基于ZigBee技术的煤矿井下人员定位跟踪系统的研究
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摘要
煤矿井下环境复杂,存在多种安全隐患。近年来我国煤矿事故频繁发生,造成重大人员伤亡和经济损失,现有的煤矿安全监控系统已经无法满足安全生产需要。无线传感器网络是集无线通讯、数据采集和信息处理功能于一体的新型分布式自组织数据采集网络,ZigBee技术是一种新兴的最具代表性的无线传感网络,具有统一技术标准和低成本、低功耗等特点。将ZigBee技术应用于煤矿安全监测,将有效地提高煤矿安全生产监控和管理水平。
本文深入研究了ZigBee网络技术,分析了ZigBee技术的特点并与目前主要的射频(RFID)定位技术进行了全面比较,得出了将ZigBee技术应用于井下人员定位系统的可行性与优势。在此基础上分析了井下人员定位算法的特点和适用领域,通过对算法的研究,并结合煤矿井下的实际环境和定位要求,选择了基于RSSI的定位技术作为系统依托。系统以ZigBee无线网络与光纤以太网相结合的方式作为整体方案,井下工作面部分采用ZigBee无线网络实现井下工作人员的精确定位,井上和直井部分采用光以太网通信,该方案实现了将ZigBee无线设备与以太网连接的要求。本文介绍了系统的功能设备划分,并详细研究了系统硬件结构,包括定位分站、参考节点、定位节点及ZigBee无线模块和光以太网转换器的选择方案。软件开发以TI公司提供的Z-Stack协议栈为基础,详细研究了ZigBee网络设备的工作流程,给出了各类节点通信的实现方法。最后,本文在研制的系列节点基础之上构建了系统实验模型,利用Z-location定位监视软件对系统进行实验演示,通过实验证明,将ZigBee技术应用到煤矿井下人员定位系统,可以实现人员精确定位的要求,满足了工矿企业的实际需要,有较高的实用价值。
The nature condition of underground coal mine is complicated that potential security risk exit. Recently in our country, coal mine accidents occurred frequently; resulting in heavy casualties and economic losses, the existing coal mine safety monitoring system has been unable to meet the needs of coal mine safety production. Wireless sensor networks(WSN)is the set of wireless communications, data collection and information processing functions of the new type of self-organization of distributed data acquisition networks, ZigBee technology is a most representative of the emerging wireless sensor networks, with a unified technical standards and low-cost, Low-power characteristics, and so on. Applying ZigBee technology to coal mine safety monitoring, will effectively increase the production of mine safety supervision and management.
The article study on the ZigBee network technology deeply, compares the characteristics of the ZigBee positioning and the current mainstream RFID location obtains the advantages of location using ZigBee technology. Based on this analysis of the characteristics of underground personnel positioning algorithm and application of the field, through the algorithm, combined with the actual coal mine environment, and positioning requirements, select the RSSI-based positioning technology as the system relies on. ZigBee wireless network systems with a combination of optical Ethernet as a whole program, down hole using ZigBee wireless networks face some of the staff to achieve the exact position of mine, Inoue, and some vertical wells using optical Ethernet communications, This program achieved the ZigBee wireless devices and Ethernet connectivity requirements. The article describes the function of the system equipment division, and a detailed study of the system hardware architecture, including the positioning sub-stations, reference node, blind node and the ZigBee wireless modules and optical Ethernet converter options. TI provided the Z-Stack protocol stack software development as a system-based. A detailed study of the ZigBee network equipment workflow, given various types of nodes in communication is implemented. Finally, in the development of a series of nodes to build a system based on the experimental model, the Z-location positioning system monitoring software test demonstration, through the experiments show that ZigBee technology will be applied to the coal mine personnel positioning system, can achieve precise positioning personnel requirements, to meet the practical needs of industrial and mining enterprises, with a high practical value.
本文深入研究了ZigBee网络技术,分析了ZigBee技术的特点并与目前主要的射频(RFID)定位技术进行了全面比较,得出了将ZigBee技术应用于井下人员定位系统的可行性与优势。在此基础上分析了井下人员定位算法的特点和适用领域,通过对算法的研究,并结合煤矿井下的实际环境和定位要求,选择了基于RSSI的定位技术作为系统依托。系统以ZigBee无线网络与光纤以太网相结合的方式作为整体方案,井下工作面部分采用ZigBee无线网络实现井下工作人员的精确定位,井上和直井部分采用光以太网通信,该方案实现了将ZigBee无线设备与以太网连接的要求。本文介绍了系统的功能设备划分,并详细研究了系统硬件结构,包括定位分站、参考节点、定位节点及ZigBee无线模块和光以太网转换器的选择方案。软件开发以TI公司提供的Z-Stack协议栈为基础,详细研究了ZigBee网络设备的工作流程,给出了各类节点通信的实现方法。最后,本文在研制的系列节点基础之上构建了系统实验模型,利用Z-location定位监视软件对系统进行实验演示,通过实验证明,将ZigBee技术应用到煤矿井下人员定位系统,可以实现人员精确定位的要求,满足了工矿企业的实际需要,有较高的实用价值。
The nature condition of underground coal mine is complicated that potential security risk exit. Recently in our country, coal mine accidents occurred frequently; resulting in heavy casualties and economic losses, the existing coal mine safety monitoring system has been unable to meet the needs of coal mine safety production. Wireless sensor networks(WSN)is the set of wireless communications, data collection and information processing functions of the new type of self-organization of distributed data acquisition networks, ZigBee technology is a most representative of the emerging wireless sensor networks, with a unified technical standards and low-cost, Low-power characteristics, and so on. Applying ZigBee technology to coal mine safety monitoring, will effectively increase the production of mine safety supervision and management.
The article study on the ZigBee network technology deeply, compares the characteristics of the ZigBee positioning and the current mainstream RFID location obtains the advantages of location using ZigBee technology. Based on this analysis of the characteristics of underground personnel positioning algorithm and application of the field, through the algorithm, combined with the actual coal mine environment, and positioning requirements, select the RSSI-based positioning technology as the system relies on. ZigBee wireless network systems with a combination of optical Ethernet as a whole program, down hole using ZigBee wireless networks face some of the staff to achieve the exact position of mine, Inoue, and some vertical wells using optical Ethernet communications, This program achieved the ZigBee wireless devices and Ethernet connectivity requirements. The article describes the function of the system equipment division, and a detailed study of the system hardware architecture, including the positioning sub-stations, reference node, blind node and the ZigBee wireless modules and optical Ethernet converter options. TI provided the Z-Stack protocol stack software development as a system-based. A detailed study of the ZigBee network equipment workflow, given various types of nodes in communication is implemented. Finally, in the development of a series of nodes to build a system based on the experimental model, the Z-location positioning system monitoring software test demonstration, through the experiments show that ZigBee technology will be applied to the coal mine personnel positioning system, can achieve precise positioning personnel requirements, to meet the practical needs of industrial and mining enterprises, with a high practical value.
引文
[1] IEEE Std.802.15.4-2003,”Standdard for Telecommunication and Information Exchange Between System-Local Area Medium Access Control(MAC) and Physical Layer(PHY)”Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks(WPAN)”,2003
[2] ZigBee Alliance,ZigBee Document 053474r13,December 1,2003
[3]游战清,李苏剑.无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[4] Tian He.Chengdu Huang,Brian M.Blum,John A.Stankovic,Tarek Abdelzaher Range-Free Localization Schemes in Large Scale Sensor Networks.In Proceeding of the 9th annual intenational conference on Mobile computing and networking(MobiCom),San Diego,Califomia,USA,ACM Press,2,2002
[5]王东.无线传感器网络系统设计与应用[D]:重庆大学博士学位论文,2006
[6]段渭军,王建刚,王福豹.无线传感器网络节点定位系统算法的研究和发展[J].信息与控制,2006
[7]孙佩刚,赵海等.智能空间中的RSSI定位问题研究[J].电子学报,2007
[8]张杰颖.基于RSSI和LQI的动态距离估计计算法[J].电子测量技术,2007
[9] Sayed A H,Taright A,Khajehnouri N.Network-Based Wireless Location.IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2005
[10] Gustafsson F,Gunnarsson F.Mobile Positioning using Wireless Location.IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2005
[11] Sugano,Kawazoe,Ohta Yetal.Indoor localization system using RSSI measurement of wireless sensor network based on ZigBee standard.IASTED International conference,Banff,2006
[12]付俊,陈俊杰.无线传感器网络人员定位算法[J].工况自动化,2009
[13]谢晓佳,程丽君,王勇.基于ZigBee网络平台的井下的井下人员跟踪定位系统[J].煤炭学报,2007
[14]金纯,罗祖秋等.ZigBee技术基础及案例分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007
[15]蒋延,赵成林.紫蜂技术及应用[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006
[16]李晓维,徐勇军.无线传感器网络技术[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2007
[17]吕治安.ZigBee网络原理与应用开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[18]孙继平.矿井移动通信的现状及关键科学技术问题[J].工况自动化.2009
[19]催莉,鞠海玲,苗勇等.无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2005
[20]于海斌,曾鹏,梁烨.智能无线传感器网络系统[M].北京:北京科学出盘社,2006
[21] ZigBee Specification,Version1.0. ZigBee Allicance,Inc.June 20,2005.
[22] Jeffrey Hightower,Roy want ,Gaetano Borrielo. Indoor 3D location sensing techenology Based on RF signal strength.University of Washington,seatt;e,Feb,2000
[24]冯冬芹,金建祥.工业以太网关键技术初探[J].信息与控制,2003
[25]赵洪刚,刘增宝.工业以太网控制系统在煤矿井下的应用[J].煤炭技术,2006
[26]李鹏,包政礼,刘桂同等.环形冗于工业以太网技术在矿井中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2006
[27]张林,徐钊,杨芬.矿井互逆双环光纤主干通信网络研究[J].光通信技术,2007
[28] TI CC2430 PRELIMINARY data sheet(rev.1.03).CHIPON,2005
[29]李文仲,段朝玉等.ZigBee2006无线网络与无线定位实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008
[30]李文仲,段朝玉等.ZigBee无线网络入门与实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[31]马刚.基于ZigBee的井下人员跟踪定位系统设计与实现[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2008
[32]俞海.基于ZigBee技术的煤矿井下人员定位系统研究与设计[D].合肥:合肥理工大学硕士学位论文,2007
[33]李同松.基于ZigBee技术的室内定位系统研究与实现[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2008
[34]陈闻杰.无线传感网络及其应用研究[D].复旦大学博士学位论文.2006
[35] Z-Stack Location Profile User’s Guide.Texas Instruments,2006
[36] CC3431 Location Engine.http://www.TI.com
[37] 8051 IAR Embedded Workbench Help. http://www.iar.com
[38]徐爱钧,彭秀化.单片机高级语言C51 Windows环境编程与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[2] ZigBee Alliance,ZigBee Document 053474r13,December 1,2003
[3]游战清,李苏剑.无线射频识别技术(RFID)理论与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2004
[4] Tian He.Chengdu Huang,Brian M.Blum,John A.Stankovic,Tarek Abdelzaher Range-Free Localization Schemes in Large Scale Sensor Networks.In Proceeding of the 9th annual intenational conference on Mobile computing and networking(MobiCom),San Diego,Califomia,USA,ACM Press,2,2002
[5]王东.无线传感器网络系统设计与应用[D]:重庆大学博士学位论文,2006
[6]段渭军,王建刚,王福豹.无线传感器网络节点定位系统算法的研究和发展[J].信息与控制,2006
[7]孙佩刚,赵海等.智能空间中的RSSI定位问题研究[J].电子学报,2007
[8]张杰颖.基于RSSI和LQI的动态距离估计计算法[J].电子测量技术,2007
[9] Sayed A H,Taright A,Khajehnouri N.Network-Based Wireless Location.IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2005
[10] Gustafsson F,Gunnarsson F.Mobile Positioning using Wireless Location.IEEE Signal Processing Magazine,2005
[11] Sugano,Kawazoe,Ohta Yetal.Indoor localization system using RSSI measurement of wireless sensor network based on ZigBee standard.IASTED International conference,Banff,2006
[12]付俊,陈俊杰.无线传感器网络人员定位算法[J].工况自动化,2009
[13]谢晓佳,程丽君,王勇.基于ZigBee网络平台的井下的井下人员跟踪定位系统[J].煤炭学报,2007
[14]金纯,罗祖秋等.ZigBee技术基础及案例分析[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2007
[15]蒋延,赵成林.紫蜂技术及应用[M].北京:北京邮电大学出版社,2006
[16]李晓维,徐勇军.无线传感器网络技术[M].北京:北京理工大学出版社,2007
[17]吕治安.ZigBee网络原理与应用开发[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[18]孙继平.矿井移动通信的现状及关键科学技术问题[J].工况自动化.2009
[19]催莉,鞠海玲,苗勇等.无线传感器网络研究进展[J].计算机研究与发展,2005
[20]于海斌,曾鹏,梁烨.智能无线传感器网络系统[M].北京:北京科学出盘社,2006
[21] ZigBee Specification,Version1.0. ZigBee Allicance,Inc.June 20,2005.
[22] Jeffrey Hightower,Roy want ,Gaetano Borrielo. Indoor 3D location sensing techenology Based on RF signal strength.University of Washington,seatt;e,Feb,2000
[24]冯冬芹,金建祥.工业以太网关键技术初探[J].信息与控制,2003
[25]赵洪刚,刘增宝.工业以太网控制系统在煤矿井下的应用[J].煤炭技术,2006
[26]李鹏,包政礼,刘桂同等.环形冗于工业以太网技术在矿井中的应用[J].煤炭科学技术,2006
[27]张林,徐钊,杨芬.矿井互逆双环光纤主干通信网络研究[J].光通信技术,2007
[28] TI CC2430 PRELIMINARY data sheet(rev.1.03).CHIPON,2005
[29]李文仲,段朝玉等.ZigBee2006无线网络与无线定位实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2008
[30]李文仲,段朝玉等.ZigBee无线网络入门与实战[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2007
[31]马刚.基于ZigBee的井下人员跟踪定位系统设计与实现[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2008
[32]俞海.基于ZigBee技术的煤矿井下人员定位系统研究与设计[D].合肥:合肥理工大学硕士学位论文,2007
[33]李同松.基于ZigBee技术的室内定位系统研究与实现[D].大连理工大学硕士学位论文.2008
[34]陈闻杰.无线传感网络及其应用研究[D].复旦大学博士学位论文.2006
[35] Z-Stack Location Profile User’s Guide.Texas Instruments,2006
[36] CC3431 Location Engine.http://www.TI.com
[37] 8051 IAR Embedded Workbench Help. http://www.iar.com
[38]徐爱钧,彭秀化.单片机高级语言C51 Windows环境编程与应用[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003.