中继增强蜂窝网络中基于复用分割的无线资源管理
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摘要
更高的数据传输速率及无所不在的可靠信号覆盖是下一代移动通信网络的迫切要求,而把中继多跳技术引入蜂窝网络则是一种经济有效的解决方案。中继蜂窝网络可以扩大小区的覆盖范围,服务基站的盲点地区,节省功率以及平衡小区间的负载等。然而,由于中继站的引入需要消耗更多的无线资源,同时造成更复杂的干扰分布,因此对无线资源管理提出了新的难题。本文针对下一代两跳固定中继蜂窝网络中的无线资源分配、路由选择、小区间同频干扰的管理等方面进行了研究。
复用分割是一种能有效提高频谱利用效率的资源分配技术,其核心思想是对不同区域内的用户分配具有不同复用因子的无线资源。本文创新性地将其基本概念引入到固定中继蜂窝网络中,并始终围绕提高小区容量和扩大高数据率的覆盖范围(即改善小区边缘用户的服务质量)这两个主要目标,从小区内和小区间优化、静态和动态资源分配、基站之间无协作和有协作等不同角度,设计不同的频谱分配方案及路由算法来优化系统性能。
具体而言,本文分别提出了小区间基于固定复用分割、软复用分割和动态复用分割的不同资源分配方案。在这些方案中,通过巧妙优化基站到终端用户之间链路、基站到中继之间链路以及中继到用户之间链路频带的复用因子,使得频谱资源得到了有效利用,同时又避免了小区间严重的同频干扰。另外,通过引入“有效复用因子”这一量化指标来优化小区内的资源分割,并考察不同的链路带宽分配方案对系统性能的影响。仿真结果显示,采用这些资源分配方案后的中继蜂窝网络相比于传统网络,在小区容量和高速数据率的覆盖范围上的性能都得到较大增益。
路由策略是多跳中继技术研究中不可或缺的关键内容之一,而现有文献对固定两跳中继蜂窝网络绝大部分都采用了比较简单的以用户为中心的路由策略。为了进一步提升中继增强蜂窝网络的性能,在基于复用分割资源分配的框架下,本文提出了以系统为中心的路由策略。同时,把经济学中效用函数的概念引入进来,在兼顾用户满意度和系统性能的情况下,设计了两种快速路由算法来为用户选择合适的接入点(基站或固定中继)。研究表明,相比于简单的如基于距离或路径损耗的路由策略,本文提出的路由算法可以进一步提高小区容量和改善边缘用户的质量。
另外,本文根据半双工FDD模式下的中继蜂窝网络特点设计了MAC帧结构。利用该帧结构的特性,从时域和频域两方面进行联合资源分配,提出一种基于小区间动态复用分割并考虑不同用户抗干扰能力的频谱分配方案。此分配方案通过小区间协作使得频谱资源可以在小区内进一步复用,即达到复用因子小于1的程度,在保证每个用户基本传输速率的要求下,能够更有效地提高频谱利用效率,从而进一步优化系统容量和覆盖范围。
此外,本文还前瞻性地提出了一种可重配置的中继蜂窝网络结构框架和一种基于信道信息的混合式无线资源管理协议框架。这两个提案已申请了发明专利保护。
Higher data rate and ubiquitous coverage are main objectives of future mobile communication systems. To simultaneously satisfy these requirements, the concept of infrastructure-based relaying cellular network was proposed and has been widely believed to be a promising effective solution to above technical challenges.
The benefits of relay enhanced cellular network include: enlarging cell coverage, covering areas otherwise shadowed from BSs, power saving, balancing load between cells, etc. However, the facts of extra radio resource consumption and more complicated interference distribution both caused by relaying nodes, put forward new challenges to radio resource management. This dissertation put the focus of research on radio resource allocation, routing, inter-cell interference management in two-hop fixed relaying cellular networks.
Reuse partitioning is a resource allocation technology which can effectively improve spectrum utilization. The key idea therein is to divide the cell into several concentric zones and assign these zones different frequency reuse factors. This dissertation initiatively introduces the basic concept of reuse partitioning into relay enhanced cellular network. Different resource allocation schemes and routing algorithms are designed to serve two main design objectives, i.e., cell capacity enhancement and high data rate coverage enlargement, from different perspectives including: inter- and intra-cell optimization, static and dynamic resource allocation, presence and absence of cooperation among cells, etc.
In particular, fixed reuse partitioning-based, soft reuse partitioning-based and dynamic reuse partitioning-based inter-cell radio resource allocation schemes are designed. Under these schemes, by optimizing spectrum reuse factors used in base station– mobile station links, base station– relaying node links and relaying node– mobile station links, spectrum resources are utilized effectively and severe inter-cell co-channel interference is mitigated as well. Moreover,“effective reuse factor”is introduced as an index to optimize the intra-cell resource partitioning, and different link bandwidth allocation schemes as well as their impacts on system performance are investigated. Simulation results demonstrate that, in comparison with traditional network, the relay enhanced cellular network adopting these resource allocation schemes obtains higher performance both on cell capacity and high data rate coverage.
Routing is an indispensable issue in research of multihop relay network. However, simple and user-centric routing strategies are applied to fixed relay enhanced cellular network in current literatures. To further improve system performance, system-centric routing mechanisms are proposed under reuse partitioning-based resource allocation framework. In addition, two fast routing algorithms are designed by introducing the concept of utility function, which can jointly consider the degree of user’s satisfaction and system performance. By applying the routing algorithms, each user is assigned an appropriate access point (base station or relaying node). The cell capacity and link qualities of cell edge users are further improved by adopting these routing algorithms in comparison with those simple routing strategies.
Furthermore, a MAC frame structure in half duplex FDD mode-based relay enhanced cellular network is designed, which can enable joint resource allocation from time domain and frequency domain. An inter-cell dynamic reuse partitioning based spectrum allocation scheme is proposed by taking the interference tolerating abilities of different users into account. By the coordination between cells, in this allocation scheme the spectrum resources can be further reused in local cell, which means the reuse factor can be less than 1. Guaranteeing the minimum data rate requirement of each user, this scheme can improve spectrum utilization more efficiently, and consequently further enhance system throughput and coverage
Besides, a reconfigurable multi-hop cellular network architecture framework and a hybrid channel-aware-based radio resource management protocol framework are also proposed creatively in this dissertation. Intellectual property rights have been applied for based on these two proposals.
复用分割是一种能有效提高频谱利用效率的资源分配技术,其核心思想是对不同区域内的用户分配具有不同复用因子的无线资源。本文创新性地将其基本概念引入到固定中继蜂窝网络中,并始终围绕提高小区容量和扩大高数据率的覆盖范围(即改善小区边缘用户的服务质量)这两个主要目标,从小区内和小区间优化、静态和动态资源分配、基站之间无协作和有协作等不同角度,设计不同的频谱分配方案及路由算法来优化系统性能。
具体而言,本文分别提出了小区间基于固定复用分割、软复用分割和动态复用分割的不同资源分配方案。在这些方案中,通过巧妙优化基站到终端用户之间链路、基站到中继之间链路以及中继到用户之间链路频带的复用因子,使得频谱资源得到了有效利用,同时又避免了小区间严重的同频干扰。另外,通过引入“有效复用因子”这一量化指标来优化小区内的资源分割,并考察不同的链路带宽分配方案对系统性能的影响。仿真结果显示,采用这些资源分配方案后的中继蜂窝网络相比于传统网络,在小区容量和高速数据率的覆盖范围上的性能都得到较大增益。
路由策略是多跳中继技术研究中不可或缺的关键内容之一,而现有文献对固定两跳中继蜂窝网络绝大部分都采用了比较简单的以用户为中心的路由策略。为了进一步提升中继增强蜂窝网络的性能,在基于复用分割资源分配的框架下,本文提出了以系统为中心的路由策略。同时,把经济学中效用函数的概念引入进来,在兼顾用户满意度和系统性能的情况下,设计了两种快速路由算法来为用户选择合适的接入点(基站或固定中继)。研究表明,相比于简单的如基于距离或路径损耗的路由策略,本文提出的路由算法可以进一步提高小区容量和改善边缘用户的质量。
另外,本文根据半双工FDD模式下的中继蜂窝网络特点设计了MAC帧结构。利用该帧结构的特性,从时域和频域两方面进行联合资源分配,提出一种基于小区间动态复用分割并考虑不同用户抗干扰能力的频谱分配方案。此分配方案通过小区间协作使得频谱资源可以在小区内进一步复用,即达到复用因子小于1的程度,在保证每个用户基本传输速率的要求下,能够更有效地提高频谱利用效率,从而进一步优化系统容量和覆盖范围。
此外,本文还前瞻性地提出了一种可重配置的中继蜂窝网络结构框架和一种基于信道信息的混合式无线资源管理协议框架。这两个提案已申请了发明专利保护。
Higher data rate and ubiquitous coverage are main objectives of future mobile communication systems. To simultaneously satisfy these requirements, the concept of infrastructure-based relaying cellular network was proposed and has been widely believed to be a promising effective solution to above technical challenges.
The benefits of relay enhanced cellular network include: enlarging cell coverage, covering areas otherwise shadowed from BSs, power saving, balancing load between cells, etc. However, the facts of extra radio resource consumption and more complicated interference distribution both caused by relaying nodes, put forward new challenges to radio resource management. This dissertation put the focus of research on radio resource allocation, routing, inter-cell interference management in two-hop fixed relaying cellular networks.
Reuse partitioning is a resource allocation technology which can effectively improve spectrum utilization. The key idea therein is to divide the cell into several concentric zones and assign these zones different frequency reuse factors. This dissertation initiatively introduces the basic concept of reuse partitioning into relay enhanced cellular network. Different resource allocation schemes and routing algorithms are designed to serve two main design objectives, i.e., cell capacity enhancement and high data rate coverage enlargement, from different perspectives including: inter- and intra-cell optimization, static and dynamic resource allocation, presence and absence of cooperation among cells, etc.
In particular, fixed reuse partitioning-based, soft reuse partitioning-based and dynamic reuse partitioning-based inter-cell radio resource allocation schemes are designed. Under these schemes, by optimizing spectrum reuse factors used in base station– mobile station links, base station– relaying node links and relaying node– mobile station links, spectrum resources are utilized effectively and severe inter-cell co-channel interference is mitigated as well. Moreover,“effective reuse factor”is introduced as an index to optimize the intra-cell resource partitioning, and different link bandwidth allocation schemes as well as their impacts on system performance are investigated. Simulation results demonstrate that, in comparison with traditional network, the relay enhanced cellular network adopting these resource allocation schemes obtains higher performance both on cell capacity and high data rate coverage.
Routing is an indispensable issue in research of multihop relay network. However, simple and user-centric routing strategies are applied to fixed relay enhanced cellular network in current literatures. To further improve system performance, system-centric routing mechanisms are proposed under reuse partitioning-based resource allocation framework. In addition, two fast routing algorithms are designed by introducing the concept of utility function, which can jointly consider the degree of user’s satisfaction and system performance. By applying the routing algorithms, each user is assigned an appropriate access point (base station or relaying node). The cell capacity and link qualities of cell edge users are further improved by adopting these routing algorithms in comparison with those simple routing strategies.
Furthermore, a MAC frame structure in half duplex FDD mode-based relay enhanced cellular network is designed, which can enable joint resource allocation from time domain and frequency domain. An inter-cell dynamic reuse partitioning based spectrum allocation scheme is proposed by taking the interference tolerating abilities of different users into account. By the coordination between cells, in this allocation scheme the spectrum resources can be further reused in local cell, which means the reuse factor can be less than 1. Guaranteeing the minimum data rate requirement of each user, this scheme can improve spectrum utilization more efficiently, and consequently further enhance system throughput and coverage
Besides, a reconfigurable multi-hop cellular network architecture framework and a hybrid channel-aware-based radio resource management protocol framework are also proposed creatively in this dissertation. Intellectual property rights have been applied for based on these two proposals.
引文
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