基于TinyOS的无线传感器网络节点设计与应用研究
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摘要
物联网作为新一代信息技术,在国内外受到了广泛关注。作为物联网研究领域的一个重要分支,无线传感器网络是当今无线通信领域研究热点之一。无线传感器网络广泛应用于军事上兵力和装备监控、农业生态环境监测、环保监测、医疗监护等领域。
首先论文分析概括了无线传感器网络技术和室内环境监测系统的研究现状,在此基础上设计了具有节点定位功能的无线传感器网络室内环境监测系统的方案,给出了系统的软硬件设计指标和系统体系结构。
其次,在分析比较现有无线传感器网络节点平台的基础上,研究了以超低功耗处理器MSP430F1611、无线通信芯片CC2420和温湿度传感器SHT11为核心的传感器节点的硬件设计和嵌入式操作系统TinyOS(TinyMicro Threading Operating System)下的各模块驱动设计和树路由的软件设计。
再次,为实现设计方案中节点定位功能,在自行设计的传感器节点平台基础上,研究了基于接收信号强度(Received Signal Strength Indication, RSSI)节点定位。节点定位功能的研究主要包括基于RSSI的测距和定位算法的仿真实现两方面。
最后,利用自行设计的传感器节点,搭建基于树路由的传感器网络,采集传感器节点所在位置的室内环境信息,并通过树路由传递给汇聚节点。汇聚节点通过串口将采集到的环境信息传递到管理终端,实现节点采集信息可视化显示和节点之间的路由状态显示。通过上述实验,验证了方案设计的合理性和有效性。
As a new generation of information technology, Internet of Things (IOT) attracts widespread attention at home and abroad. As an important branch of IOT, wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the focus of today's research on wireless communication. Wireless sensor networks are widely used in military forces and equipment monitoring, agro-ecological environment monitoring, environmental monitoring, medical care and other fields.
Firstly, the paper summarizes the research status on wireless sensor network technology and indoor environment monitoring system, designs an indoor environment monitoring system solution with the ability of nodes location and gives the system's hardware and software design index and system architecture.
Secondly, the paper studies the hardware design of sensor nodes based on ultra low-power processor MSP430F1611, wireless communications chip CC2420 and the temperature and humidity sensors SHT11, and the software design of each driving modular and tree routing based on the embedded operating systems TinyOS (TinyMicro Threading Operating System).
Again, in order to realize the function of node location, the paper studies the node location based on the received signal strength (Received Signal Strength Indication, RSSI) under the self-designed sensor node platform. The research on the location of node mainly includes RSSI-based ranging and location algorithms simulation.
Finally, the paper builds a tree-based routing wireless sensor network using the self-designed sensor nodes, gathers the indoor environmental information of sensor nodes and passes the information to the sink node through the tree routing. Sink node passes the collected environmental information to the host computer through the serial port in order to achieve the display of collected information and the routing status between different nodes. Through the spoken experiment, it verifies the reasonable and effective of the design.
首先论文分析概括了无线传感器网络技术和室内环境监测系统的研究现状,在此基础上设计了具有节点定位功能的无线传感器网络室内环境监测系统的方案,给出了系统的软硬件设计指标和系统体系结构。
其次,在分析比较现有无线传感器网络节点平台的基础上,研究了以超低功耗处理器MSP430F1611、无线通信芯片CC2420和温湿度传感器SHT11为核心的传感器节点的硬件设计和嵌入式操作系统TinyOS(TinyMicro Threading Operating System)下的各模块驱动设计和树路由的软件设计。
再次,为实现设计方案中节点定位功能,在自行设计的传感器节点平台基础上,研究了基于接收信号强度(Received Signal Strength Indication, RSSI)节点定位。节点定位功能的研究主要包括基于RSSI的测距和定位算法的仿真实现两方面。
最后,利用自行设计的传感器节点,搭建基于树路由的传感器网络,采集传感器节点所在位置的室内环境信息,并通过树路由传递给汇聚节点。汇聚节点通过串口将采集到的环境信息传递到管理终端,实现节点采集信息可视化显示和节点之间的路由状态显示。通过上述实验,验证了方案设计的合理性和有效性。
As a new generation of information technology, Internet of Things (IOT) attracts widespread attention at home and abroad. As an important branch of IOT, wireless sensor network (WSN) is one of the focus of today's research on wireless communication. Wireless sensor networks are widely used in military forces and equipment monitoring, agro-ecological environment monitoring, environmental monitoring, medical care and other fields.
Firstly, the paper summarizes the research status on wireless sensor network technology and indoor environment monitoring system, designs an indoor environment monitoring system solution with the ability of nodes location and gives the system's hardware and software design index and system architecture.
Secondly, the paper studies the hardware design of sensor nodes based on ultra low-power processor MSP430F1611, wireless communications chip CC2420 and the temperature and humidity sensors SHT11, and the software design of each driving modular and tree routing based on the embedded operating systems TinyOS (TinyMicro Threading Operating System).
Again, in order to realize the function of node location, the paper studies the node location based on the received signal strength (Received Signal Strength Indication, RSSI) under the self-designed sensor node platform. The research on the location of node mainly includes RSSI-based ranging and location algorithms simulation.
Finally, the paper builds a tree-based routing wireless sensor network using the self-designed sensor nodes, gathers the indoor environmental information of sensor nodes and passes the information to the sink node through the tree routing. Sink node passes the collected environmental information to the host computer through the serial port in order to achieve the display of collected information and the routing status between different nodes. Through the spoken experiment, it verifies the reasonable and effective of the design.
引文
[1]张用民.数字城市建设中的物联网技术框架与标准体系研究.中国信息界,2010.
[2]International Telecommunication Union UIT.ITU Internet Reports 2005:The Internet of Things[R].2005.
[3]Commission of the European Communities. Internet of Things—An Action Plan for Europe.1ST Edition. Brussels:COM(2009) 278.2009:1-12.
[4]物联网概念http://baike.baidu.com/view/1136308.htm.
[5]刘强,崔莉,陈海明.物联网关键技术与应用[J].计算机科学,2010,37(6).
[6]周洪波,胡海峰,邵晓风.M2M产业——“两化”融合的核心推动力[J].中国制造业信息化,2009,38(11).
[7]崔莉,鞠海玲,等.无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2005,42(1)：163-174.
[8]Akyildiz I F, Su Weilian, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E. A survey on sensor networks. IEEE Communications Magazine,2002.
[9]Pister K, Hohlt B, Jeong J, Doherty L, Vainio J P. Ivy--A sensor network infrastructure.2003.
[10]易观国际.物联网白皮书系列之一—无线传感器网络的机遇与挑战.2009.12.
[11]任丰原,黄海宁,林闯.无线传感器网络.软件学报,2003,14(2)：1148.1157.
[12]Pering T A, Burd T D, and Brodersen R W. The simulation and evaluation of dynamic voltage scaling algorithms". ISLPED, p76-81,1998.
[13]D.Estrin, R.Govindan, J.Heidemann, S.Kumar. Next Century Challenges:Scalable Coordination in Sensor Networks. In:Proc. of Mobicom, Seattle, USA, p263-270,1999.
[14]Smart Dust:http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/pister/SmartDust.
[15]Wireless integrated network sensors. www.janet.ucla.edu.UCLA.2005.
[16]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,等.无线传感器网络[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[17]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛.无线传感器网络综述.通信学报,2004,Vol.25(4)：114-124.
[18]C.-Y.Chong.Sensor Networks:Evolution, Opportunities, and Challenges. IEEE,0018-9219/03.
[19]国务院.国家中长期科学与技术发展规划纲要.http://news.sina.com.cn/.
[20]齐飞.2007年温室装备产业发展与技术发展形势综述(二)[J].农业工程技术(温室园艺),2007,(5)：13-14.
[21]姜连祥,汪小燕.无线传感器网络硬件设计综述.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006年11期.
[22]于宏毅,李欧,张效义等.无线传感器网络理论、技术与实现.国防工业出版社,2008.
[23]Joseph Polastre, Robert Szewczyk, David Culler. Telos:Enabling Ultralow Power Wireless Research. Computer Science Department University of California, Berkeley. IEEE,2005.
[24]Tmote-sky-datasheet. Moteiv Corporation.2006.
[25]MSP430F161x Mixed Signal Microcontroller data sheet SLAS361. Texas Instruments.
[26]MSP430xlxx Family User's Guide SLAU049. Texas Instuments.
[27]CC2420 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4TM/ZigBeeTM-ready RF Transceiver data sheet. Chipcon 802.15.4TM-by Jose A. Gutierrez, Edgar H. Callaway, Jr.,and Raymond L. Barrett, Jr.,IEEETM Press,2003.
[28]802.15.4-2003 IEEETM Standard for Information Technology-Part 15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANS), IEEE Press,2003.
[29]TK717xxS_datasheet. Toko.
[30]ADG715Bru_datasheet. Analog Devices.
[31]SHTlx_datasheet. SENSIRION.
[32]姜连祥,许培陪.温湿度传感器SHT11的感测系统设计.新器件新技术,2007(4).
[33]TinyOS:http://www.tinyos.net.
[34]李晓维,徐勇军,任丰原.无线传感器网络技术.北京：北京理工大学出版社.2007.
[35]Levis, Philip Alexander. TinyOS:An open operating system for wireless sensor networks. Proceedings-IEEE International Conference On Mobile Data Management, v 2006,2006,7th International Conference on Mobile Data Management,2006.
[36]Shamir A.无线电传播简介：专用术语,室内传播和路径损耗及实例[J].今日电子,2002：26-30.
[37]章坚武,张路等.基于ZigBee的RSSI测距研究,传感技术学报,Vol.22,NO.2,Feb.2009.
[38]方震,赵湛等.基于RSSI测距分析,传感技术学报,Vol.20,No.11,NOV.2007.
[39]孙佩刚,赵海等.智能空间中RSSI定位问题研究,电子学报,2007年7月,第7期.
[40]张婵爱,马艳艳等.基于RSSI的加权质心定位算法的实现,太原理工大学学报,Vol.40 No.2Mar.2009.
[41]曹小红,李颖等.无线传感器网络节点定位技术综述,信息技术,2009年第7期.
[42]Guoqiang Mao, Baris Fidan, Brian D.O. Anderson. Wireless sensor network localization techniques. Computer Networks 51, p2529-2553,2007.
[43]王福豹,史龙,任丰原.无线传感器网络中的自身定位系统和算法[J],软件学报,2005,16(5)：857-868.
[2]International Telecommunication Union UIT.ITU Internet Reports 2005:The Internet of Things[R].2005.
[3]Commission of the European Communities. Internet of Things—An Action Plan for Europe.1ST Edition. Brussels:COM(2009) 278.2009:1-12.
[4]物联网概念http://baike.baidu.com/view/1136308.htm.
[5]刘强,崔莉,陈海明.物联网关键技术与应用[J].计算机科学,2010,37(6).
[6]周洪波,胡海峰,邵晓风.M2M产业——“两化”融合的核心推动力[J].中国制造业信息化,2009,38(11).
[7]崔莉,鞠海玲,等.无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2005,42(1)：163-174.
[8]Akyildiz I F, Su Weilian, Sankarasubramaniam Y, Cayirci E. A survey on sensor networks. IEEE Communications Magazine,2002.
[9]Pister K, Hohlt B, Jeong J, Doherty L, Vainio J P. Ivy--A sensor network infrastructure.2003.
[10]易观国际.物联网白皮书系列之一—无线传感器网络的机遇与挑战.2009.12.
[11]任丰原,黄海宁,林闯.无线传感器网络.软件学报,2003,14(2)：1148.1157.
[12]Pering T A, Burd T D, and Brodersen R W. The simulation and evaluation of dynamic voltage scaling algorithms". ISLPED, p76-81,1998.
[13]D.Estrin, R.Govindan, J.Heidemann, S.Kumar. Next Century Challenges:Scalable Coordination in Sensor Networks. In:Proc. of Mobicom, Seattle, USA, p263-270,1999.
[14]Smart Dust:http://robotics.eecs.berkeley.edu/pister/SmartDust.
[15]Wireless integrated network sensors. www.janet.ucla.edu.UCLA.2005.
[16]孙利民,李建中,陈渝,等.无线传感器网络[M].北京：清华大学出版社,2005.
[17]马祖长,孙怡宁,梅涛.无线传感器网络综述.通信学报,2004,Vol.25(4)：114-124.
[18]C.-Y.Chong.Sensor Networks:Evolution, Opportunities, and Challenges. IEEE,0018-9219/03.
[19]国务院.国家中长期科学与技术发展规划纲要.http://news.sina.com.cn/.
[20]齐飞.2007年温室装备产业发展与技术发展形势综述(二)[J].农业工程技术(温室园艺),2007,(5)：13-14.
[21]姜连祥,汪小燕.无线传感器网络硬件设计综述.单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2006年11期.
[22]于宏毅,李欧,张效义等.无线传感器网络理论、技术与实现.国防工业出版社,2008.
[23]Joseph Polastre, Robert Szewczyk, David Culler. Telos:Enabling Ultralow Power Wireless Research. Computer Science Department University of California, Berkeley. IEEE,2005.
[24]Tmote-sky-datasheet. Moteiv Corporation.2006.
[25]MSP430F161x Mixed Signal Microcontroller data sheet SLAS361. Texas Instruments.
[26]MSP430xlxx Family User's Guide SLAU049. Texas Instuments.
[27]CC2420 2.4GHz IEEE 802.15.4TM/ZigBeeTM-ready RF Transceiver data sheet. Chipcon 802.15.4TM-by Jose A. Gutierrez, Edgar H. Callaway, Jr.,and Raymond L. Barrett, Jr.,IEEETM Press,2003.
[28]802.15.4-2003 IEEETM Standard for Information Technology-Part 15.4:Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY) specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(LR-WPANS), IEEE Press,2003.
[29]TK717xxS_datasheet. Toko.
[30]ADG715Bru_datasheet. Analog Devices.
[31]SHTlx_datasheet. SENSIRION.
[32]姜连祥,许培陪.温湿度传感器SHT11的感测系统设计.新器件新技术,2007(4).
[33]TinyOS:http://www.tinyos.net.
[34]李晓维,徐勇军,任丰原.无线传感器网络技术.北京：北京理工大学出版社.2007.
[35]Levis, Philip Alexander. TinyOS:An open operating system for wireless sensor networks. Proceedings-IEEE International Conference On Mobile Data Management, v 2006,2006,7th International Conference on Mobile Data Management,2006.
[36]Shamir A.无线电传播简介：专用术语,室内传播和路径损耗及实例[J].今日电子,2002：26-30.
[37]章坚武,张路等.基于ZigBee的RSSI测距研究,传感技术学报,Vol.22,NO.2,Feb.2009.
[38]方震,赵湛等.基于RSSI测距分析,传感技术学报,Vol.20,No.11,NOV.2007.
[39]孙佩刚,赵海等.智能空间中RSSI定位问题研究,电子学报,2007年7月,第7期.
[40]张婵爱,马艳艳等.基于RSSI的加权质心定位算法的实现,太原理工大学学报,Vol.40 No.2Mar.2009.
[41]曹小红,李颖等.无线传感器网络节点定位技术综述,信息技术,2009年第7期.
[42]Guoqiang Mao, Baris Fidan, Brian D.O. Anderson. Wireless sensor network localization techniques. Computer Networks 51, p2529-2553,2007.
[43]王福豹,史龙,任丰原.无线传感器网络中的自身定位系统和算法[J],软件学报,2005,16(5)：857-868.