内蒙古典型草原放牧绵羊牧食行为和采食量及消化率
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摘要
本研究于2008年7~2009年9月,在锡林郭勒盟典型草原巴音希勒牧场,以2岁绵羊为试验动物,观察其牧食行为的基础上,利用TiO2指示剂测定了绵羊采食量,采用粪氮指数法测定了牧草消化率。论文所研究的问题是草畜耦合的核心,对科学制定当地的载畜量,优化放牧管理具有重要意义。主要研究结果如下:
1.不同放牧强度下随着放牧强度的增加,绵羊采食时间逐渐增大,反刍、休息和行走时间逐渐减少。放牧强度9.0只羊/hm2的绵羊采食时间显著大于放牧强度1.5只羊/hm2、放牧强度3.0只羊/hm2和放牧强度6.0只羊/hm2。放牧强度6.0只羊/hm2的绵羊的饮水、舔盐砖时间显著大于放牧强度1.5只羊/hm2、放牧强度3.0只羊/hm2和放牧强度9.0只羊/hm2。
2.相同放牧强度的季节性连续放牧和划区轮牧制度下,季节性连续放牧区绵羊的采食时间和饮水、舔盐砖时间显著大于划区轮牧。
3.不同放牧强度下,绵羊的排粪量随着放牧强度的增加而减少。放牧强度4.5只羊/hm2的绵羊的排粪量显著大于放牧强度6.0只羊/hm2、放牧强度7.5只羊/hm2和放牧强度9.0只羊/hm2。放牧强度3.0只羊/hm2的绵羊的排粪量显著大于放牧强度9.0只羊/hm2。在2种放牧制度下,季节性连续放牧的绵羊的排粪量大于划区轮牧。
4.不同放牧强度下绵羊采食量,随着放牧强度的增加而降低。绵羊采食量大小关系为:放牧强度4.5只羊/hm2 >3.0只羊/hm2 >1.5只羊/hm2>7.5只羊/hm2 >6.0只羊/hm2 >9.0只羊/hm2。放牧强度3.0只羊/hm2和放牧强度4.5只羊/hm2的绵羊的采食量显著大于放牧强度6.0只羊/hm2、放牧强度7.5只羊/hm2和放牧强度9.0只羊/hm2。在2种放牧制度下,季节性连续放牧的绵羊的采食量大于划区轮牧。
5.不同放牧强度下,随着放牧强度的增加,绵羊对牧草的消化率具有上升趋势。牧草消化率大小关系为:放牧强度9.0只羊/hm2 >4.5只羊/hm2 >6.0只羊/hm2>7.5只羊/hm2 >1.5只羊/hm2 >3.0只羊/hm2。在2种放牧制度下,季节性连续放牧的牧草消化率大于划区轮牧。
The study based on the direct observation of grazing behavior and fecal crude protein method and TiO2 external marker to evaluate the impact of different grazing intensities and different grazing systems on grazing sheep in Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station in July ,2008~September, 2009. The results showed that:
1. At six grazing intensities, sheep′s grazing time increased and ruminating, resting and walking time decreased as grazing intensities increased. The grazing time of grazing intensity 9.0 sheep/hm2 was significantly bigger than grazing intensity 1.5 sheep/hm2, grazing intensity 3.0 sheep/hm2 and grazing intensity 6.0 sheep/hm2。The water and salt time of grazing intensity 6.0 sheep/hm2 was significantly bigger than grazing intensity 1.5 sheep/hm2, grazing intensity 3.0 sheep/hm2 and grazing intensity 9.0 sheep/hm2.
2. Comparing with the continuous gazing system and rotational grazing system, the grazing time and eating salt and drinking water time of continuous gazing system was significantly bigger than rotational grazing system.
3. At six grazing intensities, sheep′s fecal output decreased as grazing intensities increased.The fecal output of grazing intensity 6.0 sheep/hm2 was significantly bigger than grazing intensity 6.0sheep/hm2, grazing intensity 7.5 sheep/hm2 and grazing intensity 9.0 sheep/hm2. The fecal output of grazing intensity 3.0 sheep/hm2 was significantly bigger than grazing intensity 9.0sheep/hm2. The fecal output of continuous gazing system was bigger than rotational grazing system.The water and salt time of grazing intensity 6.0 sheep/hm2 was bigger than grazing intensity 1.5 sheep/hm2, grazing intensity 3.0 sheep/hm2 and grazing intensity 9.0 sheep/hm2.
4. At six grazing intensities, sheep′s herbage intake decreased as grazing intensities increased.The relationship among the herbage intake at at six grazing intensities was: grazing intensity 4.5 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 3.0 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity1.5 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 7.5 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 6.0 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 9.0 sheep/hm2. The herbage intake of grazing intensity 3.0 sheep/hm2 and grazing intensity 4.5 sheep/hm2was significantly bigger than grazing intensity 6.0 sheep/hm2, grazing intensity 7.5 sheep/hm2 and grazing intensity 9.0 sheep/hm2。The herbage intake of continuous gazing system was bigger than rotational grazing system.
5. At six grazing intensities, sheep′s digestibility increased as grazing intensities increased. The relationship among the herbage digestibility at at six grazing intensities was: grazing intensity 9.0 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 4.5 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity6.0 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 7.5 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 1.5sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 3.0 sheep/hm2.The herbage digestibility of continous grazing was bigger than rotational grazing.
1.不同放牧强度下随着放牧强度的增加,绵羊采食时间逐渐增大,反刍、休息和行走时间逐渐减少。放牧强度9.0只羊/hm2的绵羊采食时间显著大于放牧强度1.5只羊/hm2、放牧强度3.0只羊/hm2和放牧强度6.0只羊/hm2。放牧强度6.0只羊/hm2的绵羊的饮水、舔盐砖时间显著大于放牧强度1.5只羊/hm2、放牧强度3.0只羊/hm2和放牧强度9.0只羊/hm2。
2.相同放牧强度的季节性连续放牧和划区轮牧制度下,季节性连续放牧区绵羊的采食时间和饮水、舔盐砖时间显著大于划区轮牧。
3.不同放牧强度下,绵羊的排粪量随着放牧强度的增加而减少。放牧强度4.5只羊/hm2的绵羊的排粪量显著大于放牧强度6.0只羊/hm2、放牧强度7.5只羊/hm2和放牧强度9.0只羊/hm2。放牧强度3.0只羊/hm2的绵羊的排粪量显著大于放牧强度9.0只羊/hm2。在2种放牧制度下,季节性连续放牧的绵羊的排粪量大于划区轮牧。
4.不同放牧强度下绵羊采食量,随着放牧强度的增加而降低。绵羊采食量大小关系为:放牧强度4.5只羊/hm2 >3.0只羊/hm2 >1.5只羊/hm2>7.5只羊/hm2 >6.0只羊/hm2 >9.0只羊/hm2。放牧强度3.0只羊/hm2和放牧强度4.5只羊/hm2的绵羊的采食量显著大于放牧强度6.0只羊/hm2、放牧强度7.5只羊/hm2和放牧强度9.0只羊/hm2。在2种放牧制度下,季节性连续放牧的绵羊的采食量大于划区轮牧。
5.不同放牧强度下,随着放牧强度的增加,绵羊对牧草的消化率具有上升趋势。牧草消化率大小关系为:放牧强度9.0只羊/hm2 >4.5只羊/hm2 >6.0只羊/hm2>7.5只羊/hm2 >1.5只羊/hm2 >3.0只羊/hm2。在2种放牧制度下,季节性连续放牧的牧草消化率大于划区轮牧。
The study based on the direct observation of grazing behavior and fecal crude protein method and TiO2 external marker to evaluate the impact of different grazing intensities and different grazing systems on grazing sheep in Inner Mongolia Grassland Ecosystem Research Station in July ,2008~September, 2009. The results showed that:
1. At six grazing intensities, sheep′s grazing time increased and ruminating, resting and walking time decreased as grazing intensities increased. The grazing time of grazing intensity 9.0 sheep/hm2 was significantly bigger than grazing intensity 1.5 sheep/hm2, grazing intensity 3.0 sheep/hm2 and grazing intensity 6.0 sheep/hm2。The water and salt time of grazing intensity 6.0 sheep/hm2 was significantly bigger than grazing intensity 1.5 sheep/hm2, grazing intensity 3.0 sheep/hm2 and grazing intensity 9.0 sheep/hm2.
2. Comparing with the continuous gazing system and rotational grazing system, the grazing time and eating salt and drinking water time of continuous gazing system was significantly bigger than rotational grazing system.
3. At six grazing intensities, sheep′s fecal output decreased as grazing intensities increased.The fecal output of grazing intensity 6.0 sheep/hm2 was significantly bigger than grazing intensity 6.0sheep/hm2, grazing intensity 7.5 sheep/hm2 and grazing intensity 9.0 sheep/hm2. The fecal output of grazing intensity 3.0 sheep/hm2 was significantly bigger than grazing intensity 9.0sheep/hm2. The fecal output of continuous gazing system was bigger than rotational grazing system.The water and salt time of grazing intensity 6.0 sheep/hm2 was bigger than grazing intensity 1.5 sheep/hm2, grazing intensity 3.0 sheep/hm2 and grazing intensity 9.0 sheep/hm2.
4. At six grazing intensities, sheep′s herbage intake decreased as grazing intensities increased.The relationship among the herbage intake at at six grazing intensities was: grazing intensity 4.5 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 3.0 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity1.5 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 7.5 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 6.0 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 9.0 sheep/hm2. The herbage intake of grazing intensity 3.0 sheep/hm2 and grazing intensity 4.5 sheep/hm2was significantly bigger than grazing intensity 6.0 sheep/hm2, grazing intensity 7.5 sheep/hm2 and grazing intensity 9.0 sheep/hm2。The herbage intake of continuous gazing system was bigger than rotational grazing system.
5. At six grazing intensities, sheep′s digestibility increased as grazing intensities increased. The relationship among the herbage digestibility at at six grazing intensities was: grazing intensity 9.0 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 4.5 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity6.0 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 7.5 sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 1.5sheep/hm2 > grazing intensity 3.0 sheep/hm2.The herbage digestibility of continous grazing was bigger than rotational grazing.
引文
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