橡胶集料混凝土抗盐冻性能试验研究
|
摘要
橡胶集料混凝土作为一种新型的混凝土材料,具有低弹性模量、大变形、高阻尼、能量耗散多及良好的抗裂性能等优点。目前国内对橡胶集料混凝土的研究主要集中在力学性能方面,耐久性研究方面的成果甚少。在我国北方寒冷的冬季在道路上使用除冰盐,对混凝土的耐久性造成了极大的危害;因此,有必要研究橡胶集料混凝土在除冰盐环境下的性能,为将来的广泛应用和结构的耐久性设计提供可靠的实验依据。
为研究橡胶集料混凝土抵抗盐冻破坏的性能,本文考虑了5种影响因素,即橡胶集料掺量、实验室养护条件、水灰比、矿物掺合料和含气量。在4%NaCl溶液中冻融一定循环次数后,收集剥落物来测试剥落性能;同时跟踪测试混凝土的相对吸水量和相对动弹性模量。试验结果显示,当橡胶集料体积掺量在12%左右时,改善盐冻破坏的效果比较好,跟引气4%的普通混凝土的抗盐冻剥落效果相当。此外,盐冻对橡胶集料混凝土的力学性能有劣化作用。
根据现有的含气量测试手段,对橡胶集料在混凝土中的引气作用进行了试验研究,并探讨了橡胶集料对混凝土抵抗盐冻破坏的机理。试验证实橡胶集料的确可以在混凝土中起到固体引气剂的作用,并且这种引气效果随着橡胶掺量增加而增大。橡胶的掺入,改善了混凝土的微观结构,提高了抗渗透性能,从而提高了耐久性能。
Crumb rubber concrete (CRC), which is known as a new concrete material, characterized by low young’s modulus、large deformation、high energy disspation and extremely good crack resistance. Now the mechanics function is the greatly part of study in our country,and there is almost nothing about durability of the crumb rubber concrete.it is essential to study the function of the crumb rubber concrete under deicer environment which will do badly harm to concrete’s durability when the deicer is used on the road in cold winter of our country’s northern region.
This paper considere five factors that are the contents of crumb rubber volume ratio、the curing condition、the water cement ratio、mineral material ratio and air content to research the performance of deicer - scaling resistance of crumb rubber conrete. CRC specimens submerged with the solution of 4% NaCl, after certain freeze-thaw cycles, the scaled mass which is the response of the deicer-scaling resistance is collected; at the same time, relative water contents and dynamic modulus of elasticity are tested. The results show that the crumb rubber can improve the behavior to resist the deicer-scaling; and when the volume ratio is about 12%, the effect is evident which is comparative to the plain concrete added air of 4%. The freeze-thaw cycle will reduce concrete’s mechanics performance, and with the increase of this cycles the extent of reduce must become large.
According to existing test means of air content, the effect of air content aroused by adding crumb rubber into concrete is studied; and based on the experimental result, it is discussed the mechanism of the deicer-scaling resistance of crumbrubberconcrete. The result indicates that the crumb rubber can be used as a solid air-entraining additive, and when the ratio of crumb rubber increasing, the effect will be more clearly. Adding crumb rubber can help improve the microstructure and the permeability of concrete, so untimately heighten the material durability.
为研究橡胶集料混凝土抵抗盐冻破坏的性能,本文考虑了5种影响因素,即橡胶集料掺量、实验室养护条件、水灰比、矿物掺合料和含气量。在4%NaCl溶液中冻融一定循环次数后,收集剥落物来测试剥落性能;同时跟踪测试混凝土的相对吸水量和相对动弹性模量。试验结果显示,当橡胶集料体积掺量在12%左右时,改善盐冻破坏的效果比较好,跟引气4%的普通混凝土的抗盐冻剥落效果相当。此外,盐冻对橡胶集料混凝土的力学性能有劣化作用。
根据现有的含气量测试手段,对橡胶集料在混凝土中的引气作用进行了试验研究,并探讨了橡胶集料对混凝土抵抗盐冻破坏的机理。试验证实橡胶集料的确可以在混凝土中起到固体引气剂的作用,并且这种引气效果随着橡胶掺量增加而增大。橡胶的掺入,改善了混凝土的微观结构,提高了抗渗透性能,从而提高了耐久性能。
Crumb rubber concrete (CRC), which is known as a new concrete material, characterized by low young’s modulus、large deformation、high energy disspation and extremely good crack resistance. Now the mechanics function is the greatly part of study in our country,and there is almost nothing about durability of the crumb rubber concrete.it is essential to study the function of the crumb rubber concrete under deicer environment which will do badly harm to concrete’s durability when the deicer is used on the road in cold winter of our country’s northern region.
This paper considere five factors that are the contents of crumb rubber volume ratio、the curing condition、the water cement ratio、mineral material ratio and air content to research the performance of deicer - scaling resistance of crumb rubber conrete. CRC specimens submerged with the solution of 4% NaCl, after certain freeze-thaw cycles, the scaled mass which is the response of the deicer-scaling resistance is collected; at the same time, relative water contents and dynamic modulus of elasticity are tested. The results show that the crumb rubber can improve the behavior to resist the deicer-scaling; and when the volume ratio is about 12%, the effect is evident which is comparative to the plain concrete added air of 4%. The freeze-thaw cycle will reduce concrete’s mechanics performance, and with the increase of this cycles the extent of reduce must become large.
According to existing test means of air content, the effect of air content aroused by adding crumb rubber into concrete is studied; and based on the experimental result, it is discussed the mechanism of the deicer-scaling resistance of crumbrubberconcrete. The result indicates that the crumb rubber can be used as a solid air-entraining additive, and when the ratio of crumb rubber increasing, the effect will be more clearly. Adding crumb rubber can help improve the microstructure and the permeability of concrete, so untimately heighten the material durability.
引文
[1]Tantala,M.W.,Lepore,J.A.,Zandi,I.,Quasi-elastic behavior of rubber included concrete. In Ronald Mersky(Ed.), Proceeding of the 12th intenational conferences on solid waste technology and management , gphiladephia, PA,1996.
[2]H.A.Toutanji. The use of rubber tire particles in concrete to replace mineral aggeregates[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites,1998,18:135~139.
[3]Goulias,D.G..,Ali, A. H., Non-destructive evalution of rubber-modified concrete. In; Proceedings of a special conferences, ASCE, New York, 1997:111~120.
[4]Hernmandaz-Olivares,F., Barluenga,G.,et al, Static and dynamic behavior of recycled tire rubber-filled concrete[J],Cement and Conrete Research ,2002,32:1587~1596.
[5]Powers T C. A working hypothesis for further studies of frost resistance. Journal of the ACI, 1945,16(4):245~272
[6]Powers T C, Helmuth R A. Theory of volume change in hardened Portland cement paste during freezing. Proceedings, Highway Research Board, 1953,32:285~297
[7] Powers T C. Freezing effect in concrete. In: School C F , Durability of concrete. Detroit: American Concrete Institute,1975
[8]Fager-lund G. The significance of critical degree of saturation at freezing of pore and brittle materials. In: School C F , Durability of concrete. Detroit: American Concrete Institute,1975
[9]Pigeon M et al . Critical air void spacing factors for concrete as submitted to slow freezing-thaw cycle . ACI Journal, 1981,78(4):282~291
[10]唐明述. 混凝土的抗冻性. 南京化工学院硅酸盐教研室,1984
[11]李天瑗. 试论混凝土冻害机理-静水压与渗透压的作用. 混凝土与水泥制品,1989(5)
[12]杨全兵,吴学礼,黄士元. 去冰盐对混凝土剥蚀的物理机理. 上海建材学院学报,1991,4(4)
[13]杨全兵,张树青等. 混凝土除冰盐剥蚀破坏机制及材料设计原则. 重点工程混凝土耐久性的研究与工程应用. 王瑗俐,姚燕主编,中国建材工业出版社,2001
[14] 杨全兵,吴学礼,黄士元. 去冰盐对混凝土剥蚀的物理机理. 上海建材学院学报,1993,6(2)
[15] 杨全兵,吴学礼,黄士元. 掺合料对混凝土抗盐冻剥蚀性能的影响. 上海建材学院学报,1993,6(2)
[16]金伟良,赵羽书著. 混凝土结构耐久性. 科学出版社,2002
[17]黄士元,蒋家奋,杨南如,周兆桐. 近代混凝土技术. 陕西科学技术出版社,1998
[18]RILEM TC117一FDC/95,Test method for the freeze—thaw resistance of concrete with water(CF)or with sodium chloride solution.Materials and Structures,1995,(28):175—182
[19]M.J.Seter. CDF Test-Test method for freeze-thaw resistance of concrete –tests with sodium chloride solution(CDF), RILEM commendation TC 117-FDC: Freeze-thaw and de-icing resistance of concrete. Materials and Structures, 1996,29:523-528
[20]ASTM C672—84.Scaling resistance of concrete surfaces exposed to Deicing Chemicals[S]
[21]张国强,谭维祖. 混凝土抗盐冻剥蚀试验方法的研究. 公路交通科技,Vo1.17 No.2
[22]Raghvan, D., Huynh, H., Ferraris, C. F., Workability, mechanical properties and chemical stability of a recycle tire rubber-filled cementitious composite. Journal of Material Science,1998(7):1745～1752.
[23]Khatib, Zaher K.,& Bayomy, Fouad M. Rubberized Portland Cement Concrete, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 1999, 11(3):206～213.
[24] Fedroff, D., Ahmad, S., Savas, B.Z. Mechanical properties of concrete with ground waste tire rubber [J]. Transportation Research Board, Report No. 1532, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, pp.1996,66-72
[25]Eldin, N.N., Senouci, A.B., Rubber-tire particles as concrete aggregates[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering , 1993,5(4):478-496
[26]Topcu,I.B. The properties of rubberized concrete. Cement [J] and Concrete Research,1995,25(2):304-310
[27]Fatuhi, N.I., Clark, N.A. Cement –based materials containing tire rubber [J]. Journal of Construction and Building Materials,1996,10(4):229-236
[28]李悦等. 废橡胶粉改性混凝土的研究[C]. 第九届全国水泥和混凝土化学及应用会议论文汇编
[29]N. Segre, I. Joekes. Use of tire rubber particles as addition to cement paste[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2002,30:1421-1425
[30]H.K.Hilsdrof,U.Guse. 高强混凝土的抗冻性和抗除冰盐腐蚀性. 高性能混凝土的耐久性,[奥地利] H. 索默著,科学出版社
[31]王元,陈翠红等.抗除冰盐混凝土的研究与应用.混凝土,2004年第4期
[32]杨晶杰,孙兆雄等.引气混凝土的抗冻性和气泡结构的关系研究.土工基础,VO1.19 N O.2
[33]单旭辉 ,朱尔玉等.引气剂对混凝土性能的影响.南水北调与水利科技,Vo1.2 No.6
[34] Powers T C.The mechanisms of frost action in concrete(Durability ofConcrete,SP一8)[R].Detroit:ACI,1965.42—47.
[35] Litvan G G.Frost action in cement in the presence of deicers[A] Proceedings of 6th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, [C].Moscow:[sn],1974.2:145—152.
[36] Petersson P E.Influence of minimum temperature on the scaling resistance of concrete(SP-Report,1994.22)[R].Stock—holm :Swedish National Testing and Research Institute,1994.
[37] FagerLund G.The critical degree of saturation method of assessing the freeze/thaw durability of concrete[J].Materials and Structures. 1977,(10) 58— 65.
[38]杨全兵. NaCI溶液结冰压的影响因素研究.建筑材料学报,Vo1.8,NO.5.
[39][奥地利]H.索默.高性能混凝土的耐久性,科学出版社
[40]胡朋,朱涵等.橡胶集料混凝土渗透性能研究.天津理工大学学报,2006 年 7 月.
[41] 欧兴进,朱涵.橡胶集料混凝土氯离子渗透性试验研究.混凝土,2006 年第 3期.
[42]王媛俐,姚燕. 重点工程混凝土耐久性. 中国建材工业出版社,2000 年:319～320
[43]I .B. Topcu and N. Avcular, Collission behavior of rubberized concrete, Cement and Concrete Research ,1997,27(2):1893~1898.
[44]Savas, B.Z., Ahmad, Fedroff, D., Freeze-thaw Durability of Concrete with Ground Waste Tire Rubber, Transportation Research Record, 1997,1574: 80~88.
[45]Benazzouk, A., Queneudec, M., Durability of cement-rubber composite under freeze thaw cycles, In: Dhir, R. K., et al (Ed.) Proceedings of the international conference on sustainable conrete construction, University of Dundee, Scotland,UK, 356~362.
[46]G. Fagelund. 对高性能混凝土抗冻性的一些理论探讨, [奥地利]H.索默.高性能混凝土的耐久性,科学出版社.
[47]刘春生. 硕士学位论文,橡胶集料混凝土的研究与应用. 2005 年:22～24.
[48]袁琳. 橡胶集料钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能初探. 混凝土,2005 年第 6 期:70～76.
[2]H.A.Toutanji. The use of rubber tire particles in concrete to replace mineral aggeregates[J]. Cement and Concrete Composites,1998,18:135~139.
[3]Goulias,D.G..,Ali, A. H., Non-destructive evalution of rubber-modified concrete. In; Proceedings of a special conferences, ASCE, New York, 1997:111~120.
[4]Hernmandaz-Olivares,F., Barluenga,G.,et al, Static and dynamic behavior of recycled tire rubber-filled concrete[J],Cement and Conrete Research ,2002,32:1587~1596.
[5]Powers T C. A working hypothesis for further studies of frost resistance. Journal of the ACI, 1945,16(4):245~272
[6]Powers T C, Helmuth R A. Theory of volume change in hardened Portland cement paste during freezing. Proceedings, Highway Research Board, 1953,32:285~297
[7] Powers T C. Freezing effect in concrete. In: School C F , Durability of concrete. Detroit: American Concrete Institute,1975
[8]Fager-lund G. The significance of critical degree of saturation at freezing of pore and brittle materials. In: School C F , Durability of concrete. Detroit: American Concrete Institute,1975
[9]Pigeon M et al . Critical air void spacing factors for concrete as submitted to slow freezing-thaw cycle . ACI Journal, 1981,78(4):282~291
[10]唐明述. 混凝土的抗冻性. 南京化工学院硅酸盐教研室,1984
[11]李天瑗. 试论混凝土冻害机理-静水压与渗透压的作用. 混凝土与水泥制品,1989(5)
[12]杨全兵,吴学礼,黄士元. 去冰盐对混凝土剥蚀的物理机理. 上海建材学院学报,1991,4(4)
[13]杨全兵,张树青等. 混凝土除冰盐剥蚀破坏机制及材料设计原则. 重点工程混凝土耐久性的研究与工程应用. 王瑗俐,姚燕主编,中国建材工业出版社,2001
[14] 杨全兵,吴学礼,黄士元. 去冰盐对混凝土剥蚀的物理机理. 上海建材学院学报,1993,6(2)
[15] 杨全兵,吴学礼,黄士元. 掺合料对混凝土抗盐冻剥蚀性能的影响. 上海建材学院学报,1993,6(2)
[16]金伟良,赵羽书著. 混凝土结构耐久性. 科学出版社,2002
[17]黄士元,蒋家奋,杨南如,周兆桐. 近代混凝土技术. 陕西科学技术出版社,1998
[18]RILEM TC117一FDC/95,Test method for the freeze—thaw resistance of concrete with water(CF)or with sodium chloride solution.Materials and Structures,1995,(28):175—182
[19]M.J.Seter. CDF Test-Test method for freeze-thaw resistance of concrete –tests with sodium chloride solution(CDF), RILEM commendation TC 117-FDC: Freeze-thaw and de-icing resistance of concrete. Materials and Structures, 1996,29:523-528
[20]ASTM C672—84.Scaling resistance of concrete surfaces exposed to Deicing Chemicals[S]
[21]张国强,谭维祖. 混凝土抗盐冻剥蚀试验方法的研究. 公路交通科技,Vo1.17 No.2
[22]Raghvan, D., Huynh, H., Ferraris, C. F., Workability, mechanical properties and chemical stability of a recycle tire rubber-filled cementitious composite. Journal of Material Science,1998(7):1745～1752.
[23]Khatib, Zaher K.,& Bayomy, Fouad M. Rubberized Portland Cement Concrete, Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 1999, 11(3):206～213.
[24] Fedroff, D., Ahmad, S., Savas, B.Z. Mechanical properties of concrete with ground waste tire rubber [J]. Transportation Research Board, Report No. 1532, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, pp.1996,66-72
[25]Eldin, N.N., Senouci, A.B., Rubber-tire particles as concrete aggregates[J]. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering , 1993,5(4):478-496
[26]Topcu,I.B. The properties of rubberized concrete. Cement [J] and Concrete Research,1995,25(2):304-310
[27]Fatuhi, N.I., Clark, N.A. Cement –based materials containing tire rubber [J]. Journal of Construction and Building Materials,1996,10(4):229-236
[28]李悦等. 废橡胶粉改性混凝土的研究[C]. 第九届全国水泥和混凝土化学及应用会议论文汇编
[29]N. Segre, I. Joekes. Use of tire rubber particles as addition to cement paste[J]. Cement and Concrete Research, 2002,30:1421-1425
[30]H.K.Hilsdrof,U.Guse. 高强混凝土的抗冻性和抗除冰盐腐蚀性. 高性能混凝土的耐久性,[奥地利] H. 索默著,科学出版社
[31]王元,陈翠红等.抗除冰盐混凝土的研究与应用.混凝土,2004年第4期
[32]杨晶杰,孙兆雄等.引气混凝土的抗冻性和气泡结构的关系研究.土工基础,VO1.19 N O.2
[33]单旭辉 ,朱尔玉等.引气剂对混凝土性能的影响.南水北调与水利科技,Vo1.2 No.6
[34] Powers T C.The mechanisms of frost action in concrete(Durability ofConcrete,SP一8)[R].Detroit:ACI,1965.42—47.
[35] Litvan G G.Frost action in cement in the presence of deicers[A] Proceedings of 6th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, [C].Moscow:[sn],1974.2:145—152.
[36] Petersson P E.Influence of minimum temperature on the scaling resistance of concrete(SP-Report,1994.22)[R].Stock—holm :Swedish National Testing and Research Institute,1994.
[37] FagerLund G.The critical degree of saturation method of assessing the freeze/thaw durability of concrete[J].Materials and Structures. 1977,(10) 58— 65.
[38]杨全兵. NaCI溶液结冰压的影响因素研究.建筑材料学报,Vo1.8,NO.5.
[39][奥地利]H.索默.高性能混凝土的耐久性,科学出版社
[40]胡朋,朱涵等.橡胶集料混凝土渗透性能研究.天津理工大学学报,2006 年 7 月.
[41] 欧兴进,朱涵.橡胶集料混凝土氯离子渗透性试验研究.混凝土,2006 年第 3期.
[42]王媛俐,姚燕. 重点工程混凝土耐久性. 中国建材工业出版社,2000 年:319～320
[43]I .B. Topcu and N. Avcular, Collission behavior of rubberized concrete, Cement and Concrete Research ,1997,27(2):1893~1898.
[44]Savas, B.Z., Ahmad, Fedroff, D., Freeze-thaw Durability of Concrete with Ground Waste Tire Rubber, Transportation Research Record, 1997,1574: 80~88.
[45]Benazzouk, A., Queneudec, M., Durability of cement-rubber composite under freeze thaw cycles, In: Dhir, R. K., et al (Ed.) Proceedings of the international conference on sustainable conrete construction, University of Dundee, Scotland,UK, 356~362.
[46]G. Fagelund. 对高性能混凝土抗冻性的一些理论探讨, [奥地利]H.索默.高性能混凝土的耐久性,科学出版社.
[47]刘春生. 硕士学位论文,橡胶集料混凝土的研究与应用. 2005 年:22～24.
[48]袁琳. 橡胶集料钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能初探. 混凝土,2005 年第 6 期:70～76.