香花槐分类地位及不结实现象初步研究
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摘要
香花槐,原产西班牙,为蝶形花科落叶小乔木,每年开两次花,花朵大、花形美,花量多,无荚果,不结种子。香花槐在园林绿化中用途广泛,是城乡园林、道路、风景区等各种园林绿地的绿化珍品,为园林绿化首推速生观赏树种。本研究的目的是在前人研究的基础上,对香花槐进行深入的研究。主要从香花槐花器官形态、花粉形态、花粉生命力、过氧化物酶等方面进行测定,并与刺槐进行比较,以期对香花槐的分类地位及香花槐的不结实现象提供部分理论依据。结果表明:
1.香花槐花瓣比刺槐大,花萼绒毛比刺槐稀疏;盛花期时刺槐雄蕊及花柱从龙骨瓣内露出,香花槐雄蕊和花柱完全包被在龙骨瓣内不露出。应用扫描电镜(SEM)技术对刺槐和香花槐的雄蕊及柱头进行扫描,从扫描图片可知,刺槐和香花槐柱头均具短毛,但香花槐柱头上的短毛比刺槐的长;刺槐花药长柱形,香花槐花药短柱形。刺槐花药表皮细胞不规则,呈凸起状,细胞周边多为折线;香花槐花药表皮细胞很不规则,多皱缩,凹陷,细胞周边多为折线。
2.花粉极轴(P)与赤道轴(E)的比例表示花粉的形状,香花槐P/E为1.42;刺槐P/E为1.56。香花槐萌发孔长轴长约为短轴的7.67倍,属于长萌发孔,萌发孔的结构为简单萌发孔;刺槐萌发孔长轴长约为短轴的6.25倍,也属于长萌发孔,萌发孔的结构也为简单萌发孔。香花槐比刺槐花粉粒稍小,两者赤道面观均呈长球形,极面观均呈三裂圆形,均具3萌发沟,沟长几达两极,萌发沟附近有萌发孔,外壁纹饰均为桔皮状。香花槐萌发沟边缘凹陷且较光滑,刺槐沟边缘较粗糙。香花槐萌发孔边缘向内凹陷,刺槐萌发孔边缘向外突起。香花槐和刺槐既存在一定的差异,又具有共性。
3.刺槐的活力指标为91.88%,香花槐的活力指标为91.46%。香花槐和刺槐新鲜花粉生命力指标较相近,这说明香花槐和刺槐亲缘关系比较相近。
4.香花槐有13条酶带,刺槐有7条酶带。香花槐与刺槐相似性系数为60%,这表明香花槐和刺槐亲缘关系比较相近。
Robinia ambigua idahoensis is a Papilionaceae fallen leaf Microphanerophyte which was produced in the Spain originally.It opens two times every year,the flowers in a big way,colored shape beautifully,the colored quantity are many,and without seeds.Robinia ambigua idahoensis in wide use in the landscape,urban and rural landscape,roads,scenic areas and other green garden of green treasures,for the most important landscape of fast-growing ornamental tree.This research was in the foundation which the predecessor studies,conducted the thorough research to the Robinia ambigua idahoensis.From Robinia ambigua idahoensis' hops aspects and so on organ shape,pollen shape,pollen vitality, hydrogen peroxide isozyme carried on the determination,and carried on the comparison with Robinia pseudoacian L.,provided the partial theory basis by the time to the fragrant flowers Robinia ambigua idahoensis' classified status and the fragrant flowers Robinia ambigua idahoensis' not solid phenomenon.The result indicated:
(1) The floral structure of Robinia ambigua idahoensis' was bigger than that of Robinia pseudoacian L.,the calyx chorio was sparser than the Robinia pseudoacian L.; When peak flowering period the Robinia pseudoacian L.'s roecium and the stigmas reveal from the dragonbone petal,the Robinia ambigua idahoensis' roecium and the stigmas complete diaper did not reveal in the dragonbone petal.Carried on the scanning using the scanning electron microscope(SEM) technology to the Robinia pseudoacian L.and the Robinia ambigua idahoensis' roecium and the stigmas,from the scanning picture,we know the Robinia pseudoacian L.and the Robinia ambigua idahoensis' stigmas had the short wool,but the Robinia ambigua idahoensis' longer than the Robinia pseudoacian L.'s.The Robinia pseudoacian L.'s anther long cylindrical,the Robinia ambigua idahoensis' anther short cylindrical.The Robinia pseudoacian L.'s anther epidermal cells irregular,assumed the raised undulation,the Cells surrounding the broken line;Robinia ambigua idahoensis' anther epidermal cells irregular,more shrinkage,depression,broken line for more than neighboring cells.
(2) Pollen polar axis and the proportion of the equator axis that indicated the shape of pollen,Robinia ambigua idahoensis P/E 1.42.Robinia pseudoacian L.P/E 1.56.Robinia ambigua idahoensis aperture for the short axis of the long axis of about 7.67 times that of a long- aperture,the aperture of the structure of a simple aperture.Robinia pseudoacian L. aperture for the short axis of the long axis of about 6.25 times,but also to the longaperture, the structure of aperture for a simple aperture.The pollen grains of Robinia ambigua idahoensis smaller than the Robinia pseudoacian L.,the two equatorial view of both spherical,polar view showed three round split,with all three colpus,the colpus long almost two poles,colpus near porus,wall decoration were orange peel.Robinia ambigua idahoensis porus edge of depression and more smooth,more rough edges Robinia pseudoacian L.,Robinia ambigua idahoensis porus inside edge of depression,Robinia pseudoacian L.porus edge raised undulation.Both of them had difference and common.
(3) The calculation of the pollen vitality of indicators for the Robinia pseudoacian L. was 91.88 percent,Robinia ambigua idahoensis indicators for the vitality of 91.46 percent. Their fresh vitality of pollen compared with similar,indicated they had close genetic relationship.
(4) Robinia ambigua idahoensis had 13 belt,Robinia pseudoacian L.had 7 belt.Their Coefficients of species similarity was 60%,this indicating they have close genetic relationship.
1.香花槐花瓣比刺槐大,花萼绒毛比刺槐稀疏;盛花期时刺槐雄蕊及花柱从龙骨瓣内露出,香花槐雄蕊和花柱完全包被在龙骨瓣内不露出。应用扫描电镜(SEM)技术对刺槐和香花槐的雄蕊及柱头进行扫描,从扫描图片可知,刺槐和香花槐柱头均具短毛,但香花槐柱头上的短毛比刺槐的长;刺槐花药长柱形,香花槐花药短柱形。刺槐花药表皮细胞不规则,呈凸起状,细胞周边多为折线;香花槐花药表皮细胞很不规则,多皱缩,凹陷,细胞周边多为折线。
2.花粉极轴(P)与赤道轴(E)的比例表示花粉的形状,香花槐P/E为1.42;刺槐P/E为1.56。香花槐萌发孔长轴长约为短轴的7.67倍,属于长萌发孔,萌发孔的结构为简单萌发孔;刺槐萌发孔长轴长约为短轴的6.25倍,也属于长萌发孔,萌发孔的结构也为简单萌发孔。香花槐比刺槐花粉粒稍小,两者赤道面观均呈长球形,极面观均呈三裂圆形,均具3萌发沟,沟长几达两极,萌发沟附近有萌发孔,外壁纹饰均为桔皮状。香花槐萌发沟边缘凹陷且较光滑,刺槐沟边缘较粗糙。香花槐萌发孔边缘向内凹陷,刺槐萌发孔边缘向外突起。香花槐和刺槐既存在一定的差异,又具有共性。
3.刺槐的活力指标为91.88%,香花槐的活力指标为91.46%。香花槐和刺槐新鲜花粉生命力指标较相近,这说明香花槐和刺槐亲缘关系比较相近。
4.香花槐有13条酶带,刺槐有7条酶带。香花槐与刺槐相似性系数为60%,这表明香花槐和刺槐亲缘关系比较相近。
Robinia ambigua idahoensis is a Papilionaceae fallen leaf Microphanerophyte which was produced in the Spain originally.It opens two times every year,the flowers in a big way,colored shape beautifully,the colored quantity are many,and without seeds.Robinia ambigua idahoensis in wide use in the landscape,urban and rural landscape,roads,scenic areas and other green garden of green treasures,for the most important landscape of fast-growing ornamental tree.This research was in the foundation which the predecessor studies,conducted the thorough research to the Robinia ambigua idahoensis.From Robinia ambigua idahoensis' hops aspects and so on organ shape,pollen shape,pollen vitality, hydrogen peroxide isozyme carried on the determination,and carried on the comparison with Robinia pseudoacian L.,provided the partial theory basis by the time to the fragrant flowers Robinia ambigua idahoensis' classified status and the fragrant flowers Robinia ambigua idahoensis' not solid phenomenon.The result indicated:
(1) The floral structure of Robinia ambigua idahoensis' was bigger than that of Robinia pseudoacian L.,the calyx chorio was sparser than the Robinia pseudoacian L.; When peak flowering period the Robinia pseudoacian L.'s roecium and the stigmas reveal from the dragonbone petal,the Robinia ambigua idahoensis' roecium and the stigmas complete diaper did not reveal in the dragonbone petal.Carried on the scanning using the scanning electron microscope(SEM) technology to the Robinia pseudoacian L.and the Robinia ambigua idahoensis' roecium and the stigmas,from the scanning picture,we know the Robinia pseudoacian L.and the Robinia ambigua idahoensis' stigmas had the short wool,but the Robinia ambigua idahoensis' longer than the Robinia pseudoacian L.'s.The Robinia pseudoacian L.'s anther long cylindrical,the Robinia ambigua idahoensis' anther short cylindrical.The Robinia pseudoacian L.'s anther epidermal cells irregular,assumed the raised undulation,the Cells surrounding the broken line;Robinia ambigua idahoensis' anther epidermal cells irregular,more shrinkage,depression,broken line for more than neighboring cells.
(2) Pollen polar axis and the proportion of the equator axis that indicated the shape of pollen,Robinia ambigua idahoensis P/E 1.42.Robinia pseudoacian L.P/E 1.56.Robinia ambigua idahoensis aperture for the short axis of the long axis of about 7.67 times that of a long- aperture,the aperture of the structure of a simple aperture.Robinia pseudoacian L. aperture for the short axis of the long axis of about 6.25 times,but also to the longaperture, the structure of aperture for a simple aperture.The pollen grains of Robinia ambigua idahoensis smaller than the Robinia pseudoacian L.,the two equatorial view of both spherical,polar view showed three round split,with all three colpus,the colpus long almost two poles,colpus near porus,wall decoration were orange peel.Robinia ambigua idahoensis porus edge of depression and more smooth,more rough edges Robinia pseudoacian L.,Robinia ambigua idahoensis porus inside edge of depression,Robinia pseudoacian L.porus edge raised undulation.Both of them had difference and common.
(3) The calculation of the pollen vitality of indicators for the Robinia pseudoacian L. was 91.88 percent,Robinia ambigua idahoensis indicators for the vitality of 91.46 percent. Their fresh vitality of pollen compared with similar,indicated they had close genetic relationship.
(4) Robinia ambigua idahoensis had 13 belt,Robinia pseudoacian L.had 7 belt.Their Coefficients of species similarity was 60%,this indicating they have close genetic relationship.
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