上海市部分中学生体力活动和静态生活现状调查及影响因素的研究
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摘要
研究目的：
调查上海市部分中学生体力活动和静态生活现状,根据社会生态模型和社会认知理论,从社会支持、环境以及运动自我效能三个方面了解其对儿童少年的体力活动和静态生活的影响,以期为儿童少年体力活动的增加,静态生活的减少,体质的提高提供一定的科学依据。
研究方法：
采用分层整群随机抽样调查的方法抽取了上海市四个区(奉贤区、闵行区、徐汇区、闸北区)初中、高中共2588名学生参与本次问卷调查,回收有效问卷2553份。本次调查采用了两份问卷,体力活动问卷选用了由澳洲Deakin大学审核,香港中文大学翻译和修订的CLASS-C问卷的自填式部分对其进行相应修订后获得的问卷。学生日常生活习惯的调查选用了全国学生体质健康监测所用的《学生体质健康监测调查问卷》。用EpiDate3.0软件进行数据二次录入并进行逻辑校对,用SPSS13.0统计软件进行数据分析与统计。
研究结果：
1、CLASS-C问卷的重测信度检验中,不同强度时间的Spearman相关系数在0.81-0.88之间(P<0.01),组内相关系数ICC值0.82-0.89；静态时间的Spearman相关系数为0.82-0.85(P<0.01),ICC值0.82-0.84。效度检验中,CLASS-C与运动传感器测量的能量消耗相比较,周一至周五Spearman相关系数为0.31-0.47,周末Spearman相关系数为0.32-0.48(P<0.05)。
2、体力活动中,11-18岁青少年周一至周五、周末的MPA分别为51.4 min/d, 45.3 min/d;VPA分别为22.1 min/d,25.5 min/d,男女生在体力活动时间上无显著差异。静态生活时间上,11-18岁青少年周一至周五、周末的静态时间分别为8.8h／d,7.7h／d,随着年龄的增长静态时间呈增长趋势,并且女生静态时间总体高于男生。BMI与静态时间存在显著正相关。
3、社会支持因素中,器材支持上,运动器材的拥有与体力活动和静态时间无相关,男生器材拥有率显著高于女生(P<0.01)；言语鼓励上,父母朋友的鼓励与体力活动无相关,但与周一至周五的静态时间呈显著负相关(P<0.05)；行为支持上,没有人一起活动与一周的VPA存在显著负相关(P<0.05),与周一至周五的静态时间存在显著正相关(P<0.01),和家人一起活动与一周的MVPA和MPA呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而和家人一起看电视与周末和一周的静态时间存在显著正相关(P<0.01),男生选择和邻居一起活动的比例显著高于女生(P<0.05),女生选择和家人一起运动、一起看电视的比例显著高于男生(P<0.01)。4、环境因素中,活动设施上,家庭器材的拥有和公共运动场所的存在与体力活动和静态生活时间均无相关,男生对于运动场地的感知显著高于女生(P<0.05)；交通设施上,马路上有人行道与周末的MPA存在显著负相关,与静态时间存在显著正相关(P<0.01)；安全状况上,道路交通秩序和担心陌生人威胁安全与体力活动和静态时间均无相关,但男生担心陌生人威胁安全显著高于女生(P<0.05)。
5、运动自我效能上,是否有擅长的活动与周一至周五和一周的MVPA, VPA存在显著正相关,与一周的静态时间存在显著负相关,且均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),并且对其周围环境中运动场所和运动伙伴的感知存在显著差异(P<0.01)。男生运动自我效能显著高于女生。
6、生活习惯和交通方式上,睡觉时间与周一至周五和一周的MPA存在显著负相关,随着睡觉时间的推迟,周一至周五和一周的静态时间也逐渐增加。骑车和步行与一周的MVPA和MPA存在非常显著的正相关。而坐私家车与一周的MPA存在非常显著的负相关。
研究结论：
1、修订后的CLASS-C问卷经信效度检验显示其有较好的信效度,可用于儿童少年日常体力活动和静态生活的大样本调查。
2、66.5%的儿童少年达到了“每天活动一小时”的要求。但大强度的体力活动时间仍然较少。一周中,上课和做作业这两项占全部静态时间的72.8%。看电视、上网是主要的闲暇静态活动方式。静态生活比体力活动更能影响BMI。
3、父母对女生的体力活动和静态生活有更大的影响；邻居等居住地附近活动伙伴对男生的影响较大。
4、家庭和社会的支持可以促进青少年的体力活动的增加,静态生活时间的减少,而且父母对其生活方式有着重要的影响。父母应增加在儿童少年体力活动中的参与,以及减少自身静态生活时间,以此来影响儿少的体力活动和静态生活。
5、运动自我效能对体力活动和静态生活、社会支持、周围环境的感知均有着显著的影响,可将提高运动自我效能作为提高青少年体力活动参与的干预手段。
Objective:
To investigate the status of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior of partial high school students in Shanghai, study the influences of social support, environment and self-efficacy on PA and sedentary behavior according to the Socio-ecological Framework and Social Cognitive Theory, and to provide scientific basis for further intervention to improve children and adolescents'PA and reduce sedentary behavior.
Method:
Four districts of Shanghai were selected with stratified cluster sampling, including 2588 junior and senior high school students with 2553 valid questionnaires. The survey includes two questionnaires. One is The Children's Leisure Activity Study Survey Chinese vision for evaluating PA and sedentary behavior, and another is National Student Physical Health Survey for researching daily life behavior. EpiData3.0 was used for double data entering and logical checking. All data used SPSS 13.0 statistical software for processing.
Results:
1、In the test of reliability and validity shows, Spearman coefficient of correlation of Test-retest reliability of CLASS-C in different intensity is 0.81-0.88, ICC is 0.82-0.89; Spearman coefficient of correlation of sedentary behavior is 0.82-0.85, ICC is 0.82-0.84. In validity test, comparing CLASS-C to SWA, the Spearman coefficient of correlation in weekday and weekend is 0.31-0.47 and 0.32-0.48.
2、In this study, the average time of Moderate Physical Activity (MPA) and Vigorous Physical Activity (VPA) of weekday and weekend separately is 51.4min/d,45.3min/d, and 22.1min/d,25.5min/d of boys and girls aged 11-18. There is no significant difference between boys and girls in the time of different intensity of physical activity. In sedentary behavior, the average time of weekday and weekend separately is 8.8h/d and 7.7h/d. The time of sedentary behavior increases with the age grows, and girls have more sedentary time than boys. Compare with physical activity, only sedentary behaviors has positive correlation with BMI.
3、In social support, boys on perception of sports equipment ownership rate and partners are significantly higher than girls. The proportions of girls taking part in sports and watching TV with their families are higher than the ones of boys. In different age groups, the proportions of junior groups having sports equipment ownership rate, encouraging from family and taking part in sports with their families and neighbors, watching TV and doing homework with families are higher than senior groups. The one who selects to do activity with families has more time in Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) and MPV in one week. Encouraging from families and friends has negative correlation with the time of weekday sedentary behavior. And watching with families has positive correlation with the time of sedentary behavior of weekend.
4、In environmental factors, the proportion of boys on perception of sport facilities and partners and intimidating from strangers are significantly higher than girls. The proportions of senior groups having sidewalk in streets around house and fearing of intimidation from strangers are higher than junior groups.
5、Boys and junior groups have higher exercise self-efficacy. The ones with different self-efficacy have significant different in perception of sports facilities and partners, and have significant positive correlation with MVPA and VPA of one week, and negative correlation with sedentary behavior.
6、The time of sleeping has significant negative correlation with weekday and one week MPA. And with the time of sleeping delay, the time of sedentary is increasing. Cycling and walking to school has significant positive correlation with MVPA and VPA of one week.
Conclusions:
1、The amendment of CLASS-C has high reliability and validity, and could be used as an easily administrated tool to identify the physical activity and sedentary behavior in Chinese children and adolescents.
2、66.5% of children and adolescents have reached the recommended 60 minutes of MVPA per day. But the VPA is less than others. Having classes and doing homework account for 72.8% of the whole time of sedentary behavior. Watching TV and surfing the Internet are the main leisure sedentary behaviors. Sedentary behavior has more effect on BMI.
3、Parents have more influence on girl's PA and sedentary behaviors, and neighbors have more effects on boy.
4、Family and social support can promote the increasing of physical activities and decreasing of sedentary behavior of adolescents. Parents have important influence on children's lifestyle.
5、Self-efficacy has significant effect on adolescent's participation in physical activity and sedentary behavior, as well as the perceptions of social support and surrounding environment.
调查上海市部分中学生体力活动和静态生活现状,根据社会生态模型和社会认知理论,从社会支持、环境以及运动自我效能三个方面了解其对儿童少年的体力活动和静态生活的影响,以期为儿童少年体力活动的增加,静态生活的减少,体质的提高提供一定的科学依据。
研究方法：
采用分层整群随机抽样调查的方法抽取了上海市四个区(奉贤区、闵行区、徐汇区、闸北区)初中、高中共2588名学生参与本次问卷调查,回收有效问卷2553份。本次调查采用了两份问卷,体力活动问卷选用了由澳洲Deakin大学审核,香港中文大学翻译和修订的CLASS-C问卷的自填式部分对其进行相应修订后获得的问卷。学生日常生活习惯的调查选用了全国学生体质健康监测所用的《学生体质健康监测调查问卷》。用EpiDate3.0软件进行数据二次录入并进行逻辑校对,用SPSS13.0统计软件进行数据分析与统计。
研究结果：
1、CLASS-C问卷的重测信度检验中,不同强度时间的Spearman相关系数在0.81-0.88之间(P<0.01),组内相关系数ICC值0.82-0.89；静态时间的Spearman相关系数为0.82-0.85(P<0.01),ICC值0.82-0.84。效度检验中,CLASS-C与运动传感器测量的能量消耗相比较,周一至周五Spearman相关系数为0.31-0.47,周末Spearman相关系数为0.32-0.48(P<0.05)。
2、体力活动中,11-18岁青少年周一至周五、周末的MPA分别为51.4 min/d, 45.3 min/d;VPA分别为22.1 min/d,25.5 min/d,男女生在体力活动时间上无显著差异。静态生活时间上,11-18岁青少年周一至周五、周末的静态时间分别为8.8h／d,7.7h／d,随着年龄的增长静态时间呈增长趋势,并且女生静态时间总体高于男生。BMI与静态时间存在显著正相关。
3、社会支持因素中,器材支持上,运动器材的拥有与体力活动和静态时间无相关,男生器材拥有率显著高于女生(P<0.01)；言语鼓励上,父母朋友的鼓励与体力活动无相关,但与周一至周五的静态时间呈显著负相关(P<0.05)；行为支持上,没有人一起活动与一周的VPA存在显著负相关(P<0.05),与周一至周五的静态时间存在显著正相关(P<0.01),和家人一起活动与一周的MVPA和MPA呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而和家人一起看电视与周末和一周的静态时间存在显著正相关(P<0.01),男生选择和邻居一起活动的比例显著高于女生(P<0.05),女生选择和家人一起运动、一起看电视的比例显著高于男生(P<0.01)。4、环境因素中,活动设施上,家庭器材的拥有和公共运动场所的存在与体力活动和静态生活时间均无相关,男生对于运动场地的感知显著高于女生(P<0.05)；交通设施上,马路上有人行道与周末的MPA存在显著负相关,与静态时间存在显著正相关(P<0.01)；安全状况上,道路交通秩序和担心陌生人威胁安全与体力活动和静态时间均无相关,但男生担心陌生人威胁安全显著高于女生(P<0.05)。
5、运动自我效能上,是否有擅长的活动与周一至周五和一周的MVPA, VPA存在显著正相关,与一周的静态时间存在显著负相关,且均存在显著性差异(P<0.05),并且对其周围环境中运动场所和运动伙伴的感知存在显著差异(P<0.01)。男生运动自我效能显著高于女生。
6、生活习惯和交通方式上,睡觉时间与周一至周五和一周的MPA存在显著负相关,随着睡觉时间的推迟,周一至周五和一周的静态时间也逐渐增加。骑车和步行与一周的MVPA和MPA存在非常显著的正相关。而坐私家车与一周的MPA存在非常显著的负相关。
研究结论：
1、修订后的CLASS-C问卷经信效度检验显示其有较好的信效度,可用于儿童少年日常体力活动和静态生活的大样本调查。
2、66.5%的儿童少年达到了“每天活动一小时”的要求。但大强度的体力活动时间仍然较少。一周中,上课和做作业这两项占全部静态时间的72.8%。看电视、上网是主要的闲暇静态活动方式。静态生活比体力活动更能影响BMI。
3、父母对女生的体力活动和静态生活有更大的影响；邻居等居住地附近活动伙伴对男生的影响较大。
4、家庭和社会的支持可以促进青少年的体力活动的增加,静态生活时间的减少,而且父母对其生活方式有着重要的影响。父母应增加在儿童少年体力活动中的参与,以及减少自身静态生活时间,以此来影响儿少的体力活动和静态生活。
5、运动自我效能对体力活动和静态生活、社会支持、周围环境的感知均有着显著的影响,可将提高运动自我效能作为提高青少年体力活动参与的干预手段。
Objective:
To investigate the status of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior of partial high school students in Shanghai, study the influences of social support, environment and self-efficacy on PA and sedentary behavior according to the Socio-ecological Framework and Social Cognitive Theory, and to provide scientific basis for further intervention to improve children and adolescents'PA and reduce sedentary behavior.
Method:
Four districts of Shanghai were selected with stratified cluster sampling, including 2588 junior and senior high school students with 2553 valid questionnaires. The survey includes two questionnaires. One is The Children's Leisure Activity Study Survey Chinese vision for evaluating PA and sedentary behavior, and another is National Student Physical Health Survey for researching daily life behavior. EpiData3.0 was used for double data entering and logical checking. All data used SPSS 13.0 statistical software for processing.
Results:
1、In the test of reliability and validity shows, Spearman coefficient of correlation of Test-retest reliability of CLASS-C in different intensity is 0.81-0.88, ICC is 0.82-0.89; Spearman coefficient of correlation of sedentary behavior is 0.82-0.85, ICC is 0.82-0.84. In validity test, comparing CLASS-C to SWA, the Spearman coefficient of correlation in weekday and weekend is 0.31-0.47 and 0.32-0.48.
2、In this study, the average time of Moderate Physical Activity (MPA) and Vigorous Physical Activity (VPA) of weekday and weekend separately is 51.4min/d,45.3min/d, and 22.1min/d,25.5min/d of boys and girls aged 11-18. There is no significant difference between boys and girls in the time of different intensity of physical activity. In sedentary behavior, the average time of weekday and weekend separately is 8.8h/d and 7.7h/d. The time of sedentary behavior increases with the age grows, and girls have more sedentary time than boys. Compare with physical activity, only sedentary behaviors has positive correlation with BMI.
3、In social support, boys on perception of sports equipment ownership rate and partners are significantly higher than girls. The proportions of girls taking part in sports and watching TV with their families are higher than the ones of boys. In different age groups, the proportions of junior groups having sports equipment ownership rate, encouraging from family and taking part in sports with their families and neighbors, watching TV and doing homework with families are higher than senior groups. The one who selects to do activity with families has more time in Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity (MVPA) and MPV in one week. Encouraging from families and friends has negative correlation with the time of weekday sedentary behavior. And watching with families has positive correlation with the time of sedentary behavior of weekend.
4、In environmental factors, the proportion of boys on perception of sport facilities and partners and intimidating from strangers are significantly higher than girls. The proportions of senior groups having sidewalk in streets around house and fearing of intimidation from strangers are higher than junior groups.
5、Boys and junior groups have higher exercise self-efficacy. The ones with different self-efficacy have significant different in perception of sports facilities and partners, and have significant positive correlation with MVPA and VPA of one week, and negative correlation with sedentary behavior.
6、The time of sleeping has significant negative correlation with weekday and one week MPA. And with the time of sleeping delay, the time of sedentary is increasing. Cycling and walking to school has significant positive correlation with MVPA and VPA of one week.
Conclusions:
1、The amendment of CLASS-C has high reliability and validity, and could be used as an easily administrated tool to identify the physical activity and sedentary behavior in Chinese children and adolescents.
2、66.5% of children and adolescents have reached the recommended 60 minutes of MVPA per day. But the VPA is less than others. Having classes and doing homework account for 72.8% of the whole time of sedentary behavior. Watching TV and surfing the Internet are the main leisure sedentary behaviors. Sedentary behavior has more effect on BMI.
3、Parents have more influence on girl's PA and sedentary behaviors, and neighbors have more effects on boy.
4、Family and social support can promote the increasing of physical activities and decreasing of sedentary behavior of adolescents. Parents have important influence on children's lifestyle.
5、Self-efficacy has significant effect on adolescent's participation in physical activity and sedentary behavior, as well as the perceptions of social support and surrounding environment.
引文
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