无线传感器网络节点定位技术研究
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摘要
无线传感器网络(Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN)是集多点数据采集、无线传输和信息处理于一体的新型无线通信网络系统。无线传感器网络作为21世纪的一种新兴技术,已经引起了人们的极大关注。随着该技术的飞速发展,其在日常生活、环境监测、工业生产以及国防建设等各方面都获得极其广泛的应用前景。定位是无线传感器网络中多数应用的基础。对于大多数应用来说,不知道传感器节点位置而感知的数据信息没有意义,而且,无线传感器网络的某些路由机制、网络管理、目标追踪和拓扑控制等都依赖与网络中传感器节点的定位信息。因此,定位技术被作为无线传感器网络的关键技术之一,对无线传感器网络定位技术的研究具有十分重要的意义。
本文主要对无线传感器网络定位技术进行深入的分析研究。本文研究的主要内容包括：
分析无线传感器网络的发展历史、总体现状、无线传感器网络的体系结构和特点以及网络定位技术的现状及发展。
分析介绍无线传感器网络定位技术的特点、要求、及评价指标,以及基本测距定位方法,最后,分析给出几种典型的无线传感器网络节点定位算法。
对RSSI测距模型研究分析,通过实验了解模型定参和几种环境影响因素对信号传播的影响特性,针对RSSI信号容易附加噪音信号,提出了对模型参数确定时的RSSI信号选择优化处理方法,并在节点硬件上进行测试。
对DV-distance算法研究分析,考虑节点硬件体积小的实际情况,并吸收APS系列算法中DV-hop算法的优点。提出一种改进的DV-distance算法；并进行仿真实验测试,验证其有效性。
结合加权质心算法和DV-distance算法的特点,提出一种TWCD-HL混合式定位算法,该算法在DV-distance定位计算过程中两次使用加权计算,提高定位的准确度,并在不同模拟环境下对该算法进行仿真测试。
本文对RSSI模型的改进,以及设计的两种算法,在一定程度上提高了测距、定位精度,在某些应用环境下具有一定的实用性。
Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a new wireless communication network system. It is integration of multi-point data acquisition, wireless transmission and information processing technology. As an emerging technology in the 21 st century, wireless sensor networks have aroused great concern. For the past few years, WSN has accessed rapid development. and has important value of research and use in many fields, just like the daily life of human beings, industry, agriculture, environment, medical treatment, national defense and so on. The localization technology of sensor nodes is one of pivotal technologies of wireless sensor networks. The localization technology of WSN has been the basis of most of uses in WSN. In most of the applications, to obtain the position of nodes is an important precondition; otherwise, there will be no meaningful of the perception data. What's more, the localization of nodes is also the premise of some technologies, such as target tracking and geographical routing, network management, topology control. Above all, it is absolutely vital to research the technology of nodes localization.
The research of this paper is based on the analysis of a great deal of recent technical reports and research results on WSN. Its main work includes:
The research background, practical utility and present investigatory headway of WSN at home and abroad are introduced. And the research status of localization technology for WSN is summarized based on the study of a lot of related literatures.
Some related techniques of WSN and the concept and basic principles of node localization in WSN are also introduced, and some main performance evaluating criterions of localization in WSN are analyzed. At last it analyzes and compares some typical localization algoritlim.
RSSI ranging model are analyzed, and several factors Interfere with the signal propagation are find by Experiments; the data for determining the model parameters is optimized, finally, it marked an experiment in the Nodes, and proved its effectiveness.
DV-distance localization algorithm is analyzed. Based on the shortage of DV-distance algorithm, considering the actual situation of node hardware, and draws on the characteristics of DV-hop, an improved scheme for the typical distributed localization algorithm in wireless sensor network is proposed. At last it gives some Simulation experiment to verify its performance.
Based on the characteristics of DV-Distance and centroid location algorithm, a novel hybrid localization algorithm based on DV-Distance and the twice-weighted centroid is proposed. The main principle of the hybrid scheme is using the DV-Distance localization algorithm to get the cumulative distance and the rough-estimated coordinate for calculating twice weighted factors. Twice-weighted centroid computation by weighted factors reflects that diffferent anchor nodes have respective influence degrees in the process of determining the localization coordinate.
The improved model of the RSSI and the two new algorithms improve the range measurement and localization accuracy to some extent. In some application environments have a certain utility.
本文主要对无线传感器网络定位技术进行深入的分析研究。本文研究的主要内容包括：
分析无线传感器网络的发展历史、总体现状、无线传感器网络的体系结构和特点以及网络定位技术的现状及发展。
分析介绍无线传感器网络定位技术的特点、要求、及评价指标,以及基本测距定位方法,最后,分析给出几种典型的无线传感器网络节点定位算法。
对RSSI测距模型研究分析,通过实验了解模型定参和几种环境影响因素对信号传播的影响特性,针对RSSI信号容易附加噪音信号,提出了对模型参数确定时的RSSI信号选择优化处理方法,并在节点硬件上进行测试。
对DV-distance算法研究分析,考虑节点硬件体积小的实际情况,并吸收APS系列算法中DV-hop算法的优点。提出一种改进的DV-distance算法；并进行仿真实验测试,验证其有效性。
结合加权质心算法和DV-distance算法的特点,提出一种TWCD-HL混合式定位算法,该算法在DV-distance定位计算过程中两次使用加权计算,提高定位的准确度,并在不同模拟环境下对该算法进行仿真测试。
本文对RSSI模型的改进,以及设计的两种算法,在一定程度上提高了测距、定位精度,在某些应用环境下具有一定的实用性。
Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a new wireless communication network system. It is integration of multi-point data acquisition, wireless transmission and information processing technology. As an emerging technology in the 21 st century, wireless sensor networks have aroused great concern. For the past few years, WSN has accessed rapid development. and has important value of research and use in many fields, just like the daily life of human beings, industry, agriculture, environment, medical treatment, national defense and so on. The localization technology of sensor nodes is one of pivotal technologies of wireless sensor networks. The localization technology of WSN has been the basis of most of uses in WSN. In most of the applications, to obtain the position of nodes is an important precondition; otherwise, there will be no meaningful of the perception data. What's more, the localization of nodes is also the premise of some technologies, such as target tracking and geographical routing, network management, topology control. Above all, it is absolutely vital to research the technology of nodes localization.
The research of this paper is based on the analysis of a great deal of recent technical reports and research results on WSN. Its main work includes:
The research background, practical utility and present investigatory headway of WSN at home and abroad are introduced. And the research status of localization technology for WSN is summarized based on the study of a lot of related literatures.
Some related techniques of WSN and the concept and basic principles of node localization in WSN are also introduced, and some main performance evaluating criterions of localization in WSN are analyzed. At last it analyzes and compares some typical localization algoritlim.
RSSI ranging model are analyzed, and several factors Interfere with the signal propagation are find by Experiments; the data for determining the model parameters is optimized, finally, it marked an experiment in the Nodes, and proved its effectiveness.
DV-distance localization algorithm is analyzed. Based on the shortage of DV-distance algorithm, considering the actual situation of node hardware, and draws on the characteristics of DV-hop, an improved scheme for the typical distributed localization algorithm in wireless sensor network is proposed. At last it gives some Simulation experiment to verify its performance.
Based on the characteristics of DV-Distance and centroid location algorithm, a novel hybrid localization algorithm based on DV-Distance and the twice-weighted centroid is proposed. The main principle of the hybrid scheme is using the DV-Distance localization algorithm to get the cumulative distance and the rough-estimated coordinate for calculating twice weighted factors. Twice-weighted centroid computation by weighted factors reflects that diffferent anchor nodes have respective influence degrees in the process of determining the localization coordinate.
The improved model of the RSSI and the two new algorithms improve the range measurement and localization accuracy to some extent. In some application environments have a certain utility.
引文
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