硬质合金刀具车削半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢的磨损机理研究
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摘要
半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢以其独特的优越性,在航空航天工业方面,尤其是飞机蒙皮制造方面获得了广泛的应用。本文对硬质合金刀具与半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢的氧化性能以及二者间的扩散性能进行了研究,并通过半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢的车削试验对其加以验证,从而对硬质合金刀具车削半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢的磨损机理进行了系统研究。
通过对硬质合金刀具和半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢的化学热力学计算和氧化试验进行研究,发现YT类硬质合金刀具相对氧化失重较少,抗氧化能力较强；加热温度为1200K时,YG类硬质合金刀具中的WC和Co元素已经部分被氧化,而YT类硬质合金刀具中的TiC则未被氧化；细晶粒硬质合金刀具的抗氧化能力要比粗晶粒硬质合金刀具要好。五种硬质合金刀具的抗氧化性能的优劣顺序为：YT15>YT5>YG6X>YG6>YG8。而半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢在加热温度T=1300K时,试样块表面被完全氧化,Fe元素被氧化为Fe2O3,Cr元素被氧化为Cr3O8,Mn元素被氧化为Mn2O3,Ni元素被氧化为NiO。
通过对硬质合金刀具与半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢间的扩散试验进行研究,发现加热温度为200℃时,硬质合金刀具与半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢间已经开始发生扩散,而且加热温度越高,扩散程度越剧烈；当加热温度为400℃时,扩散现象更为明显,且YT类硬质合金刀具与半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢间的扩散程度要高于YG类硬质合金刀具。硬质合金刀具晶粒越细小,扩散就越难于进行。而且,发生扩散后,靠近扩散偶接触面的试样硬度均明显低于试样的硬度正常值。因而,五种硬质合金刀具与半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢间扩散剧烈程度大小顺序为：YT15>YT5>YG8>YG6>YG6X。
通过对半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢的车削试验进行研究,发现从切削力、加工表面质量和切削温度来看,YT类硬质合金刀具更适合于车削半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢；从硬质合金刀具后刀面磨损量来看,YT类硬质合金刀具的后刀面耐磨性要好于YG类硬质合金刀具；YT类硬质合金刀具的主要磨损机理为氧化磨损、粘结磨损和扩散磨损,YG类硬质合金刀具的主要磨损机理为氧化磨损、边界磨损、粘结磨损和扩散磨损。
At present, semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel has been used widely in the aerospace industry, especially in the skin of the aircraft because of the unique advantages. The research of oxidation and diffusion properties between cemented carbide tools and semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel was carried out, and the results were confirmed through turning experiment of semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, thus the main wear mechanism of cemented carbide tools was obtained.
The chemical thermodynamics computation and oxidation test on cemented carbide tools and semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel were studied, the results indicated that:the oxidation weightlessness of YT cemented carbide tools is less, so the anti-oxidation ability is stronger; the WC and Co in YG cemented carbide tools had already been oxidized in 1200K, but the TiC in YT cemented carbide tools had not been oxidized; the anti-oxidized ability of fine grain cemented carbide tools is better than that with coarse grains. So the preferential order of anti-oxidized ability on five cemented carbide tools is as follows:YT15>YT5>YG6X>YG6>YG8. The specimen of semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel was completely oxidized in 1300K, and the oxidation product of Fe, Cr, Mn and Ni is respectively Fe2O3, Cr3O8, Mn2O3 and NiO.
The diffusion test from cemented carbide tools to semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel (vice versa) was studied. The results showed that:the diffusion had took place along the interface of the diffusion couple composed of cemented carbide tools and semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel in 200℃, and the diffusion degree was more violent with increasing temperature. Diffusing phenomena are quite obvious in 400℃, the diffusion degree in YT cemented carbide tools is more obvious than that in YG cemented carbide tools, and crystal grain of cemented carbide tools material is finer, the diffusion is more difficult. The Vickers hardness near the interface of the diffusion couple is lower than far away from the interface owing to element diffusion. So the size order of diffusion degree on five cemented carbide tools is as follows:YT15>YT5>YG8>YG6>YG6X.
The turning test on semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel was carried out with cemented carbide tools. Results showed that:YT cemented carbide tools were more suitable for turning semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel than YG cemented carbide tools through analyzing tool flank wear, cutting force, surface roughness and cutting temperature. Oxidation wear, adhesive wear and diffusion wear were the main wear mechanism of YT cemented carbide tools; oxidation wear, boundary wear, adhesive wear and diffusion wear were the main wear mechanism of YG cemented carbide tools.
通过对硬质合金刀具和半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢的化学热力学计算和氧化试验进行研究,发现YT类硬质合金刀具相对氧化失重较少,抗氧化能力较强；加热温度为1200K时,YG类硬质合金刀具中的WC和Co元素已经部分被氧化,而YT类硬质合金刀具中的TiC则未被氧化；细晶粒硬质合金刀具的抗氧化能力要比粗晶粒硬质合金刀具要好。五种硬质合金刀具的抗氧化性能的优劣顺序为：YT15>YT5>YG6X>YG6>YG8。而半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢在加热温度T=1300K时,试样块表面被完全氧化,Fe元素被氧化为Fe2O3,Cr元素被氧化为Cr3O8,Mn元素被氧化为Mn2O3,Ni元素被氧化为NiO。
通过对硬质合金刀具与半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢间的扩散试验进行研究,发现加热温度为200℃时,硬质合金刀具与半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢间已经开始发生扩散,而且加热温度越高,扩散程度越剧烈；当加热温度为400℃时,扩散现象更为明显,且YT类硬质合金刀具与半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢间的扩散程度要高于YG类硬质合金刀具。硬质合金刀具晶粒越细小,扩散就越难于进行。而且,发生扩散后,靠近扩散偶接触面的试样硬度均明显低于试样的硬度正常值。因而,五种硬质合金刀具与半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢间扩散剧烈程度大小顺序为：YT15>YT5>YG8>YG6>YG6X。
通过对半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢的车削试验进行研究,发现从切削力、加工表面质量和切削温度来看,YT类硬质合金刀具更适合于车削半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢；从硬质合金刀具后刀面磨损量来看,YT类硬质合金刀具的后刀面耐磨性要好于YG类硬质合金刀具；YT类硬质合金刀具的主要磨损机理为氧化磨损、粘结磨损和扩散磨损,YG类硬质合金刀具的主要磨损机理为氧化磨损、边界磨损、粘结磨损和扩散磨损。
At present, semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel has been used widely in the aerospace industry, especially in the skin of the aircraft because of the unique advantages. The research of oxidation and diffusion properties between cemented carbide tools and semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel was carried out, and the results were confirmed through turning experiment of semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel, thus the main wear mechanism of cemented carbide tools was obtained.
The chemical thermodynamics computation and oxidation test on cemented carbide tools and semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel were studied, the results indicated that:the oxidation weightlessness of YT cemented carbide tools is less, so the anti-oxidation ability is stronger; the WC and Co in YG cemented carbide tools had already been oxidized in 1200K, but the TiC in YT cemented carbide tools had not been oxidized; the anti-oxidized ability of fine grain cemented carbide tools is better than that with coarse grains. So the preferential order of anti-oxidized ability on five cemented carbide tools is as follows:YT15>YT5>YG6X>YG6>YG8. The specimen of semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel was completely oxidized in 1300K, and the oxidation product of Fe, Cr, Mn and Ni is respectively Fe2O3, Cr3O8, Mn2O3 and NiO.
The diffusion test from cemented carbide tools to semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel (vice versa) was studied. The results showed that:the diffusion had took place along the interface of the diffusion couple composed of cemented carbide tools and semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel in 200℃, and the diffusion degree was more violent with increasing temperature. Diffusing phenomena are quite obvious in 400℃, the diffusion degree in YT cemented carbide tools is more obvious than that in YG cemented carbide tools, and crystal grain of cemented carbide tools material is finer, the diffusion is more difficult. The Vickers hardness near the interface of the diffusion couple is lower than far away from the interface owing to element diffusion. So the size order of diffusion degree on five cemented carbide tools is as follows:YT15>YT5>YG8>YG6>YG6X.
The turning test on semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel was carried out with cemented carbide tools. Results showed that:YT cemented carbide tools were more suitable for turning semi-austenitic precipitation hardening stainless steel than YG cemented carbide tools through analyzing tool flank wear, cutting force, surface roughness and cutting temperature. Oxidation wear, adhesive wear and diffusion wear were the main wear mechanism of YT cemented carbide tools; oxidation wear, boundary wear, adhesive wear and diffusion wear were the main wear mechanism of YG cemented carbide tools.
引文
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