interface of enamel- adhesive was obsvered under high power stereomicroscope and SEM. groupB were assigned as A, The teeth were kept in artificial saliva for 4 weeks, Specimens were thermocycled 2000 times and the shear bond strength of the adhesive system was evaluated with an Universal testing machine . Adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were determined after bracket failure. The data were submitted to statistical analysis ( SPSS 12.0 ) , using t-test and Mann-Whitney analysis .the surface of enamel was obsvered under high power stereomicroscope and SEM after debonding the bracket.
Results:
1.GC results in more microleakage than 3M in both tooth-adhesive and bracket-adhesive interfaces. A significant difference was observed.
2.When 3M was used, QTH displayedy more microleakage than LED in both tooth-adhesive and bracket-adhesive interfaces, significant difference was observed.
3.When GC was used, QTH displayedy more microleakage than LED in both tooth-adhesive and bracket-adhesive interfaces, no significant difference was observed.
4.The gingival sides in all groups exhibited higher microleakage scores compared with those observed on occlusal sides for both adhesive interfaces in each group.
5.The shear bond strength and ARI of 3M was significant lager than GC.
6.No matter which adhensive was used .No significant difference was found in shear bond strength and ARI between the LED and QTH.
Conclusions:
1.Using the conventional resin adhesive (3M) in orthodontics practice safer than using resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive (GC) as it show less microleakage.
2.LED not only save the manipulative time but also lead much lower microleage under backet.
3.The gingival sides in all groups exhibited lager microleakage compared with those observed on occlusal sides.
4.Probably there is correlation between microleakage and the shape of enamel- adhesive interface.
5.Both two kinds of light curing adhensives can satisfy the clinic need of orthodontics. Resin-modified glass ionomer adhesive significantly less incidences of enamel failure.
6.Orthodontic adhesives cured with LED was statistically equivalent to those cured with a QTH. LED can save the time and be suggested for the polymerization of orthodontic bonding adhesives.
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50.LiH,BurrowMF,TyasMJ.The effect of thermocycling regimens on the nanoleakage of dentin bonding systemsJ. Dent Mater,2002,18 (3) :189-196.
51.单丽华,张丁,石彦涛,等.光固化加强型玻璃离子水门汀粘结性能的研究.口腔正畸学,2002,9(3):124-126.
52.Selim A,NuraelA.Effects of thermocyding on the bond strength ofA Resin -Modified Glass Ionomer Ceament : An In Vitro Comparative Study.Angle Orthod,2003,73(6):692-696.
53.Heintze SD.J Adhes Dent. Systematic reviews: I. The correlation between laboratory tests on marginal quality and bond strength. II. The correlation between marginal quality and clinical outcome.Review. Erratum in: J Adhes Dent. 2007 Dec;9(6):546.
54.Martin-Alonso J Gacia-Barbero AE Study of microleakage of bonded amalgams with light-cured adhensive system.Rev Actual Odontoestomatol Esp.2000;5:495-501.
55.赵信义何惠明李石保牙本质粘接界面微渗漏的观察方法比较口腔医学研究2007年第05期488-491.
56.Dorminey JC, Dunn WJ, Taloumis LJ. Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a modified 1-step etchant-and-primer technique. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2003,124(4):410-413.
57.Maria FS , Vittorio C , An drea S , et a1 . Effect of blood contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded conventional and self- etching primers . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004 ,125(3):357-360.
58.Moon HJ.Lee YK,Lira BS,et a1.Effects of various light curing methods on the leachability of uncured substances and hardness of a composite resin.J Oral Rehabil.2004;31(3):258-264.
59.Oesterle LJ, Newman SM, Shellhart WC .Rapid curing of bonding composite with a xenon plasma arc light.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Jun;119(6):610-616.
60.Hofmann N, Hugo B, Klaiber B. Effect of irradiation type (LED or QTH) on photo-activated composite shrinkage strain kinetics, temperature rise, and hardness..Eur J Oral Sci. 2002 Dec;110(6):471-479.
61.邢静,陈柯,段建民不同类型光固化灯对纤维桩粘结强度的影响<<牙体牙髓牙周病学杂志>>2007年第17卷第02期86-89.
62.房伯君杨亚因热冷循环对托槽抗剪切强度影响的研究现代口腔医学杂志2006年第20卷第3期:301-303.
1.J Adhes Dent. Milestones in adhension:glass-ionomer cemrnts. J Adhes Dent. 2003 Winter;5(4):259-266.
2.冯应宏,魏明波,陈建钢.黏结剂对银汞合金充填微渗漏及密合度的影响[J.临口腔医学杂志, 2005,21 (1):30-32.
3.FerraeaneJL , MitchemJC.Relationship between composite contraction stress and leakage in ClassV cavities. Am J Dent , 2003 ,Aug;16(4):239-243.
4.Gordan VV, Mj?r IA. Short- and long-term clinical evaluation of post-operative sensitivity of a new resin-based restorative material and self-etching primer. Oper Dent,2002,Nov-Dec;27(6):543-548.
5.高承志.牙科树脂与水门汀材料的理论与临床.人民军医出版社,2008年5月版次,130-132.
6.Ba X, Cheng W.Development of study on modified glass ionomer cement. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi2005 Aug;22(4):857-859. Review. Chinese.
7.庄妲,刘天佳.充填体边缘微渗漏的影响因素.国外医学:口腔医学分册, 2001 , (28 )5 :294-297.
8.孙培,邓婧.隔湿剂对玻璃离子边缘密封性的影响.中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2009年第08期:1582-1584
9.杨萍,周利文,骆伟燕等.银粉玻璃离子充填材料体外微渗漏的研究.广东牙病防治, 2001年第01期:32
10.刘萍,徐津,董亚利等.银粉玻璃离子牙体充填洞壁密合度的电镜研究.天津医科大学学报, 2001年第04期:541-543
11.胡炜,傅民魁.玻璃离子黏固剂在口腔正畸中的应用.口腔医学杂志,2001年9月第36卷第5期:398-400.
12.Elliott JE, Lovell LG.Bowman CN.Primary cyclization in the polymerization of Bis-GMA and TEGDMA: a modeling approachto understanding the cure of dental resins. Dent Mater , 2001May;17(3):221-229.
13.Versluis A, Douglas WH, Sakaguchi RL.Thermal expansion coefficient of dental composites measured with strain gauges.Dent Mater, 1996 Sep;12(5):290-294.
14.Toledano M,Osorio E,Osorio R,et al .Microleakage of Glass resin–modified and compomer restorations.ProsthetDent, 1999 , 81:610-615.
15.陆忆,丁玲,陆群.改良型玻璃离子水门汀及复合体的边缘微漏研究.上海第二医科大学学报, 2001年第01期:52-54.
16.AttinT, BuchallaW, KielbassaAM, et al.Curing shrinkage andvolumetric changes of resin- modified glass ionomer restorative materials.DentMater, 1995 , 11:359-362.
17.伍爱民朱有家.两种玻璃离子水门汀边缘封闭性的体外比较.武汉大学学报医学版[J].第28卷第6期:756-758.
18.Schmidlin PR, Huber T, G?hring TN, et al. Effects of total and selective bonding on marginal adaptation and microleakage of Class I resin composite restorations in vitro.Oper Dent. 2008 Nov-Dec;33(6):629-635.
19.DelméKI, Deman PJ, De Bruyne MA, et al. Microleakage of four different restorative glass ionomer formulations in class V cavities: Er:YAG laserversus conventional preparation.Photomed Laser Surg,2008, Dec;26(6):541-549 .
20.Corona SA, Borsatto MC, Rocha RA, et al. Microleakage on Class V glass ionomer restorations after cavity preparation with aluminum oxide air abrasion. Braz Dent J, 2005,16(1):35-38 .
21.Rogi?-Barbi? M, Segovi? S. Microleakage along Glassix glass fibre posts cemented with three different materials assessed using a fluid transport system.Int Endod, 2006, May;39(5):363-367 .
22.张秋霞,刘薇丽,李志军.三种黏结材料黏结金属桩钉的微渗漏研究.医药论坛杂志, 2008年3月第29卷第6期:22-24
23.Bachicha WS, DiFiore PM, Miller DA, et al Microleakage of endodonticallytreated teeth restoredwith posts. Endod, 1998 Nov;24(11):703-708.
24.Rossetti PH, do Valle AL. Correlation between margin fit and microleakage in complete crowns cemented with three luting agents. Appl Oral Sci, 2008 Feb;16(1):64-69.
25.朱镇.修复体边缘微渗漏的影响因素及控制方法.国外医学口腔医学分册,2002,29 (30 ):181-182.
26.Lindquist TJ, Connolly J.In vitro microleakage of luting cements and crown foundation material. Prosthet Dent, 2001, Mar 85(3):292-298.
27.JaequesLB , FerrariM , CardosoPE. Microleakeage and resin cement film thickness of luted all-ceramic and gold electroformed porelain-fused-to-mental crown. Adhes Dent,.2003,5(2):145一152.
28.许凌云,曾利伟.4种黏接剂对全瓷颈缘和合金颈缘的金属烤瓷冠微渗漏影响的对比.研究广东牙病防治, 2008年6月第16卷第6期: 266-268.
2.Cacciafesta V, Sfondrini MF, De Angelis M, et al. Effect of water and saliva contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with conventional, hydrophilic, and self-etching primers. American Journal of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopedics. 123(6):633-640, 2003 Jun.
3.石彦涛,平燕,单丽华等.血液污染后再酸蚀对光固化树脂加强型玻璃离子粘接剂粘接性能的影响<<中国组织工程研究与临床康复>>2009年第13卷第29期5280-5282.
4.O,kuyama K, Murata Y, Pereira PN, et al. Fluoride release and take up by various dental materials after fluoride application.Am J Dent.2006;19(2):123-127
5.SilikasN,EliadesG, Watts DC.Light intensity effects on resin-composite degree of conversion and shrinkage strain.Dent Mater. 2000 Jul;16(4):292-296.
6.Mavropoulos A ,Staudt CB,Kiliaridis S,et a1. Light curing time reduction: in vitro evaluation of new intensive light emitting diode curing units.Eur J Orthod,2005;27(4):408-412.
7.Dauvillier BS, Aarnts MP, Feilzer AJ.Developments in shrinkage control of adhesive restoratives. Review. J Esthet Dent. 2000;12(6):291-299.
8.O‘kuda M, Pereira PN, Nakajima M, et a1. Long-term durability of resin dentin interface: nanoleakage vs. microtensile bond strength. Oper Dent. 2002 May-Jun;27(3):289-296.
9.O'Reilly MM, Featherstone JD. Demineralization and remineralization around orthodontic appliances: an in vivo study. Am J OrthodDentofacial Orthop. 1987 Jul;92(1):33-40.
10.Ballal NV.Microleakage of composite resin restorations.Aust Dent J. 2008 Dec;53(4):369-370.
11.Sadeghi M.Influence of flowable materials on microleakage of nanofilled and hybrid Class II composite restorations with LED and QTH LCUs.Indian J Dent Res. 2009 Apr-Jun;20(2):159-163.
12.Stojanac I, Drobac M, Petrovi? L, et a1. Microleakage of contemporary composite systems in dentin cavities.MedPregl.2009 Jul-Aug; 62(7-8):295-303.
13.Rossetti PH, do Valle AL, de Carvalho RM, et a1. Correlation between margin fit and microleakage in complete crowns cemented with three luting agents.J Appl Oral Sci. 2008 Feb;16(1):64-69.
14.Pithon MM, Dos Santos RL, de Oliveira MV, et a1. Metallic brackets bonded with resin-reinforced glass ionomer cements under different enamel conditions.Angle Orthod. 2006 Jul;76(4):700-704.
15.Arhun N, Arman A, Cehreli SB. Arikan S,Microleakage beneath ceramic and metal brackets bonded with a conventional and an antibacterial adhesive system.Angle Orthod. 2006 Nov;76(6):1028-1034.
16.FerraeaneJL,MitchemJC.Relationship between composite contraction tress and leakage in ClassV cavities [ J ] . Am J Dent , 2003 ,Aug;16(4):239-243.
17.陈文玉,钟圣纯.窝沟封闭边缘微渗漏研究进展广东牙病防治2009 17(4).
18.李莎莎,秦晓红,何佳.玷污层及不同根管封闭剂对根管充填后根尖微渗漏的影响牙体牙髓牙周病学杂志2007年第12期698-701.
19.许凌云,曾利伟,4种粘接剂对全瓷颈缘和合金颈缘的金属烤瓷冠微渗漏影响的对比研究.广东牙病防治2008年第06期266-268.
20.程涛,孙贵峰.三种粘结剂粘结嵌体的微渗漏对比研究口腔颌面修复学杂志2008年第01期525-528.
21.李浩萍.种植体钛基桩与修复体金属基底全冠之间固位力及边缘微渗漏的研究2006-10-20 -第四军医大学学位论文:口腔种植学.
22.Maleknejad F, Moosavi H, Shahriari R, Sarabi N, Shayankhah T.The effect of different adhesive types and curing methods on microleakage and the marginal adaptation of composite veneers.J Contemp Dent Pract. 2009 May 1;10(3):18-26.
23.Duarte S Jr, de Freitas CR, Saad JR, Sadan A. The effect of immediate dentin sealing on the marginal adaptation and bond strengths of total-etch and self-etch adhesives. J Prosthet Dent. 2009 Jul;102(1):1-9.
24.Manal M. Solimana, Samir E. Bisharab,Fluoride Release Rate from an orthodontic Sealant and Its Clinical Implications.The Angle OrthodontistVolume 76, Issue 2 (March 2006) pp. 282-288.
25.Gaworski M, Weinstein M, Borislow AJ, et al. Decalcification and bond failure: A comparison of a glass ionomer and a composite resin bonding system in vivo.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 1999;116(5):518-521.
26.Matalon S, Slutzky H, Weiss EI.Antibacterial properties of 4 orthodontic cements. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2005 Jan;127(1):56-63.
27.Al Shamsi A, Cunningham JL, Lamey PJ, Shear bond strength and residual adhesive after orthodontic bracket debonding.Angle Orthod. 2006 Jul;76(4):694-699.
28.孙应明白槐延段银钟新型玻璃离子粘结剂在正畸导萌中的应用实用口腔医学杂志2002年第01期76-77.
29.Elliott JE, Lovell LG.Bowman CN.Primary cyclization in the polymerization of Bis-GMA and TEGDMA: a modeling approachto understanding the cure of dental resins. Dent Mater. 2001 May;17(3):221-229.
30.Versluis A, Douglas WH, Sakaguchi RL.Thermal expansion coefficient of dental composites measured with strain gauges.Dent Mater, 1996Sep;12(5):290-294.
31.ToledanoM,OsorioE,OsorioR,etal.Microleakage of Glass resin–modified and compomer restorations.ProsthetDent, 1999 , 81:610-615.
32.陆忆,丁玲,陆群.改良型玻璃离子水门汀及复合体的边缘微漏研究上海第二医科大学学报, 2001年第01期.52-54.
33.AttinT, BuchallaW, KielbassaAM, et al.Curing shrinkage andvolumetric changes of resin- modified glass ionomer restorative materials.DentMater, 1995 , 11:359-362.
34.许凌云,曾利伟.4种粘接剂对全瓷颈缘和合金颈缘的金属烤瓷冠微渗漏影响的对比研究广东牙病防治, 2008年6月第16卷第6期: 266-268.
35.Gordan VV, Mj?r IA. Short- and long-term clinical evaluation of post-operative sensitivity of a new resin-based restorative material and self-etching primer.Oper Dent. 2002 Nov-Dec;27(6):543-548.
36.David H. Pashleya,, Franklin R. Tayb Aggressiveness of contemporary self-etching adhesives Dent Mater. 2001 Sep;17(5):430-434.
37.Gerdolle DA ,Mortier E ,Loos Ayav C ,In vitro evaluation of microleakage of indirect composite inlays cemented with four luting agentsJ ProsthetDent,2005,93(6:563-570 Part II: etching effects on unground enamel Dental Materials 17 (2001) 430-444.
38.高承志牙科树脂与水门汀材料的理论与临床人民军医出版社2008年05月76-134.
39.Jiménez-PlanasA,MartínJ,AbalosC,Developments in polymerization lamps.review.Quintessence Int.2008 Feb;39(2):e74-78.
40.Yap AU, Wong NY, Siow KS Composite cure and shrinkage associated with high intensity curing light. Oper Dent. 2003 Jul-Aug;28(4):357-364.
41.Nilgun Ozturk A, Usumez A, Ozturk B, Usumez S.Influence of different light sources on microleakage of class V composite resinrestorations.J Oral Rehabil. 2004 May;31(5):500-504.
42.Hofmann N, Hugo B, Klaiber B.Effect of irradiation type (LED or QTH) on photo-activated composite shrinkage strain kinetics, temperature rise, and hardness. Eur J Oral Sci. 2002 Dec;110(6):471-479.
43.Rahiotis C,Kakaboura A,Loukidis M ,et a1.Curing efficiency of various types of light curing units . Eur J Oral Sei , 2004 ;112(1):89—94.
44.郑刚,徐恒昌,赵奇.固化光源的种类对复合树脂充填材料固化收缩量的影响.中国生物工程学报,2002;21(3):246-250.
45.NomotoR,UchidaK,HirasawaT.Effect of light intensity on Dent Mater polymerization of light cured composite resins.1994;13:198-205.
46.Dogan A, Hubbezoglu I, Dogan OM, et a1.Temperature rise induced by various light curing units through human dentin.Dent Mater J.2009 May;28(3):253-260.
47.胡炜,王勤,傅民魁.正畸粘结用玻璃离子粘固剂防治托槽周围釉质脱矿的体外Ph循环试验.中华口腔医学杂志,2003;38(2):109-111.
48.Neslihan Arhun ;AycaArman Microleakage beneath Ceramic and Metal Brackets Bonded with a Conventional and an Antibacterial Adhesive System.Angle Orthodontist, Angle Orthod. 2006 Nov;76(6):1028-1034.
49.TNikaido,KHKunzelmann,HChen,etal.Evaluation of theromalcycling and mechanical loading on bonding strength of a self-etching primer system to dentin J.Dentalmaterials,2002,18-26.
50.LiH,BurrowMF,TyasMJ.The effect of thermocycling regimens on the nanoleakage of dentin bonding systemsJ. Dent Mater,2002,18 (3) :189-196.
51.单丽华,张丁,石彦涛,等.光固化加强型玻璃离子水门汀粘结性能的研究.口腔正畸学,2002,9(3):124-126.
52.Selim A,NuraelA.Effects of thermocyding on the bond strength ofA Resin -Modified Glass Ionomer Ceament : An In Vitro Comparative Study.Angle Orthod,2003,73(6):692-696.
53.Heintze SD.J Adhes Dent. Systematic reviews: I. The correlation between laboratory tests on marginal quality and bond strength. II. The correlation between marginal quality and clinical outcome.Review. Erratum in: J Adhes Dent. 2007 Dec;9(6):546.
54.Martin-Alonso J Gacia-Barbero AE Study of microleakage of bonded amalgams with light-cured adhensive system.Rev Actual Odontoestomatol Esp.2000;5:495-501.
55.赵信义何惠明李石保牙本质粘接界面微渗漏的观察方法比较口腔医学研究2007年第05期488-491.
56.Dorminey JC, Dunn WJ, Taloumis LJ. Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with a modified 1-step etchant-and-primer technique. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 2003,124(4):410-413.
57.Maria FS , Vittorio C , An drea S , et a1 . Effect of blood contamination on shear bond strength of brackets bonded conventional and self- etching primers . Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2004 ,125(3):357-360.
58.Moon HJ.Lee YK,Lira BS,et a1.Effects of various light curing methods on the leachability of uncured substances and hardness of a composite resin.J Oral Rehabil.2004;31(3):258-264.
59.Oesterle LJ, Newman SM, Shellhart WC .Rapid curing of bonding composite with a xenon plasma arc light.Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2001 Jun;119(6):610-616.
60.Hofmann N, Hugo B, Klaiber B. Effect of irradiation type (LED or QTH) on photo-activated composite shrinkage strain kinetics, temperature rise, and hardness..Eur J Oral Sci. 2002 Dec;110(6):471-479.
61.邢静,陈柯,段建民不同类型光固化灯对纤维桩粘结强度的影响<<牙体牙髓牙周病学杂志>>2007年第17卷第02期86-89.
62.房伯君杨亚因热冷循环对托槽抗剪切强度影响的研究现代口腔医学杂志2006年第20卷第3期:301-303.
1.J Adhes Dent. Milestones in adhension:glass-ionomer cemrnts. J Adhes Dent. 2003 Winter;5(4):259-266.
2.冯应宏,魏明波,陈建钢.黏结剂对银汞合金充填微渗漏及密合度的影响[J.临口腔医学杂志, 2005,21 (1):30-32.
3.FerraeaneJL , MitchemJC.Relationship between composite contraction stress and leakage in ClassV cavities. Am J Dent , 2003 ,Aug;16(4):239-243.
4.Gordan VV, Mj?r IA. Short- and long-term clinical evaluation of post-operative sensitivity of a new resin-based restorative material and self-etching primer. Oper Dent,2002,Nov-Dec;27(6):543-548.
5.高承志.牙科树脂与水门汀材料的理论与临床.人民军医出版社,2008年5月版次,130-132.
6.Ba X, Cheng W.Development of study on modified glass ionomer cement. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi2005 Aug;22(4):857-859. Review. Chinese.
7.庄妲,刘天佳.充填体边缘微渗漏的影响因素.国外医学:口腔医学分册, 2001 , (28 )5 :294-297.
8.孙培,邓婧.隔湿剂对玻璃离子边缘密封性的影响.中国组织工程研究与临床康复, 2009年第08期:1582-1584
9.杨萍,周利文,骆伟燕等.银粉玻璃离子充填材料体外微渗漏的研究.广东牙病防治, 2001年第01期:32
10.刘萍,徐津,董亚利等.银粉玻璃离子牙体充填洞壁密合度的电镜研究.天津医科大学学报, 2001年第04期:541-543
11.胡炜,傅民魁.玻璃离子黏固剂在口腔正畸中的应用.口腔医学杂志,2001年9月第36卷第5期:398-400.
12.Elliott JE, Lovell LG.Bowman CN.Primary cyclization in the polymerization of Bis-GMA and TEGDMA: a modeling approachto understanding the cure of dental resins. Dent Mater , 2001May;17(3):221-229.
13.Versluis A, Douglas WH, Sakaguchi RL.Thermal expansion coefficient of dental composites measured with strain gauges.Dent Mater, 1996 Sep;12(5):290-294.
14.Toledano M,Osorio E,Osorio R,et al .Microleakage of Glass resin–modified and compomer restorations.ProsthetDent, 1999 , 81:610-615.
15.陆忆,丁玲,陆群.改良型玻璃离子水门汀及复合体的边缘微漏研究.上海第二医科大学学报, 2001年第01期:52-54.
16.AttinT, BuchallaW, KielbassaAM, et al.Curing shrinkage andvolumetric changes of resin- modified glass ionomer restorative materials.DentMater, 1995 , 11:359-362.
17.伍爱民朱有家.两种玻璃离子水门汀边缘封闭性的体外比较.武汉大学学报医学版[J].第28卷第6期:756-758.
18.Schmidlin PR, Huber T, G?hring TN, et al. Effects of total and selective bonding on marginal adaptation and microleakage of Class I resin composite restorations in vitro.Oper Dent. 2008 Nov-Dec;33(6):629-635.
19.DelméKI, Deman PJ, De Bruyne MA, et al. Microleakage of four different restorative glass ionomer formulations in class V cavities: Er:YAG laserversus conventional preparation.Photomed Laser Surg,2008, Dec;26(6):541-549 .
20.Corona SA, Borsatto MC, Rocha RA, et al. Microleakage on Class V glass ionomer restorations after cavity preparation with aluminum oxide air abrasion. Braz Dent J, 2005,16(1):35-38 .
21.Rogi?-Barbi? M, Segovi? S. Microleakage along Glassix glass fibre posts cemented with three different materials assessed using a fluid transport system.Int Endod, 2006, May;39(5):363-367 .
22.张秋霞,刘薇丽,李志军.三种黏结材料黏结金属桩钉的微渗漏研究.医药论坛杂志, 2008年3月第29卷第6期:22-24
23.Bachicha WS, DiFiore PM, Miller DA, et al Microleakage of endodonticallytreated teeth restoredwith posts. Endod, 1998 Nov;24(11):703-708.
24.Rossetti PH, do Valle AL. Correlation between margin fit and microleakage in complete crowns cemented with three luting agents. Appl Oral Sci, 2008 Feb;16(1):64-69.
25.朱镇.修复体边缘微渗漏的影响因素及控制方法.国外医学口腔医学分册,2002,29 (30 ):181-182.
26.Lindquist TJ, Connolly J.In vitro microleakage of luting cements and crown foundation material. Prosthet Dent, 2001, Mar 85(3):292-298.
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