中国传统发酵豆制品中毛霉的分离及性质研究
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摘要
本实验对从自然发酵生产豆制品中分离产蛋白酶菌株,并对其蛋白酶的酶学性质及对豆腐发酵变化进行了探讨。
     研究结果表明:初步筛选得到4株产蛋白酶的菌株,其中产蛋白酶活力较高的是M2菌株,M1菌株的酶活力最低。经菌株稳定性试验表明,M2菌株的传代稳定性较好。对M2菌株进行简单的实验室鉴定,根据菌落形态观察,个体形态观察和扫描电镜分析,初步将该菌株归为真菌门(Fungi)、藻菌纲(Phycomycetes)、毛霉目(Mucorales)、毛霉科(Mucoraceae)、毛霉属(Mucor Micheli ex Fries)。
     在温度28℃、初始pH 5.0、接种量2%、装液量100 mL和转速150 r/min的条件下,有利于M2菌株蛋白酶的生产。M2菌株产的蛋白酶可能是含多种蛋白酶的复合酶系,以酸性蛋白酶为主,最适作用pH为4,最适作用温度为55℃。在4℃、pH为5~6时,蛋白酶有着较好的稳定性。一些常见的金属离子对毛霉蛋白酶活性有一定的影响,在5.0 mmol/L的浓度下,Mn2+、Ca2+、Mg2+对蛋白酶有较强的活化作用,而Zn2+、Fe2+、Fe3+对蛋白酶有一定的抑制作用。低浓度的NaCl有激活作用但在高浓度下产生抑制作用。该酶的分子量在30 KD以上。
     利用质构仪和扫描电子显微镜研究毛霉发酵豆腐的质构和微观结构,通过电泳分析豆腐的蛋白质水解情况,并与未发酵豆腐经行对比。结果表明,与未发酵豆腐相比,发酵豆腐的硬度和黏性增大,内聚性和弹性减小。其微观结构较均匀致密。电泳分析和微结构分析均显示出大分子量的蛋白质在豆腐发酵过程中的降解。
A protease producting strain was isolated from a traditional fermented soy product. The characteristic of the protease and the change of fermented tofu by the strain were studied in this research.
     The results of the experiments showed that the highest protease activity is M2 strain and the lowest protease activity is M1. M2 strain showed a good heredity stability by stability study. M2 strain is belonged to Fungi, Phycomycetes,Mucorales,Mucoraceae,Mucor Micheli ex Fries by lab identify according to colony form, micro observation and scanning electron microscope.
     The results showed that M2 strain can produce protease well at 28℃、initial pH 5.0、liquid volume 100 mL and on a rotary shaker with a speed of 150 r/min. The protease of M2 strain producted is maybe protease compound, basis is acidic protease, the ideal conditions for the protease activity were pH 4、55℃. and had good stability in pH 5~6 and 4℃. Some metal ions had influence on protease activity. Mn2+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ could activate protease activity but Zn2+, Fe2+, and Fe3+ could inhibit protease activity at level of 5.0 mmol/L. Meanwhile NaCl showed an activation effect at low level but an inhibitory effect at high level. The protease MWs were above 30KD.
     The texture and microstructure of fermented tofu by Mucor were studied by texture analyer and scanning electronmicroscopy (SEM). Proteolysis of tofu was analyzed by SDS-PEGA electrophoresis with unfermented tofu as a control. The TPA profiles showed that hardness and adhesiveness of fermented tofu were increased while the cohesiveness and springiness were reduced. The microstructure of fermented tofu was homogeneous. Results from SDS-PEGA analysis and microstructure analysis all indicated that proteins were degraded during tofu fermentation.
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