OBS边缘节点控制模块的硬件设计与实现
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摘要
随着WDM技术的广泛应用,传送网的带宽问题得到了解决。由于IP网络规模的不断扩大,需要一种新的光交换方式来解决目前传送网节点交换能力不足的问题。光突发交换结合光分组交换和光路交换的优缺点,在交换性能和可实现技术上做了折中,因此成为了近期解决传送网节点交换能力问题的一个研究热点。
光突发交换最大特点是采用单向预留资源的方式而不需使用光缓存器,边缘节点中的控制模块正是在整个网络实现这种预留机制的一部分。在本文中首先设计了基于JIT和JET两种资源预留机制的控制模块,以实现结构相对复杂的JIT协议为侧重点。在设计中为了提高模块的吞吐量采用在不同层次上使用并行结构的思路,提出Time Process Machine模块来处理协议中产生的各种时间事件,设计了总线控制模块来解决多对模块之间的请求冲突,并对BDP、BCP收发模块以及设计中的相关参数做了详细说明。
本文采用FPGA可编程芯片完成对设计的硬件实现,并使用QuartusⅡ软件进行辅助设计,最后得出两类模块的理论最高时钟频率为118.84MHz和123.73MHz。在使用软件时序仿真和示波器实测芯片输出波形后所得到的结果表明:设计的控制模块能够实现JIT和JET控制协议预留资源的功能以及BCP、BDP的收发工作,特别在模块内处理产生的时延对偏置时间的影响非常小。
With the comprehensive application of the WDM technology, the bandwidth problem of the transport network has been solved. Because of the explosive growth trend of Internet traffic, demanding a new optical switch to solve the lack of the switch ability in the node of transport network. Optical burst switch (OBS) is a compromising method giving attention to the advantages of both optical packet switch and optical circuit switch, therefore the OBS becomes one of the key issues in optical networks.
The most important characteristic of OBS is adopting one-way resource reservation mechanism, and the control module in the edge node is one of the parts to implement the mechanism in the whole network. Two hardware design schemes which based the Just in time and Just enough time resource reservation protocols are reported in this paper, emphasizing the JIT protocol which is more complexity to the JET protocol in the edge node comparatively. A parallel structure based on the different hierarchies is adopted for the sake of increasing the throughput, Time Process Machine is proposed to deal with the time event, bus control module is designed to solve the request conflict between several modules, sending and receiving module of burst control packet and burst data packet are also interpreted detailedly.
The design scheme bases on the FPGA chip and is compiled successfully in the Quartus II software. Timing analyse results show that the working clock in theory of the two types of the control module can get as much as 118.84 MHz and 123.73 MHz respectively. Through timing simulation and waveforms form oscillograph, it is indicated that the schemes can accomplish the function of the control module preferably, specially the disposal delay caused by module would not affect the actual offset time badly.
光突发交换最大特点是采用单向预留资源的方式而不需使用光缓存器,边缘节点中的控制模块正是在整个网络实现这种预留机制的一部分。在本文中首先设计了基于JIT和JET两种资源预留机制的控制模块,以实现结构相对复杂的JIT协议为侧重点。在设计中为了提高模块的吞吐量采用在不同层次上使用并行结构的思路,提出Time Process Machine模块来处理协议中产生的各种时间事件,设计了总线控制模块来解决多对模块之间的请求冲突,并对BDP、BCP收发模块以及设计中的相关参数做了详细说明。
本文采用FPGA可编程芯片完成对设计的硬件实现,并使用QuartusⅡ软件进行辅助设计,最后得出两类模块的理论最高时钟频率为118.84MHz和123.73MHz。在使用软件时序仿真和示波器实测芯片输出波形后所得到的结果表明:设计的控制模块能够实现JIT和JET控制协议预留资源的功能以及BCP、BDP的收发工作,特别在模块内处理产生的时延对偏置时间的影响非常小。
With the comprehensive application of the WDM technology, the bandwidth problem of the transport network has been solved. Because of the explosive growth trend of Internet traffic, demanding a new optical switch to solve the lack of the switch ability in the node of transport network. Optical burst switch (OBS) is a compromising method giving attention to the advantages of both optical packet switch and optical circuit switch, therefore the OBS becomes one of the key issues in optical networks.
The most important characteristic of OBS is adopting one-way resource reservation mechanism, and the control module in the edge node is one of the parts to implement the mechanism in the whole network. Two hardware design schemes which based the Just in time and Just enough time resource reservation protocols are reported in this paper, emphasizing the JIT protocol which is more complexity to the JET protocol in the edge node comparatively. A parallel structure based on the different hierarchies is adopted for the sake of increasing the throughput, Time Process Machine is proposed to deal with the time event, bus control module is designed to solve the request conflict between several modules, sending and receiving module of burst control packet and burst data packet are also interpreted detailedly.
The design scheme bases on the FPGA chip and is compiled successfully in the Quartus II software. Timing analyse results show that the working clock in theory of the two types of the control module can get as much as 118.84 MHz and 123.73 MHz respectively. Through timing simulation and waveforms form oscillograph, it is indicated that the schemes can accomplish the function of the control module preferably, specially the disposal delay caused by module would not affect the actual offset time badly.
引文
[1]原荣.光纤通信[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006.
[2]Eramo V,Listanti M.Wavelegnth converter sharing in a WDM optical packet switch:dimensioning and performanece issues[J].Computer Networks,2000,32(5):633-651.
[3]Eramo V,Listanti M.Packet loss in a bufferless optical WDM switch employing shared tunable wavelength converters[J].J Lightwave Technol,2000,18(12):1818-1833.
[4]Lee K.Optimization of a WDM optical packet switch with wavelength converters[A].IEEE INFOCOM 95[C].Boston:1995,423-430.
[5]张宾.3.2T DWDM系统的关键技术及工程应用[J].电信网技术,2006,10:69-72.
[6]Zang H,Jue J P.A review of routing and wavelength assignment approaches for wavelength routed optical WDM networks[J].Optical Networks Magazine,2000,1:47-60.
[7]Yao S,Mukherjee B.Advances in Photonic Packet Switching:An Overview[J].IEEE Communications Magazine,2000,38(2):84-94.
[8]Xu L,Perros H,and Rouskas G.Techniques for optical packet switching and optical burst switching[J].IEEE Communications,2001,39(1),136-142.
[9]Qiao C,Yoo M.Optical Burst Switching(OBS)-a new paradigm for an Optical Internet[J].Journal of High Speed Networks,1999,8:69-84.
[10]Xiong Y.Design and analysis of optical burst-switched networks[J].Proceedings of SPIE 99,1999,3843:112-119.
[11]Turner J S.Terabit burst switching[J].Journal of High Speed Networks,1999,8:3-16.
[12]袁驰,李正斌.光突发交换研究综述与应用展望[J].光通信技术,2004,08:16-19.
[13]Xiong Y,Vandenhpute M.Control architecture in optical burst switched WDM networks[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2000,18(10):1838-1851.
[14]陈俊峰.光突发交换边界组装和调度算法的研究[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[15]丁桥.光突发交换网络边缘节点的设计与实现[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[16]张健.光突发交换边缘节点控制卡的硬件设计与实现[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[17]Ge A,Callegati F and Tamil L S.On Optical Burst Switching and Self-Similar Traffic[J].IEEE Communications Letters,2000,4(3):98-100.
[18]Vokkarane V M,Haridoss K and Jue J P.Threshold-Based Burst Assembly Policies for QoS Support in Optical Burst-Switched Networks[A].in Proceedings of SPIE OptiComm 2002[C].Boston:2002,125-136.
[19]Yu X,Chen Y and Qiao C.A study of traffic statistics of assembled burst traffic in optical burst switched networks[A].OptiComm' 2002[C].Boston:OptiComm,2002,149-159.
[20]Li J,Qiao C and Chen Y.Recent Progress in the Scheduling Algorithms in Optical Burst Switched Networks[J].Journal of Optical Networking,2004 3(4):229-241.
[21]毕峰军.光突发交换网中竞争解决方案及组包机制技术研究[D].北京邮电大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[22]Yoo M,Qiao C.Just-Enough-Time(JET):A High Speed Protocol for Bursty Traffic in Optical Networks[A].Technologies for a global Information Infrastructure[C].1997,26-27.
[23]Yoo M,Qiao C and Dixit S.The effect of limited fiber delay lines on QoS performance of optical burst switched WDM networks[A].2000 IEEE International Conference on Communications[C].2000,974-979.
[24]Yoo M,Qiao C,and Dixit S.The QoS Performance of Optical Burst Switching in IP-over-WDM Networks[J].Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2000,18(10):2062-2071.
[25]Wei J,McFarland R.Just-in-time signaling for WDM optical burst switching networks[J].J.Lightwave Technology,2000,18(12):2019-2037.
[26]Tan S K,Mohan G.Feedback-based offset time selection for end-to-end proportional QoS provisioning in WDM optical burst switching networks[J].Computer Communications,2007,30:904-921.
[27]Mart'inez A E,Aracil J.Optimizing offset times in Optical Burst Switching networks with variable Burst Control Packets sojourn times[J].Optical Switching and Networking,2007,4:189-199.
[28]Sun Y,Hashiguchi T.Design and implementation of an optical burst-switched network testbed[J].Optical Communications,2005,5:48-55.
[29]Singhai M,Mehrotra P.A High Speed Network Interface Card for Optical Burst Switched Networks [A].Proceedings of the First International Conference on Broadband Networks[C].Washington,DC,USA:IEEE Computer Society,2004:14-23.
[30]Baldine I,Cassada M.Just-in-Time Optical Burst Switching Implementation in the ATDnet All-Optical Networking Testbed[A].Global Telecommunications Conference.San Francisco[C].USA:GLOBECOM apos.2003:2777-2781.
[31]纪越峰,王宏祥.光突发交换网络[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2005.
[32]Wang X,Morikawa H and Aoyama T A.Deflection Routing Protocol for Optical Bursts in WDM Networks[A].Fifth Optoelectronics and Common.Conf.(OECC 2000)[C].Makuhari,Japan:2000,94-95.
[33]Griffith D,Sriram K and Golmie N.Protection switching for optical bursts using segmentation and deflection routing[J].IEEE Commun.Letters,2005,9(10):930-932.
[34]丁桥,陈建平.基于Gbit以太网卡光突发交换边缘节点功能的设计和实现[J].光通信技术,2004,2:59-61.
[35]余燕春.OBS网络边缘节点控制板软件模块的设计与实现[D].北京邮电大学硕士学位论文,2005
[36]Altera Corporation.Avalon Bus Specification Reference Manual[EB/OL].http://www.altera.com/literature/manual/mnl_avalon_spec.pdf
[37]Wolf W.基于FPGA的系统设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[38]佚名.循环冗余检验(CRC)原理与实现(版本1.1)[EB/OL].http://www.430diy.com,2005
[39]John G.Proakis.数字通信[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[2]Eramo V,Listanti M.Wavelegnth converter sharing in a WDM optical packet switch:dimensioning and performanece issues[J].Computer Networks,2000,32(5):633-651.
[3]Eramo V,Listanti M.Packet loss in a bufferless optical WDM switch employing shared tunable wavelength converters[J].J Lightwave Technol,2000,18(12):1818-1833.
[4]Lee K.Optimization of a WDM optical packet switch with wavelength converters[A].IEEE INFOCOM 95[C].Boston:1995,423-430.
[5]张宾.3.2T DWDM系统的关键技术及工程应用[J].电信网技术,2006,10:69-72.
[6]Zang H,Jue J P.A review of routing and wavelength assignment approaches for wavelength routed optical WDM networks[J].Optical Networks Magazine,2000,1:47-60.
[7]Yao S,Mukherjee B.Advances in Photonic Packet Switching:An Overview[J].IEEE Communications Magazine,2000,38(2):84-94.
[8]Xu L,Perros H,and Rouskas G.Techniques for optical packet switching and optical burst switching[J].IEEE Communications,2001,39(1),136-142.
[9]Qiao C,Yoo M.Optical Burst Switching(OBS)-a new paradigm for an Optical Internet[J].Journal of High Speed Networks,1999,8:69-84.
[10]Xiong Y.Design and analysis of optical burst-switched networks[J].Proceedings of SPIE 99,1999,3843:112-119.
[11]Turner J S.Terabit burst switching[J].Journal of High Speed Networks,1999,8:3-16.
[12]袁驰,李正斌.光突发交换研究综述与应用展望[J].光通信技术,2004,08:16-19.
[13]Xiong Y,Vandenhpute M.Control architecture in optical burst switched WDM networks[J].IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2000,18(10):1838-1851.
[14]陈俊峰.光突发交换边界组装和调度算法的研究[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2003.
[15]丁桥.光突发交换网络边缘节点的设计与实现[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[16]张健.光突发交换边缘节点控制卡的硬件设计与实现[D].上海交通大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[17]Ge A,Callegati F and Tamil L S.On Optical Burst Switching and Self-Similar Traffic[J].IEEE Communications Letters,2000,4(3):98-100.
[18]Vokkarane V M,Haridoss K and Jue J P.Threshold-Based Burst Assembly Policies for QoS Support in Optical Burst-Switched Networks[A].in Proceedings of SPIE OptiComm 2002[C].Boston:2002,125-136.
[19]Yu X,Chen Y and Qiao C.A study of traffic statistics of assembled burst traffic in optical burst switched networks[A].OptiComm' 2002[C].Boston:OptiComm,2002,149-159.
[20]Li J,Qiao C and Chen Y.Recent Progress in the Scheduling Algorithms in Optical Burst Switched Networks[J].Journal of Optical Networking,2004 3(4):229-241.
[21]毕峰军.光突发交换网中竞争解决方案及组包机制技术研究[D].北京邮电大学硕士学位论文,2005.
[22]Yoo M,Qiao C.Just-Enough-Time(JET):A High Speed Protocol for Bursty Traffic in Optical Networks[A].Technologies for a global Information Infrastructure[C].1997,26-27.
[23]Yoo M,Qiao C and Dixit S.The effect of limited fiber delay lines on QoS performance of optical burst switched WDM networks[A].2000 IEEE International Conference on Communications[C].2000,974-979.
[24]Yoo M,Qiao C,and Dixit S.The QoS Performance of Optical Burst Switching in IP-over-WDM Networks[J].Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,2000,18(10):2062-2071.
[25]Wei J,McFarland R.Just-in-time signaling for WDM optical burst switching networks[J].J.Lightwave Technology,2000,18(12):2019-2037.
[26]Tan S K,Mohan G.Feedback-based offset time selection for end-to-end proportional QoS provisioning in WDM optical burst switching networks[J].Computer Communications,2007,30:904-921.
[27]Mart'inez A E,Aracil J.Optimizing offset times in Optical Burst Switching networks with variable Burst Control Packets sojourn times[J].Optical Switching and Networking,2007,4:189-199.
[28]Sun Y,Hashiguchi T.Design and implementation of an optical burst-switched network testbed[J].Optical Communications,2005,5:48-55.
[29]Singhai M,Mehrotra P.A High Speed Network Interface Card for Optical Burst Switched Networks [A].Proceedings of the First International Conference on Broadband Networks[C].Washington,DC,USA:IEEE Computer Society,2004:14-23.
[30]Baldine I,Cassada M.Just-in-Time Optical Burst Switching Implementation in the ATDnet All-Optical Networking Testbed[A].Global Telecommunications Conference.San Francisco[C].USA:GLOBECOM apos.2003:2777-2781.
[31]纪越峰,王宏祥.光突发交换网络[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2005.
[32]Wang X,Morikawa H and Aoyama T A.Deflection Routing Protocol for Optical Bursts in WDM Networks[A].Fifth Optoelectronics and Common.Conf.(OECC 2000)[C].Makuhari,Japan:2000,94-95.
[33]Griffith D,Sriram K and Golmie N.Protection switching for optical bursts using segmentation and deflection routing[J].IEEE Commun.Letters,2005,9(10):930-932.
[34]丁桥,陈建平.基于Gbit以太网卡光突发交换边缘节点功能的设计和实现[J].光通信技术,2004,2:59-61.
[35]余燕春.OBS网络边缘节点控制板软件模块的设计与实现[D].北京邮电大学硕士学位论文,2005
[36]Altera Corporation.Avalon Bus Specification Reference Manual[EB/OL].http://www.altera.com/literature/manual/mnl_avalon_spec.pdf
[37]Wolf W.基于FPGA的系统设计[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[38]佚名.循环冗余检验(CRC)原理与实现(版本1.1)[EB/OL].http://www.430diy.com,2005
[39]John G.Proakis.数字通信[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003