ARM微处理器在电力系统线路保护中的应用研究
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摘要
随着国民经济的快速发展,电力系统的规模越来越大,结构也越来越复杂。在整个电力系统中,由于人为或大自然的因素,发生各种各样的故障,往往导致系统运行不正常。因此,保障电力系统安全可靠运行,提高电能质量是研究的重要课题。继电保护系统能反映电力系统故障和不正常状态。一旦出现这些状况,保护系统将会使断路器跳闸或发出报警,自动、迅速和有选择地切除故障组件,使电力系统免遭损坏。
微机保护系统是继电保护的第4代改进系统,是目前继电保护领域的重要研究课题。本文基于对传统继电保护系统的对比研究,提出了一种基于ARM9的微机保护系统通用开发平台。文中详细讨论了该系统的原理与构成;着重分析了以Atmel公司32位嵌入式微处理器AT91RM9200为核心的嵌入式系统硬件设计原理,给出了电路设计原理图。并以110kV线路保护的实际应用为例,讨论了系统的配置、软件设计以及相应的抗干扰措施。
本文研究设计的微机保护系统具有网络化、智能化和综合自动化的特点,系统可提供多种通讯方式,具有可靠性高、扩展能力强等特点;选取的微机保护算法具有运算速度快和精度高的双重优点;提出的抑制电磁干扰措施使系统具有良好的电磁兼容特性。
该系统目前已通过调试,初步运行效果表明,该设计是成功的,动作快速准确,通信可靠,各项性能指标和功能均达到预期目标和要求。随着计算机技术的发展,基于嵌入式实时操作系统的微机保护装置将是电力系统微机保护的主要发展方向。
With the rapid development of national economy, the scale of power system becomes larger and larger, and its structure gets more and more complicated. Because of the influence of man-made or nature factors, some faults results in the system out of action, which always happens. Therefore, it is an important task to guarantee that the electric power system runs in safe reliability, and improve the quality of power energy. The relay protection system is an automation system that can detect the fault and deviant state of electric power system, and drive the breaker’s action or send out the alarm message. The role of protection relay system is to cut off the fault module in automatic, rapid and selective manner so as to avoid destroying system.
Microcomputer protection system is the fourth age of relay protection system. Nowadays, it has become the main research subject in the domain of relay protection. The paper puts forward a universal ARM9 platform of microcomputer protection system based on comparison research of the traditional protection relay system. The paper introduces the principle and the model of the system detailedly; analyzes the hardware design principle based on the 32bits embedded microprocessor AT91RM9200 produced by Atmel Corp; shows the schematic circuit diagram. At the same time, taking the example of 110kV line protection, discusses the system configuration, sofaware design and relevant anti-jamming measure.
Microcomputer protection system designed in this paper has such characteristics as network, intelligence and integrated automation, and provides a variety of communication ways which possess high reliability and the ability of extensibility; the microcomputer protection arithmetics selected take on two excellences of the rapid speed and the high precision; the measures to restrain EMI (electro magnetic interference) enable the system to own nice EMC (electro magnetic compatibility).
At present, the system has got through test; the preliminary running effect shows that the design is successful. It has fast response and correct communication, its performance and function meets the designed requirements and target. Along with the development of the computer thchnology, the microcomputer protection device based on the embedded real-time operating system will become the main developing direction of relay protection based on microcomputer in power system.
微机保护系统是继电保护的第4代改进系统,是目前继电保护领域的重要研究课题。本文基于对传统继电保护系统的对比研究,提出了一种基于ARM9的微机保护系统通用开发平台。文中详细讨论了该系统的原理与构成;着重分析了以Atmel公司32位嵌入式微处理器AT91RM9200为核心的嵌入式系统硬件设计原理,给出了电路设计原理图。并以110kV线路保护的实际应用为例,讨论了系统的配置、软件设计以及相应的抗干扰措施。
本文研究设计的微机保护系统具有网络化、智能化和综合自动化的特点,系统可提供多种通讯方式,具有可靠性高、扩展能力强等特点;选取的微机保护算法具有运算速度快和精度高的双重优点;提出的抑制电磁干扰措施使系统具有良好的电磁兼容特性。
该系统目前已通过调试,初步运行效果表明,该设计是成功的,动作快速准确,通信可靠,各项性能指标和功能均达到预期目标和要求。随着计算机技术的发展,基于嵌入式实时操作系统的微机保护装置将是电力系统微机保护的主要发展方向。
With the rapid development of national economy, the scale of power system becomes larger and larger, and its structure gets more and more complicated. Because of the influence of man-made or nature factors, some faults results in the system out of action, which always happens. Therefore, it is an important task to guarantee that the electric power system runs in safe reliability, and improve the quality of power energy. The relay protection system is an automation system that can detect the fault and deviant state of electric power system, and drive the breaker’s action or send out the alarm message. The role of protection relay system is to cut off the fault module in automatic, rapid and selective manner so as to avoid destroying system.
Microcomputer protection system is the fourth age of relay protection system. Nowadays, it has become the main research subject in the domain of relay protection. The paper puts forward a universal ARM9 platform of microcomputer protection system based on comparison research of the traditional protection relay system. The paper introduces the principle and the model of the system detailedly; analyzes the hardware design principle based on the 32bits embedded microprocessor AT91RM9200 produced by Atmel Corp; shows the schematic circuit diagram. At the same time, taking the example of 110kV line protection, discusses the system configuration, sofaware design and relevant anti-jamming measure.
Microcomputer protection system designed in this paper has such characteristics as network, intelligence and integrated automation, and provides a variety of communication ways which possess high reliability and the ability of extensibility; the microcomputer protection arithmetics selected take on two excellences of the rapid speed and the high precision; the measures to restrain EMI (electro magnetic interference) enable the system to own nice EMC (electro magnetic compatibility).
At present, the system has got through test; the preliminary running effect shows that the design is successful. It has fast response and correct communication, its performance and function meets the designed requirements and target. Along with the development of the computer thchnology, the microcomputer protection device based on the embedded real-time operating system will become the main developing direction of relay protection based on microcomputer in power system.
引文
[1] 曾祥君,刘正谊. 微机保护概述. 大众用电,2004,(3):41-42
[2] Dugui Wu, Zhiheng Xu. Development and prospect of microprocessor-based protection relays in China. Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition 2002. Asia Pacific. IEEE/PES, Vol.1, Oct. 2002, pp618- 623
[3] 李俊年. 电力系统继电保护. 北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[4] 景胜. 我国微机保护的现状与发展. 继电器,2001,(10):1-4
[5] Negnevitsky M, Pavlovsky V. Neural networks approach to online identification of multiple failures of protection systems. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on Vol.20, April 2005, pp588-594
[6] Jing-Hua Chen, Shao-Hua Chen, Yi-Min Yang. Study on Adaptive Protection Relay System Based on Multi-Agent. Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2005, Proceedings of 2005 International Conference on Vol.1, pp18-21
[7] Brash David. The ARM Architecture Version6 (ARMv6), ARM Ltd., 2000
[8] ARM Architecture reference Manual. Advanced RISC Machines Ltd. (ARM),1999
[9] S.Furber. ARM System-on-Chip Architecture, Pearson Education Limited Press, 2000:59-87
[10] 周立功. ARM 微控制器基础与实践. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[11] 杜春雷. ARM 体系结构与编程. 北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[12] 马忠梅. ARM 嵌入式处理器与嵌入式系统. 电子世界,2003,(3):41-42.
[13] P. Marwedel, S. Devadas. Embedded Systems and Software and Compliers for Embedded: Preface. Joint Conference on Languages. Compliers and Tools for Embedded Systems and Software and Complier for Embedded Systems, 2002: 3
[14] E. Akhmetshina, P. Gburzynski, F. Vizeacoumar. PicOS: A Tiny Operating System for Extremely Small Embedded Platforms. International Conference on Embedded Systems and Applications, 2006:116-122
[15] Yi Luo, Zengxian Tan, Yuegang Lu, Tao Tian. Design and Development of Optimizing and Tuning Instrument for Control Systems Based on WinCE Embedded Operation System. Journal of Scientific Intrument, 2003, 24(8):519
[16] Mo Guan, Guangjie Han, Wenbo Zhang, Hai Zhao. WebitX: A Real-time Operating System for Embedded Internet Applications. Journal of Northeastern University, 2004, 25(7):649-652
[17] G.S. Brar, S. Biswas, S. Kundu, A. Mukhopadhyay, P. Worah, A. Basu. An Application Specific Operating System for an Embedded Environment. IEEE International Conference, 2004, 17:776-779
[18] T. Larsen, D. Langan, S. Atkins. An Object-oriented Operating System for Embedded Real-time Applications. ACM Computer Science Conference, 1993:60-65
[19] Yanbin Qu, Jianyong Su, Liguo Feng. Design and Implementation of RTU Based on the Embedded Operation System μC/OS-II. 2004 IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies, 2004:623-626
[20] Ye Yang, Zhen Liu. Porting and Application of Embedded Operation System μC/OS-II. Journal of East China Shipbuilding Institute, 2003,17(2):35
[21] Atmel. Datasheet of AT91RM9200, http://www.atmel.com, 2003
[22] ARM. Technical Reference Manual of ARM920T, http://www.arm.com, 2001
[23] 陈赜. ARM9 嵌入式技术及 LINUX 高级实践教程. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[24] 黄海波,艾勇. 基于以太网的光无线通信系统的设计与实现. 电子技术应用,2004,(2):40-42
[25] 天津市电力公司. 变电运行现场操作技术. 北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[26] 周立功. ARM 与嵌入式系统基础教程. 广东:广州周立功单片机展有限公司,2004
[27] 周润景,袁伟亭. Cadence 高速电路板设计与仿真. 北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[28] 吴迪. 110kV 线路微机保护装置的研究. 武汉:武汉大学硕士学位论文,2004,4
[29] 黄恺,孙苓生. 继电保护傅氏算法中滤除直流分量的一种简便算法. 电力系统自动化,2003,27(4):50-51
[30] 张艳霞,刘天绪,杨钢. 消除傅氏算法中衰减非直流分量的方法在信号频率偏离额定值时的特性研究. 继电器,2003,(4):15-17
[31] 王建绩,杨梅,纪延超,柳焯. 一种递推式单次谐波快速傅立叶算法. 继电器,2003,(5):14-15
[32] 税正中,施怀瑾. 电力系统继电保护. 重庆:重庆大学出版社,2003
[33] 刘学军,段慧达. 继电保护原理. 北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[34] 罗钰玲. 电力系统微机继电保护. 北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[35] 刘艳荣. 基于 DSP 的多功能微机保护实验装置的软件研究和设计. 长沙:湖南大学硕士学位论文,2005,5
[36] 李晶皎,王爱侠,张广渊等. ColdFire 系列 32 微处理器与嵌入式 Linux 应用. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005,6
[37] 杨吟梅. 变电站内电磁兼容问题――有关的基本概念. 电网技术,1997,(2):61-69
[38] Designing for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) with HCMOS Microcontrollers,Motorola Inc.,2000
[39] 顾海洲,马双武. PCB 电磁兼容技术——设计实践. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004
[2] Dugui Wu, Zhiheng Xu. Development and prospect of microprocessor-based protection relays in China. Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition 2002. Asia Pacific. IEEE/PES, Vol.1, Oct. 2002, pp618- 623
[3] 李俊年. 电力系统继电保护. 北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[4] 景胜. 我国微机保护的现状与发展. 继电器,2001,(10):1-4
[5] Negnevitsky M, Pavlovsky V. Neural networks approach to online identification of multiple failures of protection systems. Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on Vol.20, April 2005, pp588-594
[6] Jing-Hua Chen, Shao-Hua Chen, Yi-Min Yang. Study on Adaptive Protection Relay System Based on Multi-Agent. Machine Learning and Cybernetics, 2005, Proceedings of 2005 International Conference on Vol.1, pp18-21
[7] Brash David. The ARM Architecture Version6 (ARMv6), ARM Ltd., 2000
[8] ARM Architecture reference Manual. Advanced RISC Machines Ltd. (ARM),1999
[9] S.Furber. ARM System-on-Chip Architecture, Pearson Education Limited Press, 2000:59-87
[10] 周立功. ARM 微控制器基础与实践. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[11] 杜春雷. ARM 体系结构与编程. 北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[12] 马忠梅. ARM 嵌入式处理器与嵌入式系统. 电子世界,2003,(3):41-42.
[13] P. Marwedel, S. Devadas. Embedded Systems and Software and Compliers for Embedded: Preface. Joint Conference on Languages. Compliers and Tools for Embedded Systems and Software and Complier for Embedded Systems, 2002: 3
[14] E. Akhmetshina, P. Gburzynski, F. Vizeacoumar. PicOS: A Tiny Operating System for Extremely Small Embedded Platforms. International Conference on Embedded Systems and Applications, 2006:116-122
[15] Yi Luo, Zengxian Tan, Yuegang Lu, Tao Tian. Design and Development of Optimizing and Tuning Instrument for Control Systems Based on WinCE Embedded Operation System. Journal of Scientific Intrument, 2003, 24(8):519
[16] Mo Guan, Guangjie Han, Wenbo Zhang, Hai Zhao. WebitX: A Real-time Operating System for Embedded Internet Applications. Journal of Northeastern University, 2004, 25(7):649-652
[17] G.S. Brar, S. Biswas, S. Kundu, A. Mukhopadhyay, P. Worah, A. Basu. An Application Specific Operating System for an Embedded Environment. IEEE International Conference, 2004, 17:776-779
[18] T. Larsen, D. Langan, S. Atkins. An Object-oriented Operating System for Embedded Real-time Applications. ACM Computer Science Conference, 1993:60-65
[19] Yanbin Qu, Jianyong Su, Liguo Feng. Design and Implementation of RTU Based on the Embedded Operation System μC/OS-II. 2004 IEEE International Conference on Electric Utility Deregulation, Restructuring and Power Technologies, 2004:623-626
[20] Ye Yang, Zhen Liu. Porting and Application of Embedded Operation System μC/OS-II. Journal of East China Shipbuilding Institute, 2003,17(2):35
[21] Atmel. Datasheet of AT91RM9200, http://www.atmel.com, 2003
[22] ARM. Technical Reference Manual of ARM920T, http://www.arm.com, 2001
[23] 陈赜. ARM9 嵌入式技术及 LINUX 高级实践教程. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[24] 黄海波,艾勇. 基于以太网的光无线通信系统的设计与实现. 电子技术应用,2004,(2):40-42
[25] 天津市电力公司. 变电运行现场操作技术. 北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[26] 周立功. ARM 与嵌入式系统基础教程. 广东:广州周立功单片机展有限公司,2004
[27] 周润景,袁伟亭. Cadence 高速电路板设计与仿真. 北京:电子工业出版社,2006
[28] 吴迪. 110kV 线路微机保护装置的研究. 武汉:武汉大学硕士学位论文,2004,4
[29] 黄恺,孙苓生. 继电保护傅氏算法中滤除直流分量的一种简便算法. 电力系统自动化,2003,27(4):50-51
[30] 张艳霞,刘天绪,杨钢. 消除傅氏算法中衰减非直流分量的方法在信号频率偏离额定值时的特性研究. 继电器,2003,(4):15-17
[31] 王建绩,杨梅,纪延超,柳焯. 一种递推式单次谐波快速傅立叶算法. 继电器,2003,(5):14-15
[32] 税正中,施怀瑾. 电力系统继电保护. 重庆:重庆大学出版社,2003
[33] 刘学军,段慧达. 继电保护原理. 北京:中国电力出版社,2004
[34] 罗钰玲. 电力系统微机继电保护. 北京:人民邮电出版社,2005
[35] 刘艳荣. 基于 DSP 的多功能微机保护实验装置的软件研究和设计. 长沙:湖南大学硕士学位论文,2005,5
[36] 李晶皎,王爱侠,张广渊等. ColdFire 系列 32 微处理器与嵌入式 Linux 应用. 北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005,6
[37] 杨吟梅. 变电站内电磁兼容问题――有关的基本概念. 电网技术,1997,(2):61-69
[38] Designing for Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) with HCMOS Microcontrollers,Motorola Inc.,2000
[39] 顾海洲,马双武. PCB 电磁兼容技术——设计实践. 北京:清华大学出版社,2004