高效同步整流buck DC/DC转换器的研究与设计
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摘要
目前,DC/DC转换器己在通讯、电子计算机、消费类电子产品等领域获得了广泛应用。为了提高其性能,高效率、高精度、高集成度成为设计的关键。
本文首先介绍了降压型DC/DC转换器的工作原理,深入分析了转换器的各种功率损耗源和同步整流技术。然后对DC/DC转换器的关键电路进行了分析设计,包括:斜坡补偿电路、误差放大器/补偿网络、PWM比较器、电感电流检测电路、同步整流驱动电路、续流检测电路等。
本文设计了结构新颖的内置电感电流检测电路和同步整流驱动电路,实现了电流模脉宽调制与同步整流技术的结合,有效地提高了DC/DC转换器的效率、精度和集成度。
整个设计采用0.35um 3.3V CMOS模型,仿真结果显示,电源转换效率高达91%,稳态输出电压纹波为7mV,负载调整率为? 0.428(%/ A),线性调整率为,均达到或优于预定指标,满足高效率和高精度的要求。0.26(% / V)
Recently, DC/DC switching converters have been widely used in communication systems, computers and consumer electronic products, etc. To improve the performance of DC/DC switching converters, high efficiency, high precision and high integration are the key in the design.
Firstly, the basic principle buck DC/DC switching converter is introduced, and the various sources of power loss and the synchronous rectification technology are further analyzed. Then, the critical circuits are designed, including compensation ramp circuit, error amplifier/compensation network, PWM comparator, current-sensing circuit, synchronous rectification driving circuit and continuous-current sensing circuit, etc.
a novel built-in current-sensing circuit and a synchronous rectification driving circuit are designed, thus the current-mode pulse-width modulation technology and the synchronous rectification technology are integrated skillfully. Consequently, the efficiency, precision and integration of the DC/DC converter are improved effectively.
Based on the 0.35um 3.3V CMOS model, the whole circuit is simulated. The simulation result shows that the conversion efficiency is up to 91%, the output ripple voltage is only 7mV, the load regulation is ? 0.428(% / A) and the line regulation is 0.26(% / V). The specifications required are attained.
本文首先介绍了降压型DC/DC转换器的工作原理,深入分析了转换器的各种功率损耗源和同步整流技术。然后对DC/DC转换器的关键电路进行了分析设计,包括:斜坡补偿电路、误差放大器/补偿网络、PWM比较器、电感电流检测电路、同步整流驱动电路、续流检测电路等。
本文设计了结构新颖的内置电感电流检测电路和同步整流驱动电路,实现了电流模脉宽调制与同步整流技术的结合,有效地提高了DC/DC转换器的效率、精度和集成度。
整个设计采用0.35um 3.3V CMOS模型,仿真结果显示,电源转换效率高达91%,稳态输出电压纹波为7mV,负载调整率为? 0.428(%/ A),线性调整率为,均达到或优于预定指标,满足高效率和高精度的要求。0.26(% / V)
Recently, DC/DC switching converters have been widely used in communication systems, computers and consumer electronic products, etc. To improve the performance of DC/DC switching converters, high efficiency, high precision and high integration are the key in the design.
Firstly, the basic principle buck DC/DC switching converter is introduced, and the various sources of power loss and the synchronous rectification technology are further analyzed. Then, the critical circuits are designed, including compensation ramp circuit, error amplifier/compensation network, PWM comparator, current-sensing circuit, synchronous rectification driving circuit and continuous-current sensing circuit, etc.
a novel built-in current-sensing circuit and a synchronous rectification driving circuit are designed, thus the current-mode pulse-width modulation technology and the synchronous rectification technology are integrated skillfully. Consequently, the efficiency, precision and integration of the DC/DC converter are improved effectively.
Based on the 0.35um 3.3V CMOS model, the whole circuit is simulated. The simulation result shows that the conversion efficiency is up to 91%, the output ripple voltage is only 7mV, the load regulation is ? 0.428(% / A) and the line regulation is 0.26(% / V). The specifications required are attained.
引文
[1]王水平、于建国、宣宗强等,DC/DC变换器集成电路及其应用,西安电子科技大学出版社,2005年11月。
[2] Anthony John Stratakos. High-Efficiency Low-Voltage DC-DC Conversion for Portable Applications, University of California, Berkeley。
[3]张占松、蔡宣三编著,开关电源的原理与设计,第一版,电子工业出版社,1998年7月。
[4] Cheung Fai Lee. Switching converters. HKUST note,2007 fall。
[5]王水平、付敏江编著,开关稳压电压,第一版,西安电子科技大学出版社,1997年。
[6] Keith H. Sueker. Power Electronics Design:A Practitioner`s Guide. Printed in the United States of America。
[7] Robert Mammano. Switching power supply, Voltage mode vs.current mode. Texas instruments Incorporated Design Note DN_62 1999。
[8]许幸,高效率同步整流型DC_DC开关电源的研究与设计[硕士学位论文],浙江:浙江大学,2006年。
[9]朱正涌编著,半导体集成电路,第一版,清华大学出版社,2001年。
[10]徐德鸿编著,电力电子系统建模及控制,机械工业出版社,2006年1月。
[11] Vatche Vorperian. Simplified Analysis of PWM Converters Using Model of PWM Switch Part I: Continuous Conduction Mode. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and electronic systems.1990。
[12] MarianK Kazimierczuk. Transfer Function of Current Modulator in PWM Converters with current Mode Control. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems,2000。
[13] Vatche Vorperian. Simplified Analysis of PWM Converters Using Model of PWM Switch Part II: Discontinuous Conduction Mode. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems。
[14]陈贵灿、程军、张瑞智等译,模拟CMOS集成电路设计,第一版,西安交通大学出版社,2003年2月。
[15] Phillip E.Allen, Douglas R.Holberg著,冯军、李智群译,CMOS模拟集成电路设计,第二版,电子工业出版社,2005年3月。
[16] Cheung Fai Lee and Philip K. T. Mok. A Monolithic Current-Mode CMOSDC/DC Converter With On-Chip Current-Sensing Technique, IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUIT. VOL.39,NO.1,JANUARY 2004。
[17] Trevor A. Smith. Controlling a DC/DC Converter by Using the Power MOSFET as a Voltage Controlled Resistor. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS-I: FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, VOL.47, NO.3,MARCH 2000。
[18]周润德译,超大规模集成电路与系统导论,第一版,电子工业出版社,2004年1月。
[19] star-Hspice Manual. 1999。
[20] National Semiconductor, Power 100 DC To DC Converter Basics. Analog University。
[21]环球资源刊物,电子系统设计,2007年。
[2] Anthony John Stratakos. High-Efficiency Low-Voltage DC-DC Conversion for Portable Applications, University of California, Berkeley。
[3]张占松、蔡宣三编著,开关电源的原理与设计,第一版,电子工业出版社,1998年7月。
[4] Cheung Fai Lee. Switching converters. HKUST note,2007 fall。
[5]王水平、付敏江编著,开关稳压电压,第一版,西安电子科技大学出版社,1997年。
[6] Keith H. Sueker. Power Electronics Design:A Practitioner`s Guide. Printed in the United States of America。
[7] Robert Mammano. Switching power supply, Voltage mode vs.current mode. Texas instruments Incorporated Design Note DN_62 1999。
[8]许幸,高效率同步整流型DC_DC开关电源的研究与设计[硕士学位论文],浙江:浙江大学,2006年。
[9]朱正涌编著,半导体集成电路,第一版,清华大学出版社,2001年。
[10]徐德鸿编著,电力电子系统建模及控制,机械工业出版社,2006年1月。
[11] Vatche Vorperian. Simplified Analysis of PWM Converters Using Model of PWM Switch Part I: Continuous Conduction Mode. IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and electronic systems.1990。
[12] MarianK Kazimierczuk. Transfer Function of Current Modulator in PWM Converters with current Mode Control. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems,2000。
[13] Vatche Vorperian. Simplified Analysis of PWM Converters Using Model of PWM Switch Part II: Discontinuous Conduction Mode. IEEE transactions on circuits and systems。
[14]陈贵灿、程军、张瑞智等译,模拟CMOS集成电路设计,第一版,西安交通大学出版社,2003年2月。
[15] Phillip E.Allen, Douglas R.Holberg著,冯军、李智群译,CMOS模拟集成电路设计,第二版,电子工业出版社,2005年3月。
[16] Cheung Fai Lee and Philip K. T. Mok. A Monolithic Current-Mode CMOSDC/DC Converter With On-Chip Current-Sensing Technique, IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUIT. VOL.39,NO.1,JANUARY 2004。
[17] Trevor A. Smith. Controlling a DC/DC Converter by Using the Power MOSFET as a Voltage Controlled Resistor. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS-I: FUNDAMENTAL THEORY AND APPLICATIONS, VOL.47, NO.3,MARCH 2000。
[18]周润德译,超大规模集成电路与系统导论,第一版,电子工业出版社,2004年1月。
[19] star-Hspice Manual. 1999。
[20] National Semiconductor, Power 100 DC To DC Converter Basics. Analog University。
[21]环球资源刊物,电子系统设计,2007年。