基于F-CDMA的RFID系统防碰撞机制的研究
摘要
RFID(射频识别技术),是一种通过射频信号自动识别目标对象并获取相关数据的非接触式的自动识别技术,广泛应用于智能交通、物流管理等领域,被公认为是21世纪十大重要的技术之一。防碰撞技术是RFID系统的关键技术之一,影响RFID系统性能的重要因素,因此,对RFID系统防碰撞机制的研究有着重要的意义。目前存在的防碰撞算法仅是单一解决系统中的某一种碰撞,在大型的RFID系统中,多种碰撞共存时效率差。因此,需要一种可同时解决系统中多种碰撞的防碰撞算法。
本文主要研究的是多阅读器、大量标签的有源RFID系统中的碰撞问题。论文通过对现有多种典型的防碰撞算法的分析和比较,给出了一种基于F-CDMA的RFID系统,并在其基础上提出了一种同时解决系统中标签碰撞和阅读器碰撞的防碰撞机制——FSA-F-CDMA算法,算法结合利用了TDMA、FDMA和CDMA技术,实现了大量标签与多个阅读器的同时通信。通过对算法的理论分析和性能仿真,验证了算法的可行性,并且在大量电子标签的情况下,算法的优越性更加明显。最后,对提出的防碰撞机制的应用进行了说明。
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a kind of non-contact auto-identification technology, which recognizes the target and gets the relative data with the use of radio frequency signal. As considered to be one of the top ten important technologies in 21st century, it has been widely applied in many areas such as intelligent transportation and logistics management. Anti-collision technology is one of the key technologies of RFID system, which is a key factor that affects the performance of RFID system, therefore, the research of the anti-collision method in RFID system is of great significance. The available anti-collision algorithms are focus on only a single kind of collision, and their efficient are low in the large RFID system, in which kinds of collisions are existed simultaneously. So, a kind of anti-collision algorithm which could solve kinds of collisions at the same time is in a great need.
The collision in the active RFID system with multi-reader and large number of tags is mainly researched in this thesis. Through the analysis and comparison of many available typical anti-collision algorithms, a new kind of RFID system based on F-CDMA is given, and on its basis a new anti-collision algorithm named FSA-F-CDMA is brought forward, by which both the tag collision and reader collision in the system could be solved, and the communication of many readers and a large number of tags at the same time can be obtained with the combination of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA. The analysis and simulation are made to verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithm, and the superiority of which is more obvious in the case of a large amount of tags. Finally, the application of the proposed anti-collision mechanism is illustrated.
本文主要研究的是多阅读器、大量标签的有源RFID系统中的碰撞问题。论文通过对现有多种典型的防碰撞算法的分析和比较,给出了一种基于F-CDMA的RFID系统,并在其基础上提出了一种同时解决系统中标签碰撞和阅读器碰撞的防碰撞机制——FSA-F-CDMA算法,算法结合利用了TDMA、FDMA和CDMA技术,实现了大量标签与多个阅读器的同时通信。通过对算法的理论分析和性能仿真,验证了算法的可行性,并且在大量电子标签的情况下,算法的优越性更加明显。最后,对提出的防碰撞机制的应用进行了说明。
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is a kind of non-contact auto-identification technology, which recognizes the target and gets the relative data with the use of radio frequency signal. As considered to be one of the top ten important technologies in 21st century, it has been widely applied in many areas such as intelligent transportation and logistics management. Anti-collision technology is one of the key technologies of RFID system, which is a key factor that affects the performance of RFID system, therefore, the research of the anti-collision method in RFID system is of great significance. The available anti-collision algorithms are focus on only a single kind of collision, and their efficient are low in the large RFID system, in which kinds of collisions are existed simultaneously. So, a kind of anti-collision algorithm which could solve kinds of collisions at the same time is in a great need.
The collision in the active RFID system with multi-reader and large number of tags is mainly researched in this thesis. Through the analysis and comparison of many available typical anti-collision algorithms, a new kind of RFID system based on F-CDMA is given, and on its basis a new anti-collision algorithm named FSA-F-CDMA is brought forward, by which both the tag collision and reader collision in the system could be solved, and the communication of many readers and a large number of tags at the same time can be obtained with the combination of TDMA, FDMA and CDMA. The analysis and simulation are made to verify the feasibility of the proposed algorithm, and the superiority of which is more obvious in the case of a large amount of tags. Finally, the application of the proposed anti-collision mechanism is illustrated.
引文
[1]陈大才.射频识别(RFID)技术.电子工业出版社. 2001.
[2]魏继涛. RFID系统中的防碰撞算法研究.华中师范大学硕士论文. 2009
[3]丁俊.射频识别(FRID)标签防碰撞算法.中国科学技术大学硕士论文. 2010.
[4]周晓光,王晓华.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用实例.人民邮电出版社. 2006.
[5] Weidong Wang, Yinghai Zhang, Yuan Sang, Shoufeng Wang. ANALYSIS OF ANTI-COLLISION ALGORITHMS IN RFID SYSTEM. Proceedings of 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications Technology and Applications, IEEE ICCTA2009, p 58-62, 2009.
[6] HU Wenbin, HU Zhengbing, LIU Ya, SU Wen ,DING Mao, PAN Ziyao. A RFID Anti-Collision Algorithm Based on Pipeline and Pre-detecting Mechanism. Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Computer Network and Multimedia Technology (CNMT 2009), p 6 pp., 2009.
[7] WANG Ya-qi, JIANG Guo-ping, WANG Jing. Framed slotted ALOHA with grouping tactic and binary selection for anti-collision in RFID systems. The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications. 2009, 16(4): 47-52.
[8] Qiaoling Tong, Xuecheng Zou, Hengqing Tong. Dynamic Framed Slotted ALOHA Algorithm Based on Bayesian Estimation in RFID System. 2009 WRI World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering, CSIE, p 384-8, 2009.
[9] Yan-Fei Li, Hong-Jun Wang, Hua Yang, Yu-Shan Zheng. A RFID Anti-Collision Algorithm Based on Slot Time. Proceedings of the 2009 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), p 4 pp., 2009.
[10] Won-Ju Yoon, Sang-Hwa Chung, Shin-Jun Park, Su-Young Kang. Multichannel Slotted-Aloha Anticollision Protocol for Active RFID Systems. 2009 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, p 5 pp., 2009.
[11] Weilian Su, Nikolaos V. Alchazidis, Tri T. Ha. Multiple RFID Tags Access Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, v 9, n 2, p 174-87, Feb. 2010.
[12] Woo Jin Shin, Jeong Geun Kim. A Capture-Aware Access Control Method forEnhanced RFID Anti-collision Performance. IEEE Communications Letters, v 13, n 5, p 354-6, May 2009.
[13] Yinghua Cui and Yuping Zhao. A Modified Q-parameter Anti-collision Scheme for RFID Systems. 2009 International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications & Workshops. ICUMT 2009, p 4 pp., 2009.
[14] Ki Yong Jeon, Sung Ho Cho. Performance of RFID EPC C1 Gen2 Anti-collision in Multi-path Fading Environments. 2009 Second International Conference on Communication Theory, Reliability, and Quality of Service (CTRQ), p 125-8, 2009.
[15] Hong gang Wang , Chang xing Pei,Feng Zheng. Pulse detection based anti-collision protocol for passive RFID system. Proceedings of the 2009 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), p 5 pp, 2009.
[16] Dan Liu, Zhongxiang Wang, Jie Tan, Hao Min, Junyu Wang. ALOHA Algorithm considering the Slot Duration Difference in RFID system. 2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID, RFID 2009, p 56-63, 2009.
[17] Bo-Yu Chen,Ching-Hsien Hsu,Kuan-Ching Li. An Adaptive Anti-Collision Algorithm towards Efficient RFID Tag Identification. 2009 Symposia and Workshops on Ubiquitous, Autonomic and Trusted Computing in Conjunction with The UIC 2009 and ATC 2009 Conferences, p 217-22, 2009.
[18] Yael Maguire, Ravikanth Pappu. An Optimal Q-Algorithm for the ISO 18000-6C RFID Protocol. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, v 6, n 1, p 16-24, Jan. 2009.
[19] Rushikesh S. Khasgiwale,Rohan U. Adyanthaya,Daniel W. Engels. Extracting Information from Tag Collisions. 2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID, p 131-8, 2009.
[20]刘拓晟. RFID防碰撞算法的研究.湖南大学硕士论文. 2009.
[21]王亚奇. RFID系统防碰撞算法的研究.南京邮电大学硕士论文. 2005.
[22]李世煜.射频识别(RFID)系统防碰撞算法研究与设计.西南交通大学硕士论文. 2008.
[23] Yuan-Cheng Lai, Chih-Chung Lin. A blocking RFID anti-collision protocol for quick tag identification. 2009 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks. WOCN2009, p 6 pp., 2009.
[24] Yuan-Cheng Lai, Chih-Chung Lin. Two Blocking Algorithms on Adaptive Binary Splitting: Single and Pair Resolutions for RFID Tag Identification.IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, v 17, n 3, p 962-975, 2009.
[25] SungSoo Kim, YongHwan Kim, KwangSeon Ahn. An Enhanced Slotted Binary Tree Algorithm with Intelligent Separation in RFID Systems. 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), p 237-42, 2009.
[26] Jia-lin Ma, Xu Wei. An Improved Anti-collision Algorithm in RFID System. 2009 Ninth International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS 2009), p 138-41, 2009.
[27] Xudong Yang, Ziming Wang. AN IMPROVED ANTI-COLLISION ALGORITHM USING HASH METHOD IN RFID SYSTEM. Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications Technology and Applications (ICCTA 2009), p 15-20, 2009.
[28] Sangho Seo, Sin-Chong Park. Efficient RFID Anti-collision scheme with multi-collision reflected frame request. 2009 6th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2009.
[29] Yuan-Cheng Lai, Ling-Yen Hsiao. General Binary Tree Protocol for Coping with the Capture Effect in RFID Tag Identification. IEEE Communications Letters, v 14, n 3, p 208-10, March 2010.
[30] Yonghwan Kim, Sungsoo Kim, Seongjoon Lee, Kwangseon Ahn. Improved 4-ary Query Tree Algorithm for Anti-Collision in RFID System. 2009 International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2009), p 699-704, 2009.
[31] Vinod Namboodiri, Lixin Gao. Energy-Aware Tag Anticollision Protocols for RFID Systems. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, v 9, n 1, p 44-59, Jan. 2010.
[32] Gyanendra Prasad Joshi, Kazi Md. Abdulla Mamun, Sung Won Kim. A Reader Anti-collision MAC Protocol for Dense Reader RFID System. 2009 WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing. CMC 2009, p 313-16, 2009.
[33] Ching-Hsien Hsu, Shih-Chang Chen, Chia-Hao Yu, Jong Hyuk Park. Alleviating reader collision problem in mobile RFID networks. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, v 13, n 7, p 489-497, 2009.
[34] Gyanendra Prasad Joshi, Sung Won Kim. An Efficient MAC Protocol for Throughput Enhancement in Dense RFID System. 2009 4th International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing (ISWPC 2009), p 5 pp., 2009.
[35] Jun-Bong Eom, Soon-Bin Yim, Tae-Jin Lee. An Efficient Reader Anti-collisionAlgorithm in Dense RFID Networks With Mobile RFID Readers. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, v 56, n 7, p 2326-2336, 2009.
[36] InChan Song, SungHyun Hong, KyungHi Chang. An Improved Reader Anti-collision Algorithm based on Pulse Protocol with Slot Occupied Probability in Dense Reader Mode. 2009 IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference, p 5 pp., 2009.
[37] Filippo Gandino, Renato Ferrero, Bartolomeo Montrucchio, Maurizio Rebaudengo. Introducing Probability in RFID Reader-to-Reader Anti-collision. Proceedings 2009 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA), p 250-7, 2009.
[38] Yao-feng Xue, Hua-li Sun, Zhi-ting Zhu. RFID Dynamic Grouping Anti-collision Algorithm Based on FCM. 2009 International Joint Conference on Bioinformatics, Systems Biology and Intelligent Computing (IJCBS), p 619-22, 2009.
[39]孙诗东,聂景楠等.多码道扩频多址ALOHA系统吞吐性能分析.解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版)第5卷第6期p25-29. 2004年12月.
[40]孙诗东,聂景楠.扩频ALOHA多址系统吞吐量和时延性能分析.电子与信息学报第28卷第7期p1251-1254. 2006年7月.
[2]魏继涛. RFID系统中的防碰撞算法研究.华中师范大学硕士论文. 2009
[3]丁俊.射频识别(FRID)标签防碰撞算法.中国科学技术大学硕士论文. 2010.
[4]周晓光,王晓华.射频识别(RFID)技术原理与应用实例.人民邮电出版社. 2006.
[5] Weidong Wang, Yinghai Zhang, Yuan Sang, Shoufeng Wang. ANALYSIS OF ANTI-COLLISION ALGORITHMS IN RFID SYSTEM. Proceedings of 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications Technology and Applications, IEEE ICCTA2009, p 58-62, 2009.
[6] HU Wenbin, HU Zhengbing, LIU Ya, SU Wen ,DING Mao, PAN Ziyao. A RFID Anti-Collision Algorithm Based on Pipeline and Pre-detecting Mechanism. Proceedings of the 2009 International Symposium on Computer Network and Multimedia Technology (CNMT 2009), p 6 pp., 2009.
[7] WANG Ya-qi, JIANG Guo-ping, WANG Jing. Framed slotted ALOHA with grouping tactic and binary selection for anti-collision in RFID systems. The Journal of China Universities of Posts and Telecommunications. 2009, 16(4): 47-52.
[8] Qiaoling Tong, Xuecheng Zou, Hengqing Tong. Dynamic Framed Slotted ALOHA Algorithm Based on Bayesian Estimation in RFID System. 2009 WRI World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering, CSIE, p 384-8, 2009.
[9] Yan-Fei Li, Hong-Jun Wang, Hua Yang, Yu-Shan Zheng. A RFID Anti-Collision Algorithm Based on Slot Time. Proceedings of the 2009 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), p 4 pp., 2009.
[10] Won-Ju Yoon, Sang-Hwa Chung, Shin-Jun Park, Su-Young Kang. Multichannel Slotted-Aloha Anticollision Protocol for Active RFID Systems. 2009 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, p 5 pp., 2009.
[11] Weilian Su, Nikolaos V. Alchazidis, Tri T. Ha. Multiple RFID Tags Access Algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, v 9, n 2, p 174-87, Feb. 2010.
[12] Woo Jin Shin, Jeong Geun Kim. A Capture-Aware Access Control Method forEnhanced RFID Anti-collision Performance. IEEE Communications Letters, v 13, n 5, p 354-6, May 2009.
[13] Yinghua Cui and Yuping Zhao. A Modified Q-parameter Anti-collision Scheme for RFID Systems. 2009 International Conference on Ultra Modern Telecommunications & Workshops. ICUMT 2009, p 4 pp., 2009.
[14] Ki Yong Jeon, Sung Ho Cho. Performance of RFID EPC C1 Gen2 Anti-collision in Multi-path Fading Environments. 2009 Second International Conference on Communication Theory, Reliability, and Quality of Service (CTRQ), p 125-8, 2009.
[15] Hong gang Wang , Chang xing Pei,Feng Zheng. Pulse detection based anti-collision protocol for passive RFID system. Proceedings of the 2009 5th International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Mobile Computing (WiCOM), p 5 pp, 2009.
[16] Dan Liu, Zhongxiang Wang, Jie Tan, Hao Min, Junyu Wang. ALOHA Algorithm considering the Slot Duration Difference in RFID system. 2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID, RFID 2009, p 56-63, 2009.
[17] Bo-Yu Chen,Ching-Hsien Hsu,Kuan-Ching Li. An Adaptive Anti-Collision Algorithm towards Efficient RFID Tag Identification. 2009 Symposia and Workshops on Ubiquitous, Autonomic and Trusted Computing in Conjunction with The UIC 2009 and ATC 2009 Conferences, p 217-22, 2009.
[18] Yael Maguire, Ravikanth Pappu. An Optimal Q-Algorithm for the ISO 18000-6C RFID Protocol. IEEE Transactions on Automation Science and Engineering, v 6, n 1, p 16-24, Jan. 2009.
[19] Rushikesh S. Khasgiwale,Rohan U. Adyanthaya,Daniel W. Engels. Extracting Information from Tag Collisions. 2009 IEEE International Conference on RFID, p 131-8, 2009.
[20]刘拓晟. RFID防碰撞算法的研究.湖南大学硕士论文. 2009.
[21]王亚奇. RFID系统防碰撞算法的研究.南京邮电大学硕士论文. 2005.
[22]李世煜.射频识别(RFID)系统防碰撞算法研究与设计.西南交通大学硕士论文. 2008.
[23] Yuan-Cheng Lai, Chih-Chung Lin. A blocking RFID anti-collision protocol for quick tag identification. 2009 IFIP International Conference on Wireless and Optical Communications Networks. WOCN2009, p 6 pp., 2009.
[24] Yuan-Cheng Lai, Chih-Chung Lin. Two Blocking Algorithms on Adaptive Binary Splitting: Single and Pair Resolutions for RFID Tag Identification.IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, v 17, n 3, p 962-975, 2009.
[25] SungSoo Kim, YongHwan Kim, KwangSeon Ahn. An Enhanced Slotted Binary Tree Algorithm with Intelligent Separation in RFID Systems. 2009 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications (ISCC), p 237-42, 2009.
[26] Jia-lin Ma, Xu Wei. An Improved Anti-collision Algorithm in RFID System. 2009 Ninth International Conference on Hybrid Intelligent Systems (HIS 2009), p 138-41, 2009.
[27] Xudong Yang, Ziming Wang. AN IMPROVED ANTI-COLLISION ALGORITHM USING HASH METHOD IN RFID SYSTEM. Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Communications Technology and Applications (ICCTA 2009), p 15-20, 2009.
[28] Sangho Seo, Sin-Chong Park. Efficient RFID Anti-collision scheme with multi-collision reflected frame request. 2009 6th IEEE Consumer Communications and Networking Conference, CCNC 2009.
[29] Yuan-Cheng Lai, Ling-Yen Hsiao. General Binary Tree Protocol for Coping with the Capture Effect in RFID Tag Identification. IEEE Communications Letters, v 14, n 3, p 208-10, March 2010.
[30] Yonghwan Kim, Sungsoo Kim, Seongjoon Lee, Kwangseon Ahn. Improved 4-ary Query Tree Algorithm for Anti-Collision in RFID System. 2009 International Conference on Advanced Information Networking and Applications (AINA 2009), p 699-704, 2009.
[31] Vinod Namboodiri, Lixin Gao. Energy-Aware Tag Anticollision Protocols for RFID Systems. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, v 9, n 1, p 44-59, Jan. 2010.
[32] Gyanendra Prasad Joshi, Kazi Md. Abdulla Mamun, Sung Won Kim. A Reader Anti-collision MAC Protocol for Dense Reader RFID System. 2009 WRI International Conference on Communications and Mobile Computing. CMC 2009, p 313-16, 2009.
[33] Ching-Hsien Hsu, Shih-Chang Chen, Chia-Hao Yu, Jong Hyuk Park. Alleviating reader collision problem in mobile RFID networks. Personal and Ubiquitous Computing, v 13, n 7, p 489-497, 2009.
[34] Gyanendra Prasad Joshi, Sung Won Kim. An Efficient MAC Protocol for Throughput Enhancement in Dense RFID System. 2009 4th International Symposium on Wireless Pervasive Computing (ISWPC 2009), p 5 pp., 2009.
[35] Jun-Bong Eom, Soon-Bin Yim, Tae-Jin Lee. An Efficient Reader Anti-collisionAlgorithm in Dense RFID Networks With Mobile RFID Readers. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, v 56, n 7, p 2326-2336, 2009.
[36] InChan Song, SungHyun Hong, KyungHi Chang. An Improved Reader Anti-collision Algorithm based on Pulse Protocol with Slot Occupied Probability in Dense Reader Mode. 2009 IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference, p 5 pp., 2009.
[37] Filippo Gandino, Renato Ferrero, Bartolomeo Montrucchio, Maurizio Rebaudengo. Introducing Probability in RFID Reader-to-Reader Anti-collision. Proceedings 2009 Eighth IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications (NCA), p 250-7, 2009.
[38] Yao-feng Xue, Hua-li Sun, Zhi-ting Zhu. RFID Dynamic Grouping Anti-collision Algorithm Based on FCM. 2009 International Joint Conference on Bioinformatics, Systems Biology and Intelligent Computing (IJCBS), p 619-22, 2009.
[39]孙诗东,聂景楠等.多码道扩频多址ALOHA系统吞吐性能分析.解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版)第5卷第6期p25-29. 2004年12月.
[40]孙诗东,聂景楠.扩频ALOHA多址系统吞吐量和时延性能分析.电子与信息学报第28卷第7期p1251-1254. 2006年7月.