冲击阻尼在磁悬浮轴承系统中的应用研究
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摘要
本文基于冲击阻尼理论设计了磁悬浮转子的冲击阻尼吸振器,并在附加阻尼结构的理论基础上设计了磁悬浮转子的阻尼复合结构。分析了冲击阻尼的吸振原理,并利用复刚度法和能量损耗机理推导出了阻尼复合结构阻尼特性的重要指标——结构损耗因子,定量地研究了影响结构损耗因子的剪切参数、阻尼材料损耗因子以及几何参数,并作了近似优化和综合优化计算。分析总结了磁悬浮转子的噪声来源,为阻尼器针对性的设计提供了理论依据。研究结果表明:通过附加阻尼器可提高磁悬浮转子的阻尼特性,即磁悬浮转子的振动强度减小,同时磁悬浮转子的噪声降低。
利用动力学分析软件ADAMS,对冲击阻尼的减振特性进行了仿真。对本文设计的有冲击阻尼吸振器的磁悬浮转子结构在静态悬浮时受脉冲激励或有偏移初速度的前提下,以及旋转状态下进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明:冲击阻尼块的质量越大,冲击阻尼减振效果越好;碰撞间隙要进行优化,否则冲击阻尼没有减振效果。综合仿真结果,对有冲击阻尼吸振器的磁悬浮轴承系统进行了试验研究,最终得到了冲击阻尼的质量和碰撞间隙参数最优值,进一步证实了冲击阻尼对磁悬浮轴承系统的减振降噪作用。
Based on the theory of impact damping and added damping structure, impact damper and composite damping structure in the magnetic rotor are designed. Principle of vibration absorption of impact damping is analyzed, and factor-loss on structure which is the important indicator of the damping characteristics of composite damping structure is derived by complex stiffness method and mechanism of energy loss. Shearing parameter, loss factor of damping material, and geometric parameters are quantitative studied, of which approximate and integrated optimization is calculated. Noise sources of the magnetic rotor are also analyzed and summarized, which is to provide theoretical basis for the design of the damper. The results of theoretical research show that the damping characteristics of the magnetic rotor can be improved by the added damper, specifically speaking, the vibration intensity and noise of the rotor are reduced.
Vibration damping characteristics of impact damper are simulated with ADAMS, which is dynamic analysis software. Simulation research has been made when the magnetic rotor is suspended with pulse excitation, or initial velocity offset, and when the magnetic rotor rotates. Simulation results show that the effect on vibration reduction becomes better with the increase of the quality of the impact blocks, and the impact gap should be optimized in order to having good effect on vibration reduction. Combined with the simulation results, experiments have been studied for the magnetic bearing system with the impact damper. Optimal parameters of the impact damper are finally determined; moreover the effect on vibration reduction of the impact damper is further demonstrated.
利用动力学分析软件ADAMS,对冲击阻尼的减振特性进行了仿真。对本文设计的有冲击阻尼吸振器的磁悬浮转子结构在静态悬浮时受脉冲激励或有偏移初速度的前提下,以及旋转状态下进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明:冲击阻尼块的质量越大,冲击阻尼减振效果越好;碰撞间隙要进行优化,否则冲击阻尼没有减振效果。综合仿真结果,对有冲击阻尼吸振器的磁悬浮轴承系统进行了试验研究,最终得到了冲击阻尼的质量和碰撞间隙参数最优值,进一步证实了冲击阻尼对磁悬浮轴承系统的减振降噪作用。
Based on the theory of impact damping and added damping structure, impact damper and composite damping structure in the magnetic rotor are designed. Principle of vibration absorption of impact damping is analyzed, and factor-loss on structure which is the important indicator of the damping characteristics of composite damping structure is derived by complex stiffness method and mechanism of energy loss. Shearing parameter, loss factor of damping material, and geometric parameters are quantitative studied, of which approximate and integrated optimization is calculated. Noise sources of the magnetic rotor are also analyzed and summarized, which is to provide theoretical basis for the design of the damper. The results of theoretical research show that the damping characteristics of the magnetic rotor can be improved by the added damper, specifically speaking, the vibration intensity and noise of the rotor are reduced.
Vibration damping characteristics of impact damper are simulated with ADAMS, which is dynamic analysis software. Simulation research has been made when the magnetic rotor is suspended with pulse excitation, or initial velocity offset, and when the magnetic rotor rotates. Simulation results show that the effect on vibration reduction becomes better with the increase of the quality of the impact blocks, and the impact gap should be optimized in order to having good effect on vibration reduction. Combined with the simulation results, experiments have been studied for the magnetic bearing system with the impact damper. Optimal parameters of the impact damper are finally determined; moreover the effect on vibration reduction of the impact damper is further demonstrated.
引文
[1]. G.Schweiter, H.Bleuler, A.Traxler. Active Magnetic Bearings—Basics, Properties and Application of Active magnetic Bearings. ETH, Switzerland, 1994:37～49.
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[3].胡业发,周祖德,江征风.磁力轴承的基础理论与应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2006:12～20.
[4].虞烈.可控磁悬浮转子系统.北京:科学出版社,2003:20～58.
[5]. Braunbek W. Frei Schwebende Karper in Electircschen and Magnetischen Feld[R]. Z.Phys, 1939: 753～763.
[6].汪通悦,陈辽军,周峰等.磁浮轴承的技术进展.现代趋势战略,2002,40(455):21~23.
[7]. Jams P.Lyons, Mark A, Preston, Ram Gurumoorthy. Design and Control of a Fault-tolerant Active Magnetic Bearing System for Aircraft Engines. Proceedings of Forth International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings, 1994: 449～454.
[8].张士勇.磁悬浮技术的应用现状与展望.工业仪表与自动化装置,2003,3:63～65.
[9].陈易新,胡业发,杨恒明等.机床主轴可控磁力轴承的结构分析与设计.机床与液压,1988,3:2～6.
[10].曾励,朱熀秋，曾学明等.基于DSP的混和磁悬浮轴承数字控制器的设计与实现.数据采集与处理,2000,2:213～216.
[11].曾励,朱熀秋，曾学明等.单自由度混合磁悬浮轴承控制系统模型的研究.南京航空航天大学学报,1998,6:685～690.
[12].徐军,王晓光.磁悬浮转子噪声诊断及产生机理研究. [硕士学位论文],武汉:武汉理工大学,2006.
[13].刘振营,周祖德,胡业发等.复杂环境下磁悬浮转子噪声和振动的测试和分析.机床与液压,2007,2:153～156.
[14]. J.Shi, R.Zmood, L.J.Qin. The Direct Method for Adaptive Feed-Forward Vibration Control of Magnetic Bearing Systems. Seventh International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 2002,12:675～679.
[15].窦忠才,谢振宇.带阻尼器磁悬浮轴承柔性转子系统动态性能的研究.第三届全国磁悬浮轴承学术会议,2009,8:131～136.
[16].彭拾义.减振器.北京:国防工业出版社,1979,10:86～91.
[17].雷森塞巴明斯利,钟铁毅,夏禾.摩擦阻尼器抑制结构振动的研究.北方交通大学学报,2000,2:42～49.
[18].林治民,张洵安,秦相军,谷文成.摩擦阻尼器的初始滑移参数与结构耗能特征分析,工程抗震与加固改造,2007,12:10～15.
[19].唐川江,沈姝骊,文俊.冲击阻尼在齿轮传动中的应用.机械传动,2001,25(4):42～45.
[20]. M.R.Duncan, C.R.Wassgren, C.M.Krousgrill. The damping performance of a single particle impact damper. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2005,8:123～144.
[21]. S.EMA, E.MARUI. Damping Characteristics of an Impact Damper and Its Application. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 1996,3:293～306.
[22]. Jianlian Cheng, Hui Xu. Inner Mass Impact Damper for Attenuating Structure Vibration. International Journal of Solids and Structure,2006,8:5355～5369.
[23].李立斌,谢丽丽.附加阻尼在机械减振中的应用.天津成人高等学校联合学报,2002,10:102～105.
[24].高东,唐治安,李朝旭.粘弹阻尼减振技术的工程应用.电子机械工程,2001,12:39～42.
[25].王朝杰,盛美萍,赵颖坤.夹层阻尼结构抑振特性研究.机械设计与制造,2006,7:108～110.
[26]. B Azvine, G R Tomlinson, R J Wynne. Use of Active Constrained-layer Damping for Controlling Resonant Vibration. Smart Materials and Structures,1995,3:1～6.
[27].张友南,杨军,贺才春,唐先贺.阻尼材料的研究与应用.噪声与振动控制,2006,4:38～41.
[28].吴卫枫,杜坤. NVH减振降噪材料及技术在汽车车身上的应用.汽车工艺与材料,2008,4:63～66.
[29]. Rongping Fan, Guang Meng, Jun Yang, Caichun He. Experimental Study of the Effect of Viscoelastic Damping Materials on Noise and Vibration Reduction within Railway Vehicles. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2009,1:58～76.
[30]. Magnus Alvelid. Optimal Position and Shape of Applied Damping Material. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2008,3:947～965.
[31].王伟青,徐龙祥.弹性阻尼器——保护轴承的数学模型.第三届全国磁悬浮轴承学术会议,2009,8:127～130.
[32].戴德沛.阻尼技术的工程应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1991,10:112～118.
[33].陈天宁,陈花玲,黄协清.豆包消振器的阻尼特性研究.西安交通大学学报,1996,7,30(7):25～31.
[34].丁文镜.减振理论.北京:清华大学出版社,1988,7:192～196.
[35].戴德沛.阻尼减振降噪技术.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1986,6:105～119.
[36].刘棣华.粘弹阻尼减震降噪应用技术.北京:宇航出版社,1990,4:179～192.
[37].杜裴乐,徐龙祥.粘弹性阻尼器在磁悬浮轴承系统中的减振降噪研究.第三届全国磁悬浮轴承学术会议,2009,8:329～333.
[38].马磊忠,徐龙祥.薄圆盘形转子磁悬浮轴承系统研究. [硕士学位论文],南京:南京航空航天大学,2009.
[39].王富耻,张朝晖. ANSYS10.0有限元分析理论与工程应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2006,5:251～259.
[40].马大猷.噪声控制学.北京:科学出版社,1987,7:1～6.
[41].李智,殷祥超,何兴华,梁兴旺.复合层板减震降噪特性的数值模拟研究.噪声与振动控制,2006,6:27～30.
[42].李增刚. ADAMS入门详解与实例.国防工业出版社,2006.
[43].李军,邢俊文等. ADAMS实例教程.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002.
[44].毕世英,杨晓京,李哲昆. UG与ADAMS/View之间的图形数据交换研究.设计与研究,2004,31(6):8～10.
[45].李发家,孙传祝.基于ADAMS/View的沙滩摩托车传动系建模仿真与优化设计. [硕士学位论文],山东:山东理工大学,2009.
[46].郑凯,胡仁喜,陈鹿民等. ADAMS2005机械设计高级应用实例.机械工业出版社,2006.
[47].黄勇,徐龙祥.单自由度磁悬浮轴承系统仿真研究. [硕士学位论文],南京:南京航空航天大学,2009.
[48].徐龙祥,欧阳祖行.机械设计.北京:航空工业出版社,1999,1:21～44.
[49].赵雷,丛华,赵鸿宾.可控磁悬浮轴承刚度与阻尼特性研究.清华大学学报,1999,39(4):96～99.
[50].张景绘,李宁,李新民,李智明等.一体化振动控制.北京:科学出版社,2005,5:109～118.
[2]. G.施韦策,H.布鲁勒,A.特拉克斯勒.主动磁轴承基础、性能及应用(虞烈,袁崇军译).北京:新时代出版社,1997:32～45.
[3].胡业发,周祖德,江征风.磁力轴承的基础理论与应用.北京:机械工业出版社,2006:12～20.
[4].虞烈.可控磁悬浮转子系统.北京:科学出版社,2003:20～58.
[5]. Braunbek W. Frei Schwebende Karper in Electircschen and Magnetischen Feld[R]. Z.Phys, 1939: 753～763.
[6].汪通悦,陈辽军,周峰等.磁浮轴承的技术进展.现代趋势战略,2002,40(455):21~23.
[7]. Jams P.Lyons, Mark A, Preston, Ram Gurumoorthy. Design and Control of a Fault-tolerant Active Magnetic Bearing System for Aircraft Engines. Proceedings of Forth International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings, 1994: 449～454.
[8].张士勇.磁悬浮技术的应用现状与展望.工业仪表与自动化装置,2003,3:63～65.
[9].陈易新,胡业发,杨恒明等.机床主轴可控磁力轴承的结构分析与设计.机床与液压,1988,3:2～6.
[10].曾励,朱熀秋，曾学明等.基于DSP的混和磁悬浮轴承数字控制器的设计与实现.数据采集与处理,2000,2:213～216.
[11].曾励,朱熀秋，曾学明等.单自由度混合磁悬浮轴承控制系统模型的研究.南京航空航天大学学报,1998,6:685～690.
[12].徐军,王晓光.磁悬浮转子噪声诊断及产生机理研究. [硕士学位论文],武汉:武汉理工大学,2006.
[13].刘振营,周祖德,胡业发等.复杂环境下磁悬浮转子噪声和振动的测试和分析.机床与液压,2007,2:153～156.
[14]. J.Shi, R.Zmood, L.J.Qin. The Direct Method for Adaptive Feed-Forward Vibration Control of Magnetic Bearing Systems. Seventh International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 2002,12:675～679.
[15].窦忠才,谢振宇.带阻尼器磁悬浮轴承柔性转子系统动态性能的研究.第三届全国磁悬浮轴承学术会议,2009,8:131～136.
[16].彭拾义.减振器.北京:国防工业出版社,1979,10:86～91.
[17].雷森塞巴明斯利,钟铁毅,夏禾.摩擦阻尼器抑制结构振动的研究.北方交通大学学报,2000,2:42～49.
[18].林治民,张洵安,秦相军,谷文成.摩擦阻尼器的初始滑移参数与结构耗能特征分析,工程抗震与加固改造,2007,12:10～15.
[19].唐川江,沈姝骊,文俊.冲击阻尼在齿轮传动中的应用.机械传动,2001,25(4):42～45.
[20]. M.R.Duncan, C.R.Wassgren, C.M.Krousgrill. The damping performance of a single particle impact damper. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 2005,8:123～144.
[21]. S.EMA, E.MARUI. Damping Characteristics of an Impact Damper and Its Application. International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture, 1996,3:293～306.
[22]. Jianlian Cheng, Hui Xu. Inner Mass Impact Damper for Attenuating Structure Vibration. International Journal of Solids and Structure,2006,8:5355～5369.
[23].李立斌,谢丽丽.附加阻尼在机械减振中的应用.天津成人高等学校联合学报,2002,10:102～105.
[24].高东,唐治安,李朝旭.粘弹阻尼减振技术的工程应用.电子机械工程,2001,12:39～42.
[25].王朝杰,盛美萍,赵颖坤.夹层阻尼结构抑振特性研究.机械设计与制造,2006,7:108～110.
[26]. B Azvine, G R Tomlinson, R J Wynne. Use of Active Constrained-layer Damping for Controlling Resonant Vibration. Smart Materials and Structures,1995,3:1～6.
[27].张友南,杨军,贺才春,唐先贺.阻尼材料的研究与应用.噪声与振动控制,2006,4:38～41.
[28].吴卫枫,杜坤. NVH减振降噪材料及技术在汽车车身上的应用.汽车工艺与材料,2008,4:63～66.
[29]. Rongping Fan, Guang Meng, Jun Yang, Caichun He. Experimental Study of the Effect of Viscoelastic Damping Materials on Noise and Vibration Reduction within Railway Vehicles. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2009,1:58～76.
[30]. Magnus Alvelid. Optimal Position and Shape of Applied Damping Material. Journal of Sound and Vibration,2008,3:947～965.
[31].王伟青,徐龙祥.弹性阻尼器——保护轴承的数学模型.第三届全国磁悬浮轴承学术会议,2009,8:127～130.
[32].戴德沛.阻尼技术的工程应用.北京:清华大学出版社,1991,10:112～118.
[33].陈天宁,陈花玲,黄协清.豆包消振器的阻尼特性研究.西安交通大学学报,1996,7,30(7):25～31.
[34].丁文镜.减振理论.北京:清华大学出版社,1988,7:192～196.
[35].戴德沛.阻尼减振降噪技术.西安:西安交通大学出版社,1986,6:105～119.
[36].刘棣华.粘弹阻尼减震降噪应用技术.北京:宇航出版社,1990,4:179～192.
[37].杜裴乐,徐龙祥.粘弹性阻尼器在磁悬浮轴承系统中的减振降噪研究.第三届全国磁悬浮轴承学术会议,2009,8:329～333.
[38].马磊忠,徐龙祥.薄圆盘形转子磁悬浮轴承系统研究. [硕士学位论文],南京:南京航空航天大学,2009.
[39].王富耻,张朝晖. ANSYS10.0有限元分析理论与工程应用.北京:电子工业出版社,2006,5:251～259.
[40].马大猷.噪声控制学.北京:科学出版社,1987,7:1～6.
[41].李智,殷祥超,何兴华,梁兴旺.复合层板减震降噪特性的数值模拟研究.噪声与振动控制,2006,6:27～30.
[42].李增刚. ADAMS入门详解与实例.国防工业出版社,2006.
[43].李军,邢俊文等. ADAMS实例教程.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2002.
[44].毕世英,杨晓京,李哲昆. UG与ADAMS/View之间的图形数据交换研究.设计与研究,2004,31(6):8～10.
[45].李发家,孙传祝.基于ADAMS/View的沙滩摩托车传动系建模仿真与优化设计. [硕士学位论文],山东:山东理工大学,2009.
[46].郑凯,胡仁喜,陈鹿民等. ADAMS2005机械设计高级应用实例.机械工业出版社,2006.
[47].黄勇,徐龙祥.单自由度磁悬浮轴承系统仿真研究. [硕士学位论文],南京:南京航空航天大学,2009.
[48].徐龙祥,欧阳祖行.机械设计.北京:航空工业出版社,1999,1:21～44.
[49].赵雷,丛华,赵鸿宾.可控磁悬浮轴承刚度与阻尼特性研究.清华大学学报,1999,39(4):96～99.
[50].张景绘,李宁,李新民,李智明等.一体化振动控制.北京:科学出版社,2005,5:109～118.