天山北麓三水转化与地下水库调蓄研究
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摘要
天山北麓位于我国新疆准噶尔盆地南缘,新疆的主要经济开发带集中在该区,区内资源丰富,交通便利,工农业生产发达,在整个自治区经济结构中具有十分重要的地位。然而区内降水稀少,蒸发强烈。随着国民经济的发展水资源问题日益突出,水资源短缺已经成为制约区域经济发展和环境改善的瓶颈。加之人类对水资源的不合理开发利用,生态环境日益恶化。为了实现区域水资源合理开发利用,促进社会经济与生态环境的协调发展,查明区内的“三水”转化规律势在必行。为此本文通过进行天山北麓“三水”转化规律研究,以期为区域水资源合理开发利用和生态环境保护提供科学依据。
本文在水文地质条件研究的基础上,总结出天山北麓三水转化的四种模式;根据典型流域水文地质条件和三水转化特征,以水量平衡为基础,构建了天山北麓水资源转化模型,揭示了天山北麓三水转化规律。在此基础上结合当前水资源不合理开发利用所引起的生态环境问题,以水资源与社会经济、生态环境协调发展为目标,提出实现区域水资源可持续开发利用的途径。研究表明,人类对水资源的不合理开发利用是引起区域生态环境问题的主要原因,主要表现在忽视地下水与地表水循环转化关系,片面提高地表水资源利用率。只有实施地下水与地表水的联合开发利用,进行区域水资源优化配置,结合跨流域调水,才是实现各流域水资源合理开发利用的根本途径。
河流与地下水的转化是三水转化的重要方面,为此本文在野外调查和原位试验的基础上,对河床岩性为粗颗粒相时河流入渗进行系统观测,研究了天山北麓河流与地下水的转化关系,建立了河流入渗过程中地下水对河水入渗响应的概率统计模型,揭示了河流与地下下水脱节情况下包气带水分分布规律。研究表明利用马尔科夫过程、泊松分布、锐利分布等概率分布模型,可以有效地模拟预测地下水对河流入渗补给的响应过程。
为实现区域水资源合理开发利用,本文从地下水库的调蓄空间、调蓄水源,调蓄工程三个方面对在天山北麓地下水库调蓄能力进行了研究。研究表明在天山北麓兴建地下水库是可行的,对提高区域水资源利用率,实现水资源合理开发利用具有重要的作用。
上述成果对天山北麓三水转化关系、机理研究具有重要的意义,对指导天山北麓平原区地下水资源评价以及维持生态环境良性循环具有重要的指导作用。为地下水合理开发利用、生态环境保护和调控提供科学依据,对进行三水转化研究的理论和方法具有一定的创新和发展作用。
The Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain is located in the southern part of Dzungarian Basin in Xinjiang where major economic development zone situated, with rich resources, good communications and developed Agriculture and industry. It has played an important role in the economic structure in Uygur Autonomous Region. However, there is little rainfall and intense vaporization. With the development of the national economy, the issue of water resource has caught more and more people's attention. The shortage of water resource has become a bottleneck to the economic development and environmental improvement of the region. Additionally,the unreasonable exploitation and utilization of the water resource by human has deteriorated the ecological environment day by day. In order to exploit and utilize water resource reasonably in the region and promote the harmonious development between social economy and ecological environment, an investigation into the transformation among precipitation, surface water and groundwater is badly needed. Hence, this article is expected to provide scietific foundation for the reasonable exploitation and utilization of water resource and the protection of ecological environment through the research on the transformation among precipitation, surface water and groundwaterin the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain.
On the basis of researches into the hydrogeology, it has concluded four patterns of conversion among three types of water(precipitation, surface water and groundwater) in the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain. Considering the hydrogeological conditions of typical water valleys and the characteristics of three-types-water conversion, this article has established typical models of the conversion among precipitation, surface water and groundwater in the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain based on the hydrologic accounting. And it has conducted a thorough research on the rules of the conversion among three types of water. Considering the environmental problems caused by unreasonable development of water resource and for the purpose of harmonious development among water resource, ecological environment and social economy, it proposes a fundamental way to achieve the sustainable exploitation and utilization of regional water resource. From the research we can see that at present the unreasonable exploitation and utilization of water resource is the major cause of the environmental issue in the region. And it mainly shows from the following two aspects: neglect of the circulation and conversion between groundwater and surface water and excessive increase in the use of surface water. Therefore, the exploitation and utilization of both the groundwater and surface water, diverting water resource among different basins to allocate it effectively is the fundamental way to reasonably exploit and utilize water resource in the regions respectively.
The conversion from river to groundwater is an essential aspect in the whole conversion among three types of water. Therefore, based on the field investigations and in situ testing this article has conducted a systematic observation on river infiltration when the river bed's lithology is of coarse granule and investigated into the conversion between river and groundwater in the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain. Additionally, it has built probability statistics model of the groundwater response to the river infiltration and discovered the rules of moisture distribution in the unsaturated zone All these show that taking advantage of probability distribution models such as markoff process, Poisson distribution and Rayleigh distribution can effectively simulate the response of groundwater to the river infiltration supply.
In order to develop and utilize water resources reasonably in the region, this article has researched into the groundwater regulation ability in the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain from three aspects: regulation space, resources and projects of groundwater reservoir. Researches show that to build a groundwater reservoir in the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain is feasible and it plays an important role in promoting the utilization ratio and obtaining reasonable development of regional water resources.
All these above achievements have played a leading role in researches on the mechanism and conversion among precipitation, surface water and groundwater in the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain and provided a guideline on the evaluation of groundwater resources and maintenance of a virtuous environment circle. Furthermore, they have offered a scientific foundation for reasonable development and utilization of groundwater and environment protection and regulation in the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain. To certain degree they also have played an innovative part both in the theory and means of studying the conversion among precipitation, surface water and groundwater.
本文在水文地质条件研究的基础上,总结出天山北麓三水转化的四种模式;根据典型流域水文地质条件和三水转化特征,以水量平衡为基础,构建了天山北麓水资源转化模型,揭示了天山北麓三水转化规律。在此基础上结合当前水资源不合理开发利用所引起的生态环境问题,以水资源与社会经济、生态环境协调发展为目标,提出实现区域水资源可持续开发利用的途径。研究表明,人类对水资源的不合理开发利用是引起区域生态环境问题的主要原因,主要表现在忽视地下水与地表水循环转化关系,片面提高地表水资源利用率。只有实施地下水与地表水的联合开发利用,进行区域水资源优化配置,结合跨流域调水,才是实现各流域水资源合理开发利用的根本途径。
河流与地下水的转化是三水转化的重要方面,为此本文在野外调查和原位试验的基础上,对河床岩性为粗颗粒相时河流入渗进行系统观测,研究了天山北麓河流与地下水的转化关系,建立了河流入渗过程中地下水对河水入渗响应的概率统计模型,揭示了河流与地下下水脱节情况下包气带水分分布规律。研究表明利用马尔科夫过程、泊松分布、锐利分布等概率分布模型,可以有效地模拟预测地下水对河流入渗补给的响应过程。
为实现区域水资源合理开发利用,本文从地下水库的调蓄空间、调蓄水源,调蓄工程三个方面对在天山北麓地下水库调蓄能力进行了研究。研究表明在天山北麓兴建地下水库是可行的,对提高区域水资源利用率,实现水资源合理开发利用具有重要的作用。
上述成果对天山北麓三水转化关系、机理研究具有重要的意义,对指导天山北麓平原区地下水资源评价以及维持生态环境良性循环具有重要的指导作用。为地下水合理开发利用、生态环境保护和调控提供科学依据,对进行三水转化研究的理论和方法具有一定的创新和发展作用。
The Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain is located in the southern part of Dzungarian Basin in Xinjiang where major economic development zone situated, with rich resources, good communications and developed Agriculture and industry. It has played an important role in the economic structure in Uygur Autonomous Region. However, there is little rainfall and intense vaporization. With the development of the national economy, the issue of water resource has caught more and more people's attention. The shortage of water resource has become a bottleneck to the economic development and environmental improvement of the region. Additionally,the unreasonable exploitation and utilization of the water resource by human has deteriorated the ecological environment day by day. In order to exploit and utilize water resource reasonably in the region and promote the harmonious development between social economy and ecological environment, an investigation into the transformation among precipitation, surface water and groundwater is badly needed. Hence, this article is expected to provide scietific foundation for the reasonable exploitation and utilization of water resource and the protection of ecological environment through the research on the transformation among precipitation, surface water and groundwaterin the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain.
On the basis of researches into the hydrogeology, it has concluded four patterns of conversion among three types of water(precipitation, surface water and groundwater) in the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain. Considering the hydrogeological conditions of typical water valleys and the characteristics of three-types-water conversion, this article has established typical models of the conversion among precipitation, surface water and groundwater in the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain based on the hydrologic accounting. And it has conducted a thorough research on the rules of the conversion among three types of water. Considering the environmental problems caused by unreasonable development of water resource and for the purpose of harmonious development among water resource, ecological environment and social economy, it proposes a fundamental way to achieve the sustainable exploitation and utilization of regional water resource. From the research we can see that at present the unreasonable exploitation and utilization of water resource is the major cause of the environmental issue in the region. And it mainly shows from the following two aspects: neglect of the circulation and conversion between groundwater and surface water and excessive increase in the use of surface water. Therefore, the exploitation and utilization of both the groundwater and surface water, diverting water resource among different basins to allocate it effectively is the fundamental way to reasonably exploit and utilize water resource in the regions respectively.
The conversion from river to groundwater is an essential aspect in the whole conversion among three types of water. Therefore, based on the field investigations and in situ testing this article has conducted a systematic observation on river infiltration when the river bed's lithology is of coarse granule and investigated into the conversion between river and groundwater in the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain. Additionally, it has built probability statistics model of the groundwater response to the river infiltration and discovered the rules of moisture distribution in the unsaturated zone All these show that taking advantage of probability distribution models such as markoff process, Poisson distribution and Rayleigh distribution can effectively simulate the response of groundwater to the river infiltration supply.
In order to develop and utilize water resources reasonably in the region, this article has researched into the groundwater regulation ability in the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain from three aspects: regulation space, resources and projects of groundwater reservoir. Researches show that to build a groundwater reservoir in the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain is feasible and it plays an important role in promoting the utilization ratio and obtaining reasonable development of regional water resources.
All these above achievements have played a leading role in researches on the mechanism and conversion among precipitation, surface water and groundwater in the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain and provided a guideline on the evaluation of groundwater resources and maintenance of a virtuous environment circle. Furthermore, they have offered a scientific foundation for reasonable development and utilization of groundwater and environment protection and regulation in the Northern Piedmont of Tianshan Mountain. To certain degree they also have played an innovative part both in the theory and means of studying the conversion among precipitation, surface water and groundwater.
引文
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