新型煤矿井下人员定位系统方案设计与实现
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摘要
目前,煤矿开采工作主要是由人工完成,有一定的危险性,各种人为失误或自然环境所造成的矿井重大灾害及伤亡事故时有发生,对矿井下工作人员的人身安全造成了极大的威胁。此外,由于无法确定矿工在井下的具体位置,当矿难发生后,对井下生还人员的搜救工作也变得十分困难。因此,对井下工作人员的实时工作地点信息的采集,以及对井下人员有效的组织管理显得十分重要。尤其是当发生灾难性的事故时,通过已获取的井下人员精确定位信息,救援队伍可以准确及时地到达受困人员所在的灾难现场来实施救援工作。但是,由于煤矿井下特殊的生产环境,目前还没有很好的定位方法来获得精确的人员位置信息。
本文针对煤矿井下特殊的生产环境情况,在介绍了传统的定位系统及定位技术的基础上提出了一种将反向射频识别技术和WiFi技术结合的新型煤矿井下人员精确定位系统。文中提出的井下精确定位系统的核心思想是采用射频数字识别技术把煤矿井下的地理位置进行数字信息化,数字化地理位置信息的精度可以达到米级的量级,再通过工作人员携带的定位终端读取准确的地理位置信息,将地理信息和终端所存储的个人信息利用无线传输方式发送至井上的服务器进行分析识别,从而实现对煤矿井下工作人员的精确定位以及对煤矿安全生产工作有效的组织和管理。
该系统主要由“井下定位信息采集终端”和“井上定位信息处理系统”两个部分组成。本文主要完成了井下人员定位系统的总体方案设计,同时完成了定位信息采集终端的设计与实现。详细给出了从方案设计到芯片选型,再到软件流程图和硬件原理图的详细内容。并列出了定位终端的主要信令软件流程图。最后,进行了PCB制图,将软件代码在终端上进行了测试,实现了本系统的设计要求。
Presently, mine working is mainly finished by labors. When human errors or naturaldisasters happened, the accidents could be terribly threatened to human safety. Besides, itwould be difficult to rescue the trapped workers when the precise locations of them were notmeasured. Consequently, collecting the precise location of workers and managing workersefficiently become more and more important. Especially when the disastrous accidentshappen, rescue team can arrive to the places of trapped workers on time when the preciselocation information is acknowledged. However, because of the special environment of mine,there are no good methods to get the precise information of mine workers.
The paper, based on the special environment of mine, introduces traditional locationtechnology and raises a new mine workers' precise location system combined by backwardRFID and WiFi technology. The core content of the precise location system is to equip themine with RFID technology. The precision of the geographical position can be metermagnitude. Then the information of the geographical position can be read by the worker'sterminal. The terminal will transfer the information to the server in the upper side of minewith wireless technology to analyze it. Consequently, the precise location of miner workersand the organization and management of mine work are realized efficiently.
The system is constituted by the worker's terminal and information analysis system. Thepaper mainly includes the overall design of the system, the design and implementation ofmine workers' precise location terminals. The paper also includes the details from plan designto chip selection. The software flow patterns, the hardware schematic and some importantcommands' flow patterns are also described. The PCB of the terminal is finished and thesoftware code is tested on the demo circuit board. The results meet the system's demand.
本文针对煤矿井下特殊的生产环境情况,在介绍了传统的定位系统及定位技术的基础上提出了一种将反向射频识别技术和WiFi技术结合的新型煤矿井下人员精确定位系统。文中提出的井下精确定位系统的核心思想是采用射频数字识别技术把煤矿井下的地理位置进行数字信息化,数字化地理位置信息的精度可以达到米级的量级,再通过工作人员携带的定位终端读取准确的地理位置信息,将地理信息和终端所存储的个人信息利用无线传输方式发送至井上的服务器进行分析识别,从而实现对煤矿井下工作人员的精确定位以及对煤矿安全生产工作有效的组织和管理。
该系统主要由“井下定位信息采集终端”和“井上定位信息处理系统”两个部分组成。本文主要完成了井下人员定位系统的总体方案设计,同时完成了定位信息采集终端的设计与实现。详细给出了从方案设计到芯片选型,再到软件流程图和硬件原理图的详细内容。并列出了定位终端的主要信令软件流程图。最后,进行了PCB制图,将软件代码在终端上进行了测试,实现了本系统的设计要求。
Presently, mine working is mainly finished by labors. When human errors or naturaldisasters happened, the accidents could be terribly threatened to human safety. Besides, itwould be difficult to rescue the trapped workers when the precise locations of them were notmeasured. Consequently, collecting the precise location of workers and managing workersefficiently become more and more important. Especially when the disastrous accidentshappen, rescue team can arrive to the places of trapped workers on time when the preciselocation information is acknowledged. However, because of the special environment of mine,there are no good methods to get the precise information of mine workers.
The paper, based on the special environment of mine, introduces traditional locationtechnology and raises a new mine workers' precise location system combined by backwardRFID and WiFi technology. The core content of the precise location system is to equip themine with RFID technology. The precision of the geographical position can be metermagnitude. Then the information of the geographical position can be read by the worker'sterminal. The terminal will transfer the information to the server in the upper side of minewith wireless technology to analyze it. Consequently, the precise location of miner workersand the organization and management of mine work are realized efficiently.
The system is constituted by the worker's terminal and information analysis system. Thepaper mainly includes the overall design of the system, the design and implementation ofmine workers' precise location terminals. The paper also includes the details from plan designto chip selection. The software flow patterns, the hardware schematic and some importantcommands' flow patterns are also described. The PCB of the terminal is finished and thesoftware code is tested on the demo circuit board. The results meet the system's demand.
引文
[1]徐立军,基于RFID的煤矿井下人员定位系统,辽宁工程技术大学,硕士研究论文.2007.
[2]张平方,无线电漏泄通信技术在煤矿井下的应用和展望[J].煤矿机械,2003.
[3] Jones, B. New technology provides effective communications for underground rescueoperations[J]. Coal International (Redhill, England), v246,n5,Sep,1998,p171-174.
[4]王宇,刘勇.盘江矿区煤矿井下人员定位系统设计初探.贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版),2005.4.
[5]李学来,胡敬东.煤矿应急救援技术的研究与应用现状[J].煤炭工程,2005,4(24):62~64.
[6]胡敬东,李学来,刘凤茹.煤矿应急救援技术研究若干新进展[J].煤矿安全,2005,5(36):33~35.
[7]张莉,近距离无线通信技术及应用前景[J].电信技术,2005,11:9~11.
[8]陆端,RFID技术在矿井人员定位中的应用研究,江苏大学,硕士研究论文.2007.
[9]游战清,李苏剑等.无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用电子工业出版社,2004.10.1:28-31、93.
[10]Shailesh M. Birari．Reader collision Problem in RFID Networks with Mobile Readers．Master Dissertation.2005
[11]Koster, Arie M.C.A.Frequency Assignment-Models and A1gorithms．PhD thesis，Maastricht University.1999
[12]J．Waldrop,D.W.Engels,and S.E．Sarma.Colorwave：A.n anti-collison algorithm for thereader co11ision problem.In IEEE Wireless Communications and Networkingconference(WCNC)，2003
[13]初建朋,射频识别系统及其数据安全性的研究,华东师范大学,硕士研究论文.2002.
[14]唐忠平,射频识别系统中数据传输完整性的研究,广东工业大学,硕士研究论文,2004.
[15]A basic introduction to RFID technology and its use in supply chain.Technical report,Laran Technologies, January 2004
[16]Junius K Ho. Solving the reader collision problem with a hierarchicalq-learningalgorithm. Master’s thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February. 2003
[17]Prashant Krishnamurthy Kaveh Pahlavan.Principles of Wireless Networks.PearsonEducation.2002
[18]IEEE Computer Society LAN MAN Standards Committee.Wireless LAN MediumAccessControl (MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY)Specifications.In ANSI／IEEEStd.802.11,1999Edition,The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.NewYork.1999
[19]IEEE-SA Standards Board.Part11:Wireless LAN Medium Aeeess Control(MAC) andPhysical Layer(PHY) Specifications. LAN MAN Standards Committee of the IEEEComputer Society,2003.6
[20]Eviennet.Reseaux Locaux Sans Fils IEEE802.11.Department GTR.LiceneeProfessionnelle Securite Reseaux,2004.2
[21]盛蕾,WiFi网络研究及基于Linux的测试平台的实现,同济大学,硕士研究论文.2007.
[22]爆炸性气体环境用电气设备通用要求.
[23]Wen-Tzu Chen, Guan-Hung Lin. An efficient anti-collision method for tag identificationin a RFID system [J]. IEICE Transactions on Communications. 2006, 12: 3386-3392
[24]http://subject.it168.com/article/articleview.aspx
[25]http://forum.eepw.com.cn/thread/113422/1
[26]徐建平,仪表本安防爆技术.机械工业出版社,2002.
[27]汤申波,矿山应急救援环境检测子系统研究与实现,西安科技大学,硕士研究论文.2007.
[28]AQ6201-2006,煤矿安全监控系统通用技术要求[S].
[29]MT/T899-2000,煤矿用信息传输装置目录[S].
[30]MT 209—90,煤矿通信、检测、控制用电工电子产品通用技术要求[S].
[31]GB3836.1,爆炸性气体环境用电气设备第1部分:通用要求[S].
[32]Klaus Finkenzeller著,陈大才编译,射频识别(RFID)技术北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[33]M N Nabighian. Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics.Vol.1[M]:Soc.Expl.Geophys.1988
[34]R.W.King, G S. Smith. Antennas in Matter, The MIT Press, 1981Circuits.Vol.32.NO.l2.Dec.1997.
[35]张平,王卫东,陶小峰,王莹等编著WCDMA移动通信系统北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.
[36]丁飞,张西良,张世庆,王涛.ZigBee技术的硬件实现模式分析[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,(09).
[37]王庆华,屈玉贵,赵保华,洪飞.无线传感器开发系统的设计及实现[J].电子技术应用,2006,(06).
[38]于兴启,蒋纯波,赵继军等.一种新型射频识别天线的近场分析及应用[J].北京邮电大学学报，2001：24（3）：31-35.
[39]刘玫,李辉,顾亮.射频识别技术软硬件系统研制[J].电子技术2002,3:29-32.
[40]P. Hawkes. Anti-collision and Transponder Selection Methods forGrouped-Vicinity-Cards and RFID tages, RFID Technology (Ref. No. 1999/123), IEEEColloquiumon, 25 Oct. 1999,Pages:7/1-7/12.
[2]张平方,无线电漏泄通信技术在煤矿井下的应用和展望[J].煤矿机械,2003.
[3] Jones, B. New technology provides effective communications for underground rescueoperations[J]. Coal International (Redhill, England), v246,n5,Sep,1998,p171-174.
[4]王宇,刘勇.盘江矿区煤矿井下人员定位系统设计初探.贵州工业大学学报(自然科学版),2005.4.
[5]李学来,胡敬东.煤矿应急救援技术的研究与应用现状[J].煤炭工程,2005,4(24):62~64.
[6]胡敬东,李学来,刘凤茹.煤矿应急救援技术研究若干新进展[J].煤矿安全,2005,5(36):33~35.
[7]张莉,近距离无线通信技术及应用前景[J].电信技术,2005,11:9~11.
[8]陆端,RFID技术在矿井人员定位中的应用研究,江苏大学,硕士研究论文.2007.
[9]游战清,李苏剑等.无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用电子工业出版社,2004.10.1:28-31、93.
[10]Shailesh M. Birari．Reader collision Problem in RFID Networks with Mobile Readers．Master Dissertation.2005
[11]Koster, Arie M.C.A.Frequency Assignment-Models and A1gorithms．PhD thesis，Maastricht University.1999
[12]J．Waldrop,D.W.Engels,and S.E．Sarma.Colorwave：A.n anti-collison algorithm for thereader co11ision problem.In IEEE Wireless Communications and Networkingconference(WCNC)，2003
[13]初建朋,射频识别系统及其数据安全性的研究,华东师范大学,硕士研究论文.2002.
[14]唐忠平,射频识别系统中数据传输完整性的研究,广东工业大学,硕士研究论文,2004.
[15]A basic introduction to RFID technology and its use in supply chain.Technical report,Laran Technologies, January 2004
[16]Junius K Ho. Solving the reader collision problem with a hierarchicalq-learningalgorithm. Master’s thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, February. 2003
[17]Prashant Krishnamurthy Kaveh Pahlavan.Principles of Wireless Networks.PearsonEducation.2002
[18]IEEE Computer Society LAN MAN Standards Committee.Wireless LAN MediumAccessControl (MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY)Specifications.In ANSI／IEEEStd.802.11,1999Edition,The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.NewYork.1999
[19]IEEE-SA Standards Board.Part11:Wireless LAN Medium Aeeess Control(MAC) andPhysical Layer(PHY) Specifications. LAN MAN Standards Committee of the IEEEComputer Society,2003.6
[20]Eviennet.Reseaux Locaux Sans Fils IEEE802.11.Department GTR.LiceneeProfessionnelle Securite Reseaux,2004.2
[21]盛蕾,WiFi网络研究及基于Linux的测试平台的实现,同济大学,硕士研究论文.2007.
[22]爆炸性气体环境用电气设备通用要求.
[23]Wen-Tzu Chen, Guan-Hung Lin. An efficient anti-collision method for tag identificationin a RFID system [J]. IEICE Transactions on Communications. 2006, 12: 3386-3392
[24]http://subject.it168.com/article/articleview.aspx
[25]http://forum.eepw.com.cn/thread/113422/1
[26]徐建平,仪表本安防爆技术.机械工业出版社,2002.
[27]汤申波,矿山应急救援环境检测子系统研究与实现,西安科技大学,硕士研究论文.2007.
[28]AQ6201-2006,煤矿安全监控系统通用技术要求[S].
[29]MT/T899-2000,煤矿用信息传输装置目录[S].
[30]MT 209—90,煤矿通信、检测、控制用电工电子产品通用技术要求[S].
[31]GB3836.1,爆炸性气体环境用电气设备第1部分:通用要求[S].
[32]Klaus Finkenzeller著,陈大才编译,射频识别(RFID)技术北京:电子工业出版社,2001.
[33]M N Nabighian. Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics.Vol.1[M]:Soc.Expl.Geophys.1988
[34]R.W.King, G S. Smith. Antennas in Matter, The MIT Press, 1981Circuits.Vol.32.NO.l2.Dec.1997.
[35]张平,王卫东,陶小峰,王莹等编著WCDMA移动通信系统北京:人民邮电出版社,2004.
[36]丁飞,张西良,张世庆,王涛.ZigBee技术的硬件实现模式分析[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006,(09).
[37]王庆华,屈玉贵,赵保华,洪飞.无线传感器开发系统的设计及实现[J].电子技术应用,2006,(06).
[38]于兴启,蒋纯波,赵继军等.一种新型射频识别天线的近场分析及应用[J].北京邮电大学学报，2001：24（3）：31-35.
[39]刘玫,李辉,顾亮.射频识别技术软硬件系统研制[J].电子技术2002,3:29-32.
[40]P. Hawkes. Anti-collision and Transponder Selection Methods forGrouped-Vicinity-Cards and RFID tages, RFID Technology (Ref. No. 1999/123), IEEEColloquiumon, 25 Oct. 1999,Pages:7/1-7/12.