移动端二维条码识别系统的研究
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摘要
本文在研究现有的二维条码识别技术和Symbian操作系统智能终端的特点的基础上,系统的研究了移动端二维条码的识别技术,提出了适合手机端二维条码识别的图像处理的优化算法。本文的主要工作如下:
首先调用手机的摄像头拍摄条码,将条码图案显示在Symbian操作系统的智能终端。根据手机拍摄的条码图像存在光照不均匀、污损、扭曲、倾斜的缺点,使用一种适合手机端的新的灰度化处理公式来代替标准的灰度化公式。然后采用快速自适应阈值分割方法对手机条码图片进行二值分割。同时使用顺序区域标记的算法对二值条码图像连通区域进行标记并且提出了3种规则来筛选出正确的条码图案的区域。在初步定出条码图案区域后,根据Data Matrix条码图像的特点,提出使用凸包算法来对条码进行精确的定位。最后提出一种新的条码图案倾斜校正的算法来得到标准的条码图案后使用RS纠错码进行译码。
最后本文在Symbian Series60 3~(rd)平台上完成了移动端二维条码识别系统的开发。实验证明,该系统具有较高的识别率,可以满足在移动端的使用。
Based on the existing technology of two dimension barcode identification and the characteristic of Symbian OS, the technology of two-dimension barcode recognition through smart phones and optimizing image process algorithm that can be used in smart phones is researched in this paper. The main content of this paper is as follows:
Firstly, built-in camera to gather two-dimension barcode is used and displayed on the smart phones based on symbian os. For the shortcoming of two-dimension photo gathered by smart phone, the photo usually has a problem of deformation, blurry and skew. This paper uses a new method instead of the ITU-standardized formula to gray scale the colored input image. In order to adapt barcode image to various sizes and gray-scaling values, as well as unevenly illuminated. An adaptive thresholding method is developed insteading of global thresholding. After this step, Regions of neighboring black pixels is found, counted and assigned a number to each. To identify candidates for orientation barcodes among the regions found, three rules are used in this paper to choose the correct barcode region and then this paper uses convex hull algorithm to locate barcode accurately. Finally this paper uses a new method to detect skew angle and correct it.
At last we develop two-dimension barcode recognition system on smart phones. Experience proves that this system can recognize two-dimension barcode well and is suited to use on smart phones.
首先调用手机的摄像头拍摄条码,将条码图案显示在Symbian操作系统的智能终端。根据手机拍摄的条码图像存在光照不均匀、污损、扭曲、倾斜的缺点,使用一种适合手机端的新的灰度化处理公式来代替标准的灰度化公式。然后采用快速自适应阈值分割方法对手机条码图片进行二值分割。同时使用顺序区域标记的算法对二值条码图像连通区域进行标记并且提出了3种规则来筛选出正确的条码图案的区域。在初步定出条码图案区域后,根据Data Matrix条码图像的特点,提出使用凸包算法来对条码进行精确的定位。最后提出一种新的条码图案倾斜校正的算法来得到标准的条码图案后使用RS纠错码进行译码。
最后本文在Symbian Series60 3~(rd)平台上完成了移动端二维条码识别系统的开发。实验证明,该系统具有较高的识别率,可以满足在移动端的使用。
Based on the existing technology of two dimension barcode identification and the characteristic of Symbian OS, the technology of two-dimension barcode recognition through smart phones and optimizing image process algorithm that can be used in smart phones is researched in this paper. The main content of this paper is as follows:
Firstly, built-in camera to gather two-dimension barcode is used and displayed on the smart phones based on symbian os. For the shortcoming of two-dimension photo gathered by smart phone, the photo usually has a problem of deformation, blurry and skew. This paper uses a new method instead of the ITU-standardized formula to gray scale the colored input image. In order to adapt barcode image to various sizes and gray-scaling values, as well as unevenly illuminated. An adaptive thresholding method is developed insteading of global thresholding. After this step, Regions of neighboring black pixels is found, counted and assigned a number to each. To identify candidates for orientation barcodes among the regions found, three rules are used in this paper to choose the correct barcode region and then this paper uses convex hull algorithm to locate barcode accurately. Finally this paper uses a new method to detect skew angle and correct it.
At last we develop two-dimension barcode recognition system on smart phones. Experience proves that this system can recognize two-dimension barcode well and is suited to use on smart phones.
引文
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[4]韩志国.手机二维码应用探析[N].中国信媒科技.2007 No.4:17-22.
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[6]Pavlids T,Swartz J,Wang Y P.Information encoding with two-dimensional bar codes[J].IEEE Computer Magazine,1992,27:18-27.
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[11]International Organization for Standardization:Information Technology Auto -matic Identification and Data Capture Techniques-Barcode Symbology QRCode.ISO/IEC18004(P),2000.
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[18]Kato.H,Tan,K.T.2D Barcodes for Mobile Phones[J].Mobile Technology,Applications and Systems,2005 2nd International Conference on Volume,Issue,15-17 Nov.2005 Page(s):1-8.
[19]陈兵旗,孙明.Visual C++实用图像处理[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[20]赵清杰,钱芳,蔡利栋。计算机视觉[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[21]王强,马利庄,图像二值化时图像特征的保留[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000,12(10):746-750.
[22]Zhao Mansuo,Yan Hong.Signao Processing and Its Applications Adaptive Thresholding Method for Binarization Blueprint Images[J],In:Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on ISSPA'99,1999,2:931-934.
[23]高永英。一种基于灰度期望值的图像二值化算法[J].中国图形图像学报(A 版),1999,4(6):524-528.
[24]Trier O D,Jain A K.Goal-directed Evaluation of Binarization Methods[J].IEEE Trans on PAMI,1995,17(12):1991-1201.
[25]Ostu,N.1979.A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms[J].IEEE Trans.Syst.Man and Cybem.V.SMC-4:394-396.
[26]刘悦,刘明业,尚振宏.快速响应矩阵码的多级阈值化方法[J].计算机应用研究.2006.8:177-179.
[27]Ohbuchi E,Hanaizumi H,Hock L A.Barcode Readers Using the Camera Device in Mobile Phones[C].Proceeding of the 2004 international Conference on Cyberwodds,2004.260-265.
[28]Pierre D.Weliner:Adaptive Thresholding for the Digital Desk[R].Technical Report-93-110,Rank Xerox Research Centre,Cambridge,UK,1993.
[29]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[30]Tanimoto,S.L.1990.The Elements of Artificial Intelligence Using Common LISP [Z].W.H.Freeman and Company,New York.
[31]Lumia,R.,G.Shapiro,and O.Zuniga.1983.A new connected components algorithm for virtual memory computers[J].Coput.Vision,Graphics,and Image Proc.,v.22:287-300.
[32]R.Gonzalez and R.Woods.Digital Image Processing[M],Addison Wesley,1992,P414-428.
[33]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:204-210.
[34]陈媛媛,施鹏飞.二维条形码的识别及应用[J].测控技术2006年第25卷第12期:17-19.
[35]胡东红,谭辉,陈莘萌.Radon变换在二维条码图像识别中的应用[J].武汉大学学报(理学版),2005.05:584-589.
[36]Avis D,Bremner D,Seidel R.How good is Convex Hull Algorithm[J].Computation Geometry,1997,7(5):265-301.
[37]Graham R L.An efficient algorithm for determine the convex hull of a finite linear set[J].Information Proc Lett,1972,(1):132-133.
[38]Andrew A.M.Another efficient algorithm for convex hulls in two dimensions [J].Information Proc Lett,1979,9:216-219.
[39]Lee D T.On finding the convex hull of a simple polygon[J].Int J Computer and Information Science[J],1983,12(2):87-89.
[40]梁英宏,王知衍.高噪声条件下基于投影的二维条码倾斜检测[J].微计算机信息,2006.22:232-234.
[41]Stuart C.Hinds,James L.Fisher,Donald P.D' Amato.A document skew detection method using run-length encoding and the Hough transform[C].Proceedings of the 10th internationally conference on pattern recognition.Atlantic City,New York,1900 Page(s):464-468.
[42]高守传,姚领田等.V++枓实践与提高-数字图像处理与工程应用篇[M].中国铁道出版社,2006.
[43]郑河荣,熊丽荣,王天舟.基于HOUGH变换的二维条码图像矫正[J].浙江工业大学学报2003年02期:169-172.
[44]Kenneth R.Castleman著,数字图像处理,朱志刚等译[M],电子工业出版社,2002,2.
[45]王新梅,肖国镇.纠错码-原理与方法[M].西安:西安电子科技出版社,2001.
[46]陈刚,王典洪.基于Reed Solomon算法的Data Matrix条码纠错码的研究 [J].现代电子技术.2006年第5期:57-61.
[47]向茜,刘钊.伽罗华域上代数运算的最简实现[J].电子科技大学学报.2000年2月第一期:5-8.
[48]Blahut R E.[M].差错控制码的理论与实践[M]广东:华南理工大学出版社,1990.
[49]http://wiki.forum.nokia.com/index.php/HTTP_on_Symbian_OS.
[50]http://www,forum.nokia.com/info/sw.nokia.com/id/b740b0e2-1201-4471-bbd41d9c77bcfa97/S60_Platform_HTTP_Client_API_Example_v2_0_en.zip.html.
[2]Steve Babin,Richard Harrison,Phil Northam,William Carnegie.Developing Software for Symbian OS[M].John Wile&Sons,Ltd.2005.
[3]张淑丽.当条码遇到手机,自动识别技术与应用[J].2006 No.1.
[4]韩志国.手机二维码应用探析[N].中国信媒科技.2007 No.4:17-22.
[5]Pavlids T,Swartz J,Wang Y P.Fundamentals of bar code information theory[J].IEEE Computer,1990,23:74-86.
[6]Pavlids T,Swartz J,Wang Y P.Information encoding with two-dimensional bar codes[J].IEEE Computer Magazine,1992,27:18-27.
[7]Reiler D J.Polarization of barcode readers[J].Opt Eng,1998,37(2):688-695.
[8]International Organization for Standardization:Information Technology Interna -tional Symbology Specication-DataMatrix.ISO/IEC16022(P),2000.
[9]Information technology-Automatic identification and data capture techniques bar code Symbology specifications-PDF417.EN ISO 15438(P),2003.
[10]国家技术监督局.四一七条码[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1998.
[11]International Organization for Standardization:Information Technology Auto -matic Identification and Data Capture Techniques-Barcode Symbology QRCode.ISO/IEC18004(P),2000.
[12]张成海,郭卫华.QR Code[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2000.
[13]Leigh Edwards,Richard Barker.Developing Series 60 Applications[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[14]Nokia Company.S60 Platform FAQ.Version 1.7(Z),2007.
[15]DIGIA Inc.Programming for the Series 60 Platform and Symbian OS[M].John Wiley& Sons,Ltd.
[16]周良忠,王伯欣.Series 60应用程序开发(卷1)[M],北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.
[17]周良忠,王伯欣.Series 60应用程序开发(卷2)[M],北京:人民邮电出版 社,2005.
[18]Kato.H,Tan,K.T.2D Barcodes for Mobile Phones[J].Mobile Technology,Applications and Systems,2005 2nd International Conference on Volume,Issue,15-17 Nov.2005 Page(s):1-8.
[19]陈兵旗,孙明.Visual C++实用图像处理[M],北京:清华大学出版社,2004.
[20]赵清杰,钱芳,蔡利栋。计算机视觉[M],北京:机械工业出版社,2005.
[21]王强,马利庄,图像二值化时图像特征的保留[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000,12(10):746-750.
[22]Zhao Mansuo,Yan Hong.Signao Processing and Its Applications Adaptive Thresholding Method for Binarization Blueprint Images[J],In:Proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on ISSPA'99,1999,2:931-934.
[23]高永英。一种基于灰度期望值的图像二值化算法[J].中国图形图像学报(A 版),1999,4(6):524-528.
[24]Trier O D,Jain A K.Goal-directed Evaluation of Binarization Methods[J].IEEE Trans on PAMI,1995,17(12):1991-1201.
[25]Ostu,N.1979.A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms[J].IEEE Trans.Syst.Man and Cybem.V.SMC-4:394-396.
[26]刘悦,刘明业,尚振宏.快速响应矩阵码的多级阈值化方法[J].计算机应用研究.2006.8:177-179.
[27]Ohbuchi E,Hanaizumi H,Hock L A.Barcode Readers Using the Camera Device in Mobile Phones[C].Proceeding of the 2004 international Conference on Cyberwodds,2004.260-265.
[28]Pierre D.Weliner:Adaptive Thresholding for the Digital Desk[R].Technical Report-93-110,Rank Xerox Research Centre,Cambridge,UK,1993.
[29]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004.
[30]Tanimoto,S.L.1990.The Elements of Artificial Intelligence Using Common LISP [Z].W.H.Freeman and Company,New York.
[31]Lumia,R.,G.Shapiro,and O.Zuniga.1983.A new connected components algorithm for virtual memory computers[J].Coput.Vision,Graphics,and Image Proc.,v.22:287-300.
[32]R.Gonzalez and R.Woods.Digital Image Processing[M],Addison Wesley,1992,P414-428.
[33]阮秋琦.数字图像处理学.北京:电子工业出版社,2004:204-210.
[34]陈媛媛,施鹏飞.二维条形码的识别及应用[J].测控技术2006年第25卷第12期:17-19.
[35]胡东红,谭辉,陈莘萌.Radon变换在二维条码图像识别中的应用[J].武汉大学学报(理学版),2005.05:584-589.
[36]Avis D,Bremner D,Seidel R.How good is Convex Hull Algorithm[J].Computation Geometry,1997,7(5):265-301.
[37]Graham R L.An efficient algorithm for determine the convex hull of a finite linear set[J].Information Proc Lett,1972,(1):132-133.
[38]Andrew A.M.Another efficient algorithm for convex hulls in two dimensions [J].Information Proc Lett,1979,9:216-219.
[39]Lee D T.On finding the convex hull of a simple polygon[J].Int J Computer and Information Science[J],1983,12(2):87-89.
[40]梁英宏,王知衍.高噪声条件下基于投影的二维条码倾斜检测[J].微计算机信息,2006.22:232-234.
[41]Stuart C.Hinds,James L.Fisher,Donald P.D' Amato.A document skew detection method using run-length encoding and the Hough transform[C].Proceedings of the 10th internationally conference on pattern recognition.Atlantic City,New York,1900 Page(s):464-468.
[42]高守传,姚领田等.V++枓实践与提高-数字图像处理与工程应用篇[M].中国铁道出版社,2006.
[43]郑河荣,熊丽荣,王天舟.基于HOUGH变换的二维条码图像矫正[J].浙江工业大学学报2003年02期:169-172.
[44]Kenneth R.Castleman著,数字图像处理,朱志刚等译[M],电子工业出版社,2002,2.
[45]王新梅,肖国镇.纠错码-原理与方法[M].西安:西安电子科技出版社,2001.
[46]陈刚,王典洪.基于Reed Solomon算法的Data Matrix条码纠错码的研究 [J].现代电子技术.2006年第5期:57-61.
[47]向茜,刘钊.伽罗华域上代数运算的最简实现[J].电子科技大学学报.2000年2月第一期:5-8.
[48]Blahut R E.[M].差错控制码的理论与实践[M]广东:华南理工大学出版社,1990.
[49]http://wiki.forum.nokia.com/index.php/HTTP_on_Symbian_OS.
[50]http://www,forum.nokia.com/info/sw.nokia.com/id/b740b0e2-1201-4471-bbd41d9c77bcfa97/S60_Platform_HTTP_Client_API_Example_v2_0_en.zip.html.