Versican基因对毛乳头细胞凝集性生长的作用研究
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摘要
背景及目的:毛乳头所固有的诱导毛囊形成的特性得到了广泛认同。即使将体外培养的毛乳头细胞移植入正常皮肤,仍然具有诱导毛发生长作用。每个毛囊都有自己固有的生长节律,其生长周期并非同步进行,所以单个毛囊的周期性生长受到多种毛囊自身细胞的信号调控。目前对于毛囊生长周期中各种基因的表达变化所知甚少。毛囊的分子生物学研究还需要深入探讨。至今无毛囊体外重建成功的报道,其原因在于,这些研究仅仅模拟了毛囊上皮和间质的接触作用环境,而无法真正提供含有细胞因子、细胞外基质等重要成分的体内环境,无法从根本上提供毛囊形成的基本条件。显然细胞因子、细胞外基质在毛囊发育中的发挥着重要作用。而Versican基因的表达与毛乳头细胞的凝集性生长显正相关,同时Wnt/β-catenin信号通路控制着Versican的表达。因此,我们推测Versican基因有可能是控制毛乳头细胞凝集性生长的关键基因。本研究在我科建立的高效简便分离毛乳头细胞的方法基础上,应用二步酶消化法分离毛乳头细胞、并进行体外培养,观察其体外培养的生物学特性;应用western blot检测β-catenin和Versican的蛋白表达水平、激光共聚焦显微镜检测其标记强度、RT-PCR法检测β-catenin和Versican的基因表达,并用siRNA干扰Versican的表达等方法研究Versican基因在毛乳头凝集性生长方式中的重要作用,为进一步研究毛囊的生物学特征及毛囊形成过程中的影响因素奠定基础,为以Versican为靶点研究毛囊生物学特征提供良好的实验证据和理论支持。
方法:利用二步酶消化法分别培养毛乳头细胞、真皮鞘细胞、成纤维细胞和角质形成细胞,观察不同代次毛乳头细胞凝集性生长的特征变化,应用Western Blot法检测细胞不同代次毛乳头细胞中β-catenin和Versican的表达变化;采用基因转染技术构建重组腺病毒颗粒pAdEasy-1/Wnt-3a并扩增。并观察低代(1-6)、高代(7-10代)毛乳头细胞,Wnt-3a转染、K-SFM、K-SFM+Wnt-3a诱导的高代凝集性生长毛乳头细胞;以及角质形成细胞、成纤维细胞和毛囊真皮鞘细胞中β-catenin和Versican的表达变化差异;通过重组腺病毒颗粒pAdEasy-1/Wnt-3a转染毛乳头细胞,观察外源性过表达Wnt-3a对毛乳头细胞生长方式的影响;RT-PCR法检测各组细胞中Wnt-3a,β-catenin和Versican不同亚型的mRNA表达情况;激光共聚焦显微镜检测应用β-catenin、Versican抗体标记的各组细胞表达变化;并且以Wnt-3a腺病毒感染高代毛乳头细胞,对比观察感染腺病毒后高代毛乳头细胞β-catenin及Versican基因表达变化。观察高代毛乳头细胞感染Wnt-3a表达腺病毒后的生长特性变化。用siRNA合成片段转染低代毛乳头细胞,观察siRNA干扰Versican基因的表达对低代毛乳头细胞凝集性生长的影响。
结果:体外培养的毛乳头细胞有凝集性生长的特性,其凝集性生长特性随培养代次的增加逐渐减弱。western blot方法检测不同代次毛乳头细胞β-catenin及Versican蛋白水平变化,发现随着毛乳头细胞传代次数的增加,β-catenin及Versican蛋白表达水平逐渐降低,且Versican蛋白降低幅度更大;低代毛乳头细胞两种基因表达与对照组成纤维细胞、毛囊真皮鞘细胞和角质形成细胞相比均有明显差异,与高代毛乳头细胞比较则有显著差异;观察不同代次毛乳头细胞凝集性生长状态的变化,发现随着代次逐渐增高,毛乳头细胞凝集性生长趋势逐渐减弱,其减弱趋势与Versican基因变化时间及幅度大致相同。采用成功构建Wnt-3a表达腺病毒颗粒感染高代毛乳头细胞后β-catenin及Versican基因mRNA和蛋白水平均明显上调,Versican基因上调更显著达到了与低代毛乳头细胞基本相同的水平;Wnt-3a腺病毒感染高代毛乳头细胞后其出现凝集性生长方式,与低代毛乳头细胞的凝集性生长相似。siRNA能有效干扰Versican基因在低代毛乳头细胞中的表达,其抑制效应呈时间和强度依赖性,且在mRNA和蛋白水平均有显著抑制,对β-catenin基因表达没有显著影响;Versican siRNA能显著改变低代毛乳头细胞的生长方式,使其原本的凝集性生长方式消失,与高代毛乳头细胞的生长方式相似。
结论:
一、Versican蛋白水平表达与毛乳头细胞凝集性生长密切相关;通过不同代次毛乳头细胞中Versican和β-catenin表达研究,首次证明了Versican和毛乳头细胞凝集性生长的关系。随着毛乳头细胞代次增加,其凝集性生长的趋势减弱,毛乳头细胞β-catenin和Versican的表达逐渐降低,其中β-catenin的降低不如Versican明显,而Versican的降低趋势和凝集性生长特性改变相关性紧密。
二、Wnt信号通道调节参与毛乳头细胞凝集性生长特性的调控。Wnt-3a的过度表达有明确的诱导毛乳头细胞凝集性生长的作用,作用机制可能是通过相关基因β-catenin、Versican的表达改变来实现,并且其调节水平需达到一定的阈值方可发挥作用。而K-SFM也有部分诱导毛乳头细胞凝集性生长的作用,作用机制与其中含有部分细胞因子有关。
三、Wnt-3a对毛乳头细胞表达β-catenin和Versican有明确调节作用。过度表达Wnt-3a具有诱导人毛乳头细胞β-catenin和Versican水平上调的能力;且诱导人毛乳头细胞β-catenin水平上调的能力大于诱导Versican水平上调的能力,同时β-catenin和Versican的基因水平和蛋白水平的改变不对称,因此可以初步明确Wnt-3a对Versican蛋白水平的调控过程可能以转录过程的调节为主,但受到多种因素的影响。
四、应用RNA干扰技术特异性的干扰毛乳头细胞Versican基因表达时,低代毛乳头细胞Versican蛋白的表达降低,并且具有时间和浓度依赖性。Versican的V0/V1亚型对毛乳头细胞的凝集性生长特性影响较明显,而V2和V3亚型可能不参与该特性的调控。干扰低代毛乳头细胞Versican的表达时其凝集性生长特性逐渐消失,进一步说明Versican基因在毛乳头细胞的凝集性生长中具有重要作用。
Background and objective:Dermal papilla can induce formation of the hair follicle even when the in vitro cultured dermal papilla cells are transplanted into normal skin. Every hair follicle has its own inherent growth rhythm but asynchronous growth cycle, so periodical growth of single hair follicle is regulated by signal of self cells of many hair follicles. Currently, little has known about expression of all kinds of genes in growth cycle of hair follicle and deeper study is needed in molecular biological study of the hair follicles. However, there is no report on successful in vitro construction of the hair follicle, for many researches only simulated taction environment for follicular epithelium and mesenchyma but could not provide in vivo environment containing cytokine and extracellular matrix, which lacked basic condition for formation of the hair follicle. It is clear that cytokine and extracellular matrix play important role in development of the hair follicle. Expression of Versican gene is positively correlated with agglutinative growth of dermal papilla cells, while Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway controlled expression of Versican gene. We presumed that Versican gene is key gene controlling agglutinative growth of dermal papilla cells. In the study, by means of enzyme digestion, we effectively and conveniently isolated dermal papilla cells and cultured them in vitro to observe their biological characters. Meanwhile, Western blot, Wnt-3a adenovirus infection and siRNA method were used to explore possible role of Versican gene in agglutinative growth pattern of the dermal papilla cells so as to provide basis for further studying biological characters of the hair follicle and probing influencing factors of hair follicle formation, and give experimental evidence and theoretical support for strategy in regulating agglutinative growth of dermal papilla cells with Versican as target.
Methods:By using enzyme digestion, fibroblasts including dermal papilla cells and dermal sheath cells as well as epidermal keratinocytes were in vitro cultured and passaged to investigate changes of agglutinative growth of different generation dermal papilla cells. Adenovirus plasmid pAdEasy-1/Wnt-3a was recombined and amplified. Western blot was employed to detect expression changes ofβ-catenin and Versican of different generation dermal papilla cells. At the same time, expression changes ofβ-catenin and Versican were observed in low generation and high generation dermal papilla cells, high generation dermal papilla cells induced by Wnt-3a in conditioned media with Wnt-3a and malpighian cells as well as in control group of malpighian cells, fibroblasts and dermal sheath cells. Recombinant adenovirus plasmid pAdEasy-1/Wnt-3a was used to transfect dermal papilla cells to observe the effect of exogenously overexpressing Wnt-3a on growth pattern of dermal papilla cells. mRNA expressions of Wnt-3a,β-catenin and different subtypes of Versican were detected by RT-PCR and the expression ofβ-catenin and Versican in different groups by laser confocal microscopy. Moreover, adenovirus Wnt-3a was used to infect high generation dermal papilla cells to comparatively investigate expression changes ofβ-catenin and Versican in high generation dermal papilla cells and observe growth changes of high generation dermal papilla cells after infection with Wnt-3a adenovirus. siRNA synthesis fragments were used to transfect low generation dermal papilla cells to investigate the effect of siRNA decreasing expression of Versican gene on agglutinative growth of low generation dermal papilla cells.
Results:Culture results showed that dermal papilla cells were characterized by agglutinative growth, which was in accordance with previous reports. Agglutination may weaken with increased generation of cells. Western blot was employed to observe protein level changes ofβ-catenin and Versican of different generation of dermal papilla cells and showed that protein expression ofβ-catenin and Versican decreased gradually especially Versican protein with maturation of dermal papilla cells from low generation to high generation. Expressions of two genes of low generation dermal papilla cells showed obvious difference compared with fibroblasts, dermal sheath cells and malpighian cells in control group, while high generation dermal papilla cells showed very significant difference. Results of agglutinative growth mode of different generation of dermal papilla cells showed that agglutinative growth gradually weakened with increase of generation, which was roughly identical to time and amplitude of Versican gene. We successfully constructed Wnt-3a expression adenovirus. mRNA and protein expression ofβ-catenin and Versican genes after Wnt-3a infected high generation dermal papilla cells: posterior to infection with adenovirus Wnt-3a, expressions ofβ-catenin and Versican gene were up-regulated and up-regulation of Versican gene reached basically same level of low generation dermal papilla cells; posterior to infection with Wnt-3a, high generation dermal papilla cells grew at agglutinative pattern, which was similar to agglutinative growth of low generation dermal papilla cells. siRNA could depress expression of Versican gene in low generation of dermal papilla cells at a time- and dose-related fashion either at mRNA level or protein level. However, siRNA exerted no effect on expression ofβ-catenin. Versican siRNA could change growth mode of low generation of dermal papilla cells and make previous agglutinative growth mode disappear, which was similar to growth mode of high generation of dermal papilla cells.
Conclusions:
(1)Versican protein level is closely correlated with agglutinative growth of DPC. We proved, for the first time, the relation between Versican and agglutinative growth of DPC by studying expressions of Versican andβ-catenin in different generation of DPC. With increase of generation, the agglutinative growth of DPC tended to be slowed and expressions of DPCβ-catenin and Versican gradually decreased, especially Versican. While expression of Versican is positively related with characteristic change of agglutinative growth of DPC.
(2) Signal regulation of Wnt participates in regulation of characteristic agglutinative growth of DPC. Over expression of Wnt-3a can markedly induce agglutinative growth of DPC, which is possibly related to regulating expressions of downstream-related genesβ-catenin and Versican at certain threshold value. Conditioned medium of KC can partially induce agglutinative growth of DPC, which is due to the reason that KC contains some cytokines.
(3) Wnt-3a has definite regulative effect on DPC expressingβ-catenin and Versican. Over expression of Wnt-3a can induce up-regulation of expressions ofβ-catenin and Versican, especially that of Versican, in human DPC. In the meantime, gene and protein levels ofβ-catenin and Versican change dissymmetrically, which can preliminarily make clear that the course of Wnt-3a regulating Versican protein level is mainly regulating transcription and affected by multiple factors.
(4) Specific knock-down of gene expression of DPC Versican by means of RNA interference technique,results in decrease of expression of low generation of DPC Versican protein, at a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Subtype V0/V1 of Versican exerts remarkable effect on agglutinative growth of DPC, while subtypes V2 and V3 may be excluded from such regulation course. When expression of low generation DPC Versican is knocked down, the agglutinative growth of DPC gradually disappears, which further proves critical role of Versican gene in agglutinative growth of DPC.
方法:利用二步酶消化法分别培养毛乳头细胞、真皮鞘细胞、成纤维细胞和角质形成细胞,观察不同代次毛乳头细胞凝集性生长的特征变化,应用Western Blot法检测细胞不同代次毛乳头细胞中β-catenin和Versican的表达变化;采用基因转染技术构建重组腺病毒颗粒pAdEasy-1/Wnt-3a并扩增。并观察低代(1-6)、高代(7-10代)毛乳头细胞,Wnt-3a转染、K-SFM、K-SFM+Wnt-3a诱导的高代凝集性生长毛乳头细胞;以及角质形成细胞、成纤维细胞和毛囊真皮鞘细胞中β-catenin和Versican的表达变化差异;通过重组腺病毒颗粒pAdEasy-1/Wnt-3a转染毛乳头细胞,观察外源性过表达Wnt-3a对毛乳头细胞生长方式的影响;RT-PCR法检测各组细胞中Wnt-3a,β-catenin和Versican不同亚型的mRNA表达情况;激光共聚焦显微镜检测应用β-catenin、Versican抗体标记的各组细胞表达变化;并且以Wnt-3a腺病毒感染高代毛乳头细胞,对比观察感染腺病毒后高代毛乳头细胞β-catenin及Versican基因表达变化。观察高代毛乳头细胞感染Wnt-3a表达腺病毒后的生长特性变化。用siRNA合成片段转染低代毛乳头细胞,观察siRNA干扰Versican基因的表达对低代毛乳头细胞凝集性生长的影响。
结果:体外培养的毛乳头细胞有凝集性生长的特性,其凝集性生长特性随培养代次的增加逐渐减弱。western blot方法检测不同代次毛乳头细胞β-catenin及Versican蛋白水平变化,发现随着毛乳头细胞传代次数的增加,β-catenin及Versican蛋白表达水平逐渐降低,且Versican蛋白降低幅度更大;低代毛乳头细胞两种基因表达与对照组成纤维细胞、毛囊真皮鞘细胞和角质形成细胞相比均有明显差异,与高代毛乳头细胞比较则有显著差异;观察不同代次毛乳头细胞凝集性生长状态的变化,发现随着代次逐渐增高,毛乳头细胞凝集性生长趋势逐渐减弱,其减弱趋势与Versican基因变化时间及幅度大致相同。采用成功构建Wnt-3a表达腺病毒颗粒感染高代毛乳头细胞后β-catenin及Versican基因mRNA和蛋白水平均明显上调,Versican基因上调更显著达到了与低代毛乳头细胞基本相同的水平;Wnt-3a腺病毒感染高代毛乳头细胞后其出现凝集性生长方式,与低代毛乳头细胞的凝集性生长相似。siRNA能有效干扰Versican基因在低代毛乳头细胞中的表达,其抑制效应呈时间和强度依赖性,且在mRNA和蛋白水平均有显著抑制,对β-catenin基因表达没有显著影响;Versican siRNA能显著改变低代毛乳头细胞的生长方式,使其原本的凝集性生长方式消失,与高代毛乳头细胞的生长方式相似。
结论:
一、Versican蛋白水平表达与毛乳头细胞凝集性生长密切相关;通过不同代次毛乳头细胞中Versican和β-catenin表达研究,首次证明了Versican和毛乳头细胞凝集性生长的关系。随着毛乳头细胞代次增加,其凝集性生长的趋势减弱,毛乳头细胞β-catenin和Versican的表达逐渐降低,其中β-catenin的降低不如Versican明显,而Versican的降低趋势和凝集性生长特性改变相关性紧密。
二、Wnt信号通道调节参与毛乳头细胞凝集性生长特性的调控。Wnt-3a的过度表达有明确的诱导毛乳头细胞凝集性生长的作用,作用机制可能是通过相关基因β-catenin、Versican的表达改变来实现,并且其调节水平需达到一定的阈值方可发挥作用。而K-SFM也有部分诱导毛乳头细胞凝集性生长的作用,作用机制与其中含有部分细胞因子有关。
三、Wnt-3a对毛乳头细胞表达β-catenin和Versican有明确调节作用。过度表达Wnt-3a具有诱导人毛乳头细胞β-catenin和Versican水平上调的能力;且诱导人毛乳头细胞β-catenin水平上调的能力大于诱导Versican水平上调的能力,同时β-catenin和Versican的基因水平和蛋白水平的改变不对称,因此可以初步明确Wnt-3a对Versican蛋白水平的调控过程可能以转录过程的调节为主,但受到多种因素的影响。
四、应用RNA干扰技术特异性的干扰毛乳头细胞Versican基因表达时,低代毛乳头细胞Versican蛋白的表达降低,并且具有时间和浓度依赖性。Versican的V0/V1亚型对毛乳头细胞的凝集性生长特性影响较明显,而V2和V3亚型可能不参与该特性的调控。干扰低代毛乳头细胞Versican的表达时其凝集性生长特性逐渐消失,进一步说明Versican基因在毛乳头细胞的凝集性生长中具有重要作用。
Background and objective:Dermal papilla can induce formation of the hair follicle even when the in vitro cultured dermal papilla cells are transplanted into normal skin. Every hair follicle has its own inherent growth rhythm but asynchronous growth cycle, so periodical growth of single hair follicle is regulated by signal of self cells of many hair follicles. Currently, little has known about expression of all kinds of genes in growth cycle of hair follicle and deeper study is needed in molecular biological study of the hair follicles. However, there is no report on successful in vitro construction of the hair follicle, for many researches only simulated taction environment for follicular epithelium and mesenchyma but could not provide in vivo environment containing cytokine and extracellular matrix, which lacked basic condition for formation of the hair follicle. It is clear that cytokine and extracellular matrix play important role in development of the hair follicle. Expression of Versican gene is positively correlated with agglutinative growth of dermal papilla cells, while Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway controlled expression of Versican gene. We presumed that Versican gene is key gene controlling agglutinative growth of dermal papilla cells. In the study, by means of enzyme digestion, we effectively and conveniently isolated dermal papilla cells and cultured them in vitro to observe their biological characters. Meanwhile, Western blot, Wnt-3a adenovirus infection and siRNA method were used to explore possible role of Versican gene in agglutinative growth pattern of the dermal papilla cells so as to provide basis for further studying biological characters of the hair follicle and probing influencing factors of hair follicle formation, and give experimental evidence and theoretical support for strategy in regulating agglutinative growth of dermal papilla cells with Versican as target.
Methods:By using enzyme digestion, fibroblasts including dermal papilla cells and dermal sheath cells as well as epidermal keratinocytes were in vitro cultured and passaged to investigate changes of agglutinative growth of different generation dermal papilla cells. Adenovirus plasmid pAdEasy-1/Wnt-3a was recombined and amplified. Western blot was employed to detect expression changes ofβ-catenin and Versican of different generation dermal papilla cells. At the same time, expression changes ofβ-catenin and Versican were observed in low generation and high generation dermal papilla cells, high generation dermal papilla cells induced by Wnt-3a in conditioned media with Wnt-3a and malpighian cells as well as in control group of malpighian cells, fibroblasts and dermal sheath cells. Recombinant adenovirus plasmid pAdEasy-1/Wnt-3a was used to transfect dermal papilla cells to observe the effect of exogenously overexpressing Wnt-3a on growth pattern of dermal papilla cells. mRNA expressions of Wnt-3a,β-catenin and different subtypes of Versican were detected by RT-PCR and the expression ofβ-catenin and Versican in different groups by laser confocal microscopy. Moreover, adenovirus Wnt-3a was used to infect high generation dermal papilla cells to comparatively investigate expression changes ofβ-catenin and Versican in high generation dermal papilla cells and observe growth changes of high generation dermal papilla cells after infection with Wnt-3a adenovirus. siRNA synthesis fragments were used to transfect low generation dermal papilla cells to investigate the effect of siRNA decreasing expression of Versican gene on agglutinative growth of low generation dermal papilla cells.
Results:Culture results showed that dermal papilla cells were characterized by agglutinative growth, which was in accordance with previous reports. Agglutination may weaken with increased generation of cells. Western blot was employed to observe protein level changes ofβ-catenin and Versican of different generation of dermal papilla cells and showed that protein expression ofβ-catenin and Versican decreased gradually especially Versican protein with maturation of dermal papilla cells from low generation to high generation. Expressions of two genes of low generation dermal papilla cells showed obvious difference compared with fibroblasts, dermal sheath cells and malpighian cells in control group, while high generation dermal papilla cells showed very significant difference. Results of agglutinative growth mode of different generation of dermal papilla cells showed that agglutinative growth gradually weakened with increase of generation, which was roughly identical to time and amplitude of Versican gene. We successfully constructed Wnt-3a expression adenovirus. mRNA and protein expression ofβ-catenin and Versican genes after Wnt-3a infected high generation dermal papilla cells: posterior to infection with adenovirus Wnt-3a, expressions ofβ-catenin and Versican gene were up-regulated and up-regulation of Versican gene reached basically same level of low generation dermal papilla cells; posterior to infection with Wnt-3a, high generation dermal papilla cells grew at agglutinative pattern, which was similar to agglutinative growth of low generation dermal papilla cells. siRNA could depress expression of Versican gene in low generation of dermal papilla cells at a time- and dose-related fashion either at mRNA level or protein level. However, siRNA exerted no effect on expression ofβ-catenin. Versican siRNA could change growth mode of low generation of dermal papilla cells and make previous agglutinative growth mode disappear, which was similar to growth mode of high generation of dermal papilla cells.
Conclusions:
(1)Versican protein level is closely correlated with agglutinative growth of DPC. We proved, for the first time, the relation between Versican and agglutinative growth of DPC by studying expressions of Versican andβ-catenin in different generation of DPC. With increase of generation, the agglutinative growth of DPC tended to be slowed and expressions of DPCβ-catenin and Versican gradually decreased, especially Versican. While expression of Versican is positively related with characteristic change of agglutinative growth of DPC.
(2) Signal regulation of Wnt participates in regulation of characteristic agglutinative growth of DPC. Over expression of Wnt-3a can markedly induce agglutinative growth of DPC, which is possibly related to regulating expressions of downstream-related genesβ-catenin and Versican at certain threshold value. Conditioned medium of KC can partially induce agglutinative growth of DPC, which is due to the reason that KC contains some cytokines.
(3) Wnt-3a has definite regulative effect on DPC expressingβ-catenin and Versican. Over expression of Wnt-3a can induce up-regulation of expressions ofβ-catenin and Versican, especially that of Versican, in human DPC. In the meantime, gene and protein levels ofβ-catenin and Versican change dissymmetrically, which can preliminarily make clear that the course of Wnt-3a regulating Versican protein level is mainly regulating transcription and affected by multiple factors.
(4) Specific knock-down of gene expression of DPC Versican by means of RNA interference technique,results in decrease of expression of low generation of DPC Versican protein, at a time- and dose-dependent fashion. Subtype V0/V1 of Versican exerts remarkable effect on agglutinative growth of DPC, while subtypes V2 and V3 may be excluded from such regulation course. When expression of low generation DPC Versican is knocked down, the agglutinative growth of DPC gradually disappears, which further proves critical role of Versican gene in agglutinative growth of DPC.
引文
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