WSN定位技术及其在矿井人员定位中的应用研究
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摘要
煤矿井下环境复杂,存在多种安全隐患。近年来我国煤矿事故频繁发生,造成重大人员伤亡和经济损失,现有的煤矿安全系统已经无法满足安全生产需要。无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN)是集无线通讯、数据采集和信息处理功能于一体的新型分布式自组织数据采集网络,具有低成本、低功耗等特点,适合于煤矿井下的应用,将WSN技术应用于煤矿人员定位,将有效地提高煤矿安全生产监控和管理水平。
定位技术是WSN的一项关键技术,在其应用中不知道节点位置监测到的信息是没有意义的,确定节点位置是对煤矿人员实施定位的根本问题。
文章系统研究了WSN定位技术的定位机制,定位算法使用性能等,并重点对WSN定位算法在煤矿井下的应用进行了深入研究,针对煤矿环境的特点提出了适用于该环境的双半径定位算法,同时提出了适合于该算法实施和矿井环境的阶梯型节点布设方案。
研究内容主要包括:
(1) WSN定位算法及其适用性研究:文章对WSN定位算法的定位原理和特点进行了研究,并从算法的定位精度、信标节点密度、硬件要求、节点布设要求等角度进行研究,得出了典型定位算法的适用性能。
(2)适合矿井环境下应用的定位算法研究:文章结合矿井下的特殊环境和定位算法特点选择较适合矿井下应用的质心定位算法,并分析其存在不足,在此基础上对该算法进行优化改进,提出了双半径定位算法,并对算法进行了仿真验证,仿真显示定位误差由10.51%降低到了3.62%,有效地提高了节点的定位精度。
(3)节点布设研究:文章针对矿井特殊环境和双半径算法的特点提出了阶梯型节点布设方案,该布设方案能够有效提高节点定位精度、全面均衡获取监测信息以及控制节点使用数量,实现了信标节点和未知节点与环境的有效结合。
The nature condition of underground coal mine is complicated that potential security risk exists. Recently in our country, coal mine accidents occurred frequently; resulting in heavy casualties and economic losses, the existing coal mine safety monitoring system has been unable to meet the needs of coal mine safety production. Wireless sensor network is the set of wireless communications, data collection and in formation processing function of the new type of self-organization of distributed data acquisition network, with a unified technical standards and low-cost, Low-power characteristics, and so on. Applying WSN technology to coal mine safety monitoring will effectively increase the production of coal mine safety supervision and management.
Localization technology is a key technology in WSN. In its application, the information monitored by the node is meaningless if the node localization is unknown. To define the node localization is a fundamental issue to locate the coal miners. This article studies the mechanism of WSN localization technology, the performance of localization algorithm and etc in a systematical way, key to research WSN localization algorithm in the application of coal mine. According to environmental characteristics of coal mine, the corresponding algorithm named dual-radius localization algorithm and the ladder-type nodes layout scheme suited for algorithm implementation and coal mine are proposed.
Major work is divided into the following sections:
(1) The research on the localization technology and its applicability, the paper studies the theory and feature of algorithm in WSN and researches from point of view on t algorithm accuracy, density of beacon node, hardware requirement and node layout requirement, then concludes the application of typical algorithm.
(2) The research on algorithm adapted undermining: The paper chooses the better algorithm which is suitable for applying in undermining environment with combining the special undermining environment with algorithm characteristic, and then analyzes the defect of algorithms. We optimize the algorithm based on the above researches, thus propose the double-radius algorithm which could increase the accuracy of algorithm and extend the application area of algorithm. Then we simulate the algorithm and prove its property, simulation results show that the algorithm error has been reduced effectively from 10.51% to 3.62%, but without additional anchor and hardware.
(3) The research on node layout: according to special environment of undermining and the characteristics of double-radius algorithm, the paper proposes a node layout scheme, which could increase the localization accuracy effectively, acquires monitoring information and the number of control node, and realizes the combination of the beacon node and unknown node with undermining environment.
定位技术是WSN的一项关键技术,在其应用中不知道节点位置监测到的信息是没有意义的,确定节点位置是对煤矿人员实施定位的根本问题。
文章系统研究了WSN定位技术的定位机制,定位算法使用性能等,并重点对WSN定位算法在煤矿井下的应用进行了深入研究,针对煤矿环境的特点提出了适用于该环境的双半径定位算法,同时提出了适合于该算法实施和矿井环境的阶梯型节点布设方案。
研究内容主要包括:
(1) WSN定位算法及其适用性研究:文章对WSN定位算法的定位原理和特点进行了研究,并从算法的定位精度、信标节点密度、硬件要求、节点布设要求等角度进行研究,得出了典型定位算法的适用性能。
(2)适合矿井环境下应用的定位算法研究:文章结合矿井下的特殊环境和定位算法特点选择较适合矿井下应用的质心定位算法,并分析其存在不足,在此基础上对该算法进行优化改进,提出了双半径定位算法,并对算法进行了仿真验证,仿真显示定位误差由10.51%降低到了3.62%,有效地提高了节点的定位精度。
(3)节点布设研究:文章针对矿井特殊环境和双半径算法的特点提出了阶梯型节点布设方案,该布设方案能够有效提高节点定位精度、全面均衡获取监测信息以及控制节点使用数量,实现了信标节点和未知节点与环境的有效结合。
The nature condition of underground coal mine is complicated that potential security risk exists. Recently in our country, coal mine accidents occurred frequently; resulting in heavy casualties and economic losses, the existing coal mine safety monitoring system has been unable to meet the needs of coal mine safety production. Wireless sensor network is the set of wireless communications, data collection and in formation processing function of the new type of self-organization of distributed data acquisition network, with a unified technical standards and low-cost, Low-power characteristics, and so on. Applying WSN technology to coal mine safety monitoring will effectively increase the production of coal mine safety supervision and management.
Localization technology is a key technology in WSN. In its application, the information monitored by the node is meaningless if the node localization is unknown. To define the node localization is a fundamental issue to locate the coal miners. This article studies the mechanism of WSN localization technology, the performance of localization algorithm and etc in a systematical way, key to research WSN localization algorithm in the application of coal mine. According to environmental characteristics of coal mine, the corresponding algorithm named dual-radius localization algorithm and the ladder-type nodes layout scheme suited for algorithm implementation and coal mine are proposed.
Major work is divided into the following sections:
(1) The research on the localization technology and its applicability, the paper studies the theory and feature of algorithm in WSN and researches from point of view on t algorithm accuracy, density of beacon node, hardware requirement and node layout requirement, then concludes the application of typical algorithm.
(2) The research on algorithm adapted undermining: The paper chooses the better algorithm which is suitable for applying in undermining environment with combining the special undermining environment with algorithm characteristic, and then analyzes the defect of algorithms. We optimize the algorithm based on the above researches, thus propose the double-radius algorithm which could increase the accuracy of algorithm and extend the application area of algorithm. Then we simulate the algorithm and prove its property, simulation results show that the algorithm error has been reduced effectively from 10.51% to 3.62%, but without additional anchor and hardware.
(3) The research on node layout: according to special environment of undermining and the characteristics of double-radius algorithm, the paper proposes a node layout scheme, which could increase the localization accuracy effectively, acquires monitoring information and the number of control node, and realizes the combination of the beacon node and unknown node with undermining environment.
引文
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[2]刘志寒,姚萌.煤矿安全实时监测与控制信息系统的实现.工矿自动化[J]. 2005, 2: 4~6.
[3]赵俊.基于无线传感器网络的煤矿瓦斯监测系统[D].江苏大学硕士学文, 2007. 6.
[4]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,朱红松编著.无线传感器网络[M].北京:清华大学出版社, 2005.6.
[5]王福豹,史龙,任丰原.无线传感器网络中的自身定位系统和算法[J].软件学报, 2005, 16(5):857~868.
[6]任丰原,黄海宁,林闯.无线传感器网络[J].软件学报, 2003, 4(7):1282~1291.
[7] Enrique S N, Vicekanandan V, Wong W S V. Dual and mixture monte carol localization algorithms for mobile wireless sensor networks[C]. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. Hong Kong: IEEE Press: 317~328. 2007.
[8]杨维,周嗣勇,乔华.煤矿安全监测无线传感器网络节点定位技术[J].煤炭学报, 2007. 32(6): 652~656.
[9] Ignacio Solis and Katia Obraczka. The Impact of Timing in Data Aggregation for Sensor Networks [J]. In: IFEh: Int I Conf .on Communications.vol6:3640~3645. 2004.
[10]刘刚,周兴社,马骏岩,王刚.传感器网络节点的测距与定位[J].传感器与仪器仪表, 2007, 23(5):189~195.
[11] Niculescu D, Nath B. DV based positioning in ad hoc networks [J]. Journal of Telecommunication Systems, 22(1/4):267~280. 2003.
[12]程丽君.入井人员跟踪定位系统方案选择及基于Zigbee网络平台的人员跟踪定位系统[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文, 2006. 12.
[13]王殊,胡富平,屈晓旭编著.无线传感器网络的理论及应用[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2007.
[14] Rudafshanim, Datta S. Localization in wireless ad hoc sensor networks[C]. International Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks. Cambridge: ACM Press: 51~60. 2007.
[15]李晓维,徐勇军,任丰原.无线传感器网络技术[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社, 2007. 8.
[16]张先毅.基于无线传感器网络节点部署环境的建模仿真系统[D].山东师范大学硕士学位论文, 2009,5.
[17] Gupta G, Younis M. Fault-tolerant clastering of wireless sensor networks. In Proc. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking (WCNC 2003), Press: 16~20. 2003. (3).
[18]邱岩,赵冲冲,戴桂兰,胡长军.无线传感器网络节点定位技术研究[J].计算机科学, 2008.35(5):47~50.
[19] Akeyildizi F, Su W, Sankrasubrmaniam Y,et al. Wireless sensor networks: a survey[J]. ComputerNetwork, 38(4):395~398. 2002.
[20]张晓彤等编著.无线传感器网络与人工生命[M].国防工业出版社, 2008.6.
[21]陈川涛,周小佳,刘慧君,王蕾.无线传感器网络节点定位算法在智能公交系统的应用与比较[J].工业控制, 2007, 20(6):50~51.
[22]左正,石琴,吴俊.无线传感器网络在智能公交中的应用[J].工业控制计算机, 2007, 20(9): 70~71.
[23]李生辰.无线传感器网络在智能家居系统中的应用[D].辽宁工学院硕士学位论文, 2007.3.
[24] Sundaram N, Ramanathan P. Connectivity based estimation scheme for wireless ad hoc networks. In: Proc. of the 2002 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conf. Vol.1, Taipei: IEEE Communications Society, 143~147. 2002.
[25]左正.基于无线传感器网络的井下定位系统研究[D].合肥工业大学硕士学位论文, 2008, 3
[26]张嘉怡.无线传感器网络在煤矿安全监测中的应用[D].西南交通大学硕士学位论文,2008,1.
[27]文举.无线传感器网络在煤矿安全监控中的应用研究[D].电子科技大学硕士学位论文, 2008,3.
[28]白进京,严新平,张存保.基于加权质心和DV-Hop混合算法WSN定位方法研究[J].计算机应用研究, 2009.26(6), 2248~2250.
[29]李兆斌,魏占祯,徐凤麟.无线传感器网络增强的质心定位算法及性能分析[J].传感技术学,2009, 4(22):563~566.
[30]安恂,蒋挺,周正.一种用于无线传感器网络的质心定位算法[J].计算机工程与应用. 2007, 43(20):136~138.
[31]程远国,徐辉.传感器网络加权质心自定位算法[J].计算机工程与应用, 2009,45(7):105~107.
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