基于客户交互关系的服务工作流优化技术研究
|
摘要
面向服务的计算架构正成为目前的主流技术,工作流技术的发展与面向服务计算的技术相结合,促成了服务工作流的快速发展,代表了当前工作流的研究与发展方向。
本文在分析国内外服务工作流发展方向及应用状况的基础上,重点研究了一种面向普适的、大众化服务工作流技术。有别于传统的属于某一组织内部(如集团、行业)的工作流技术。本文针对客户感知的工作流服务质量为优化控制目标,基于与客户交互中形成的关系为基础,研究了在普适服务计算中服务工作流的优化控制技术。提出一种基于客户关系的服务工作流优化模型,在此基础上提出了相应的优化控制算法与策略。具体来说,论文主要进行了如下方面的工作:
首先提出了一种基于客户关系的服务工作流模型。模型较好地综合了服务工作流的特点。
然后以客户交互理论为基础,提出了一种基于客户交互关系的工作流路径选取算法。在算法中采用了D-S证据理论来指导用户的工作流路径选择。相对于传统的单纯从服务质量的指标上进行优化来说,更具有实际的指导作用。在增强虚拟服务池的信任关系进行了演化计算。
最后基于本文提出的服务工作流模型,提出了一种基于遗传算法的服务工作流候选服务的算法。经过实验与理论证明,本文提出的算法在计算复杂度与速度上能够满足实际的需要,相对于一些传统的服务选取算法,实验结果表明本文提出的模型具有一定优势,同时在许多方面还值得进一步研究。
本文的研究成果对推动服务工作流的研究具有借鉴意义。
The service-oriented computing paradigm has been widely used in recent years. The popular paradigm has also facilitated the development of service-oriented workflow techniques, which is considered to be the future trend of workflow.
In the existing workflow systems, the traditional workflow techniques just serve a specific industrial area, company, and factory. Thus, the processing flow in such systems is stable. The paper proposes a novel workflow system, which provides graphical user interfaces to users to interact with user and optimize the quality of services based on the users' requirements. According to the workflow of an optimized customer relationship management model, we design and implement the corresponding to optimal controlling strategies and algorithms in our workflow system. Our workflow system has been successfully deployed in a telecommunication company and the operations in the company demonstrate the effectiveness of our system. More specifically, the major contributions of our work are as follows.
Firstly, the workflow model for customer relationship management, which takes the advantages of service-oriented techniques to provide effective services have been propsed.
The second an algorithm for workflow path selection based on the theory of human-machine interaction has been propsed. In our algorithm, the D-S theory has been used to perform path selection. Compared with the metrics of quality of services, our algorithm using user awareness can be practical and feasible. Inorder to enhance thevirtual services pool's trust relationship, we proceed the evolutionary computation.
Finaly, designed a generic service selection algorithm for our workflow system. The theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm can satisfy the application requirements in terms of both time complexity and operation speed. Our algorithm can be even more effective in comparison with some existing solutions to service selection. The practical operations show that the proposed model can be very suitable and effective to real application systems and the model can be further improved.
The proposed model can be helpful and constructive to various real application systems.
本文在分析国内外服务工作流发展方向及应用状况的基础上,重点研究了一种面向普适的、大众化服务工作流技术。有别于传统的属于某一组织内部(如集团、行业)的工作流技术。本文针对客户感知的工作流服务质量为优化控制目标,基于与客户交互中形成的关系为基础,研究了在普适服务计算中服务工作流的优化控制技术。提出一种基于客户关系的服务工作流优化模型,在此基础上提出了相应的优化控制算法与策略。具体来说,论文主要进行了如下方面的工作:
首先提出了一种基于客户关系的服务工作流模型。模型较好地综合了服务工作流的特点。
然后以客户交互理论为基础,提出了一种基于客户交互关系的工作流路径选取算法。在算法中采用了D-S证据理论来指导用户的工作流路径选择。相对于传统的单纯从服务质量的指标上进行优化来说,更具有实际的指导作用。在增强虚拟服务池的信任关系进行了演化计算。
最后基于本文提出的服务工作流模型,提出了一种基于遗传算法的服务工作流候选服务的算法。经过实验与理论证明,本文提出的算法在计算复杂度与速度上能够满足实际的需要,相对于一些传统的服务选取算法,实验结果表明本文提出的模型具有一定优势,同时在许多方面还值得进一步研究。
本文的研究成果对推动服务工作流的研究具有借鉴意义。
The service-oriented computing paradigm has been widely used in recent years. The popular paradigm has also facilitated the development of service-oriented workflow techniques, which is considered to be the future trend of workflow.
In the existing workflow systems, the traditional workflow techniques just serve a specific industrial area, company, and factory. Thus, the processing flow in such systems is stable. The paper proposes a novel workflow system, which provides graphical user interfaces to users to interact with user and optimize the quality of services based on the users' requirements. According to the workflow of an optimized customer relationship management model, we design and implement the corresponding to optimal controlling strategies and algorithms in our workflow system. Our workflow system has been successfully deployed in a telecommunication company and the operations in the company demonstrate the effectiveness of our system. More specifically, the major contributions of our work are as follows.
Firstly, the workflow model for customer relationship management, which takes the advantages of service-oriented techniques to provide effective services have been propsed.
The second an algorithm for workflow path selection based on the theory of human-machine interaction has been propsed. In our algorithm, the D-S theory has been used to perform path selection. Compared with the metrics of quality of services, our algorithm using user awareness can be practical and feasible. Inorder to enhance thevirtual services pool's trust relationship, we proceed the evolutionary computation.
Finaly, designed a generic service selection algorithm for our workflow system. The theoretical analysis and experimental evaluation shows that the proposed algorithm can satisfy the application requirements in terms of both time complexity and operation speed. Our algorithm can be even more effective in comparison with some existing solutions to service selection. The practical operations show that the proposed model can be very suitable and effective to real application systems and the model can be further improved.
The proposed model can be helpful and constructive to various real application systems.
引文
[1]岳昆,王晓玲,周傲英.Web服务核心支撑技术:研究综述.软件学报,2004,15(3),428-442.
[2]Tsalgatidou A.,Pilioura T..An overview of standards and relate Technology in web services.Distributed and Parallel Databases,2002,12(2-3):135-162.
[3]飞思科技产品研发中心.Java Web服务应用开发详解.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.190-196.
[4]胡建强,邹鹏,王怀民,周斌.Web服务描述语言QWSDL和服务匹配模型研究.计算机学报,2005,28(4),505-513.
[5]Krishnan S.,Wagstrom P.,Von Laszewski G..GSFL:A workflow framework for grid services.ANL/MCS-P980-0802,Argonne,2002.
[6]http://www.gridforum.org/.
[7]Hugh H.P..Grid Workflow.Global Grid Forum,2001.
[8]Marinescu D.C..A Grid workflow management architecture.GGF white paper.
[9]Ian F.,Kesselman C.,Nick J.,et al.The Physiology of the Grid:An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Intergration.Open Grid Service Infrastructure WG,Global Grid Forum.2002.
[10]Hugh P.,Bivens M.,Judy I..GALE:grid access language for HPC environments.http://sass3186.sandia.gov/hpbiven,2002.
[11]Deelman E.,Blythe J.,Gil Y.,et al.Workflow management in GriPhyN.In:The grid resource management.London:Kluwer Publishing,2003,99-116.
[12]Deehnan E.,Blythe J.,Gil Y.,et al.Mapping abstract complex workflows onto grid environments.Journal of Grid Computing,2003,4(1):25-29.
[13]Yolanda G.,Ewa D.,Jim B.,et al.Artificial Intelligence and Grids:workflow planning and beyond,IEEE Intelligent Systems,Jan,2004.
[14]Laszewski G.,Zaluzec N.,Hategan M.,et al.GridAnt:Client side workflow management in Grids.Proceeding of Midwest software engineering conference.Chicago,2003,87-95.
[15]Graham G.E.,Evans D.,Bertram I..McRunjob:A high energy physics workflow planner for grid.Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics.March 2003,La Jolla,California.
[16]Cao J.,Jarcis A.,Saini S.,et al.GridFlow:Workflow management for grid computing.In:Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid,Tokyo,2003,198-205.
[17]马晓星,余萍,陶先平,吕建.一种面向服务的动态协同架构及其支撑平台.计算机学报,2005,28(5):467-477.
[18]任志宏,李京,金蓓弘等.基于Internet工作流的复合Web服务框架.计算机研究与发展,2003,40(7),1081-1088.
[19]刘书雷,刘云翔,张帆等.一种服务聚合中QoS全局最优服务动态选择算法.软件学报,2007,18(3):646-656.
[20]王勇,胡春明,杜宗霞.服务质量感知的网格工作流调度.软件学报,2006,17(11):2341-2351.
[21]Workflow Management Coalition.The Workflow Reference Model[R].WFMCTC00-1003,1995,115-129..
[22]Shmueli O..Architectures for internal Web services deployment.In:Apers P,ed.Proc.of the 27th Int'l Conf.on Very Large DataBases.Roma:Morgan Kaufman n Publishers,2001.641-644.
[23]范玉顺,吴澄.工作流管理技术研究与产品现状及发展趋势.计算机集成制造系统,2000,6(1),1-7.
[24]张涛,战洪飞,孙静等.基于Web的企业工作流管理系统的研究[J].计算机应用研究,2002,(5):130-133.
[25]汪涛,吴耿锋,黄力芹.工作流管理的现状和未来趋势.小型计算机系统,2001,22(2):232-235.
[26]W3C Web Services Activity.http://www.w3.org/2002/ws/.
[27]Zhang S H.,Gu N..Research on workflow of virtual organization.In:8th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design.XiaMen,China,2003,17-20.
[28]Curbera F.,Khalaf R.,Mukhi N.,et al.The next step in Web services.Communications of the ACM,2003,46(10):29-34.
[29]Bruni R.,Montanari U..Transactions and zero-safe nets.Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2128,2001,380-426.
[30]Butler M.,Ferreira C..An operational semantics for StAC,a language for modelling long-running business transactions.Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2949,2004,87-104.
[31]Lein M K..XML,RDF,and relatives.IEEE Internet Computing,2001,6(2):26-28.
[32]丁箐,陈国良等.计算网格环境下一个统一的资源映射策略.软件学报, 2002,13(3):103-108.
[33]BPMI Proposed Recommendation.Business Process Modeling Language.http://www.bpmi.org,2003.
[34]Meng J.,Su S.,Lam H.,et al.Achieving dynamic inter-organizational workflow Mmanagement by integrating business processes,events,and rules.Proceeding of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,Hawaii,USA,January 2002.
[35]Li Y.,Li M.L..A workflow services middleware model on Shanghai grid.Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing (SCC'04),2004,366-371.
[36]Berman F.,Fox G.,Hey T..Grid computing.In:Making the Global Infrastructure a Reality.Wiley,2003.187-193.
[37]Kumar A.,Zhao J.L..Dynamic routing and operational controls in workflow management systems[J].Management Science,February 1999;45(2),253-272.
[38]Bivens H P.,Beiriger J..GALE:Grid Access Language for HPC Environments.http://sass 186.sandia.gov/hpbiven,2002.
[39]Deelman E.,Blythe J.,Kesselman C.,et al.Pegasus:Planning for execution in grids.GriPhyN Technical Report 2002-20.http://www.isi.edu/deelman/PegasuS /Pegasus overview.pdf.
[40]Deelman E.,Blythe J.,Kesselman C.,et al.Pegasus:Mapping scientific workflows onto the grid.In:Proceedings of the 2nd Eurpean Across Grids Conference,Nicosia,Cyprus,2004.
[41]Graham G.E.,Evans D.,Bertram I..McRunjob:a high energy physics workflow planner for grid.Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics,La Jolla,USA,2003.
[42]Ludaacher B.,Altintas I.,Gupta A.Compiling abstract scientific workflows into Web Service workflows,In:Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management(SSDBM),Boston,Massachussets,2003,251-255.
[43]曹健,李明禄,张申生.基于多Agent协商的服务流程定制.计算机学报,2006,29(7):1116-1126.
[44]刘洋,桂小林,徐玉文.网格工作流中基于优先级的调度方法研究.西安交通大学学报,2005,40(6),411-415.
[45]Lazcano A.,Alonso G.,Schuldt H..The WISE approach to electronic commerce, International Journal of Computer Systems Science & Engineering,special issue on Flexible Workflow Technology Driving the Networked Economy,2000,15(5).122-130.
[46]Grafen P.,Aberer K.,Hoffner Y.,Ludwig H..Cross-Flow:Cross-organizational work-flow management in dynamic virtual enterprises.International Journal of Computer Systems Science & Engineering,September 2000,15(5),277-290.
[47]Meng J.,Su S.,Lam H.,et al.Achieving dynamic inter-organizational workflow management by integrating business processes,events,and rules.Proceeding of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,Hawaii,USA,January 2002.
[48]Meng J.,Su S.,Lam H.,et al.Flexible inter-enterprise workflow management using E-services,Proceeding of the 4th IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Issues of E-Commerce and Web-Based Information System,2002.
[49]Casati F.,Sayal M.,Shan M.C..Developing E-services for composing e services.In:Proc of the 13th International Conf on Advanced Information Systems Engineering(CAiSE).Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2001.
[50]Casati F.,Ilnicki S.,Jin L.J.,Krishnamoorthy V..eFlow:A platform for developing and managing composition e-services.Technical Report,HPL-2000-36,HP Labora-tories Palo Alto,2002.
[51]Oriens B.,Yang J.,et al..ServiceCom:a tool for service composition reuse and specialization.Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering(WISE'03),2003,10-13.
[52]Deng S.G.,Yu Z.,Wu Z.h.,et al.Enhancement of workflow flexibility by composing activities at run-time.SAC.04,Nicosia,Cyprus,2004.
[53]王月龙,王文俊等.一个基于元数据导航的服务工作流装配模型.计算机学报,2006,29(7):1105-1115.
[54]UDDI.org.UDDIspecTC,Version3.0.2,2004.http://www.uddi.org/pubs/uddi.
[55]BPEL4WS.http://www.bpmi.org,2003.
[56]OWL Web Ontology Language for Services(OWL-S).http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/07,2004-11-02.
[57]Dempster A.P..Upper and lower probability induced by a multi-valued mapping.Annals Mathematical Statistics,1967,38(2):325-339.
[58]Sentz K..Combination of evidence in dempster-shafer theory.Sandia National Laboratories:Technical report:SAND2002-0835,2002.
[59]Gu X.H.,Nahrstedt K.,Rong N.C.,et al.QoS-assured service composition in managed service overlay networks.Proceedings of 23 rd IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems(ICDCS 2003).Providence,Rhode Island:IEEE,2003.194-201.
[60]Li K.,He Y.,Liu X..Security-driven scheduling algorithms based on eigentrust in grid.In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Parallel and Distributed Computing Applications and Technologies,Denver,USA,2005,1068-1072.
[61]Cardoso J.,Sheth A.,Miller J..Quality of service for workflows and Web service processed.Journal of Web Semantic,2004,13:281-308.
[62]Jia Y.,Rajkumar B.,Chen K.T..QoS-based scheduling of workflow applications on service grids.In:Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing,Melbourne,Australia,2005,1-9.
[63]朱峻茂,杨寿保,樊建平.Grid与P2P混合计算环境下基于推荐证据推理的信任模型.2005,42(5):797-803.
[64]Papazoglou M P.,Georglos D.Service-oriented computing.Communications of the ACM,2003,46(10):25-65.
[65]丁柯,魏峻,冯玉琳.基于混合粒度冲突检测的事务工作流调度算法.软件学报,2003,14(3),369-375.
[2]Tsalgatidou A.,Pilioura T..An overview of standards and relate Technology in web services.Distributed and Parallel Databases,2002,12(2-3):135-162.
[3]飞思科技产品研发中心.Java Web服务应用开发详解.北京:电子工业出版社,2002.190-196.
[4]胡建强,邹鹏,王怀民,周斌.Web服务描述语言QWSDL和服务匹配模型研究.计算机学报,2005,28(4),505-513.
[5]Krishnan S.,Wagstrom P.,Von Laszewski G..GSFL:A workflow framework for grid services.ANL/MCS-P980-0802,Argonne,2002.
[6]http://www.gridforum.org/.
[7]Hugh H.P..Grid Workflow.Global Grid Forum,2001.
[8]Marinescu D.C..A Grid workflow management architecture.GGF white paper.
[9]Ian F.,Kesselman C.,Nick J.,et al.The Physiology of the Grid:An Open Grid Services Architecture for Distributed Systems Intergration.Open Grid Service Infrastructure WG,Global Grid Forum.2002.
[10]Hugh P.,Bivens M.,Judy I..GALE:grid access language for HPC environments.http://sass3186.sandia.gov/hpbiven,2002.
[11]Deelman E.,Blythe J.,Gil Y.,et al.Workflow management in GriPhyN.In:The grid resource management.London:Kluwer Publishing,2003,99-116.
[12]Deehnan E.,Blythe J.,Gil Y.,et al.Mapping abstract complex workflows onto grid environments.Journal of Grid Computing,2003,4(1):25-29.
[13]Yolanda G.,Ewa D.,Jim B.,et al.Artificial Intelligence and Grids:workflow planning and beyond,IEEE Intelligent Systems,Jan,2004.
[14]Laszewski G.,Zaluzec N.,Hategan M.,et al.GridAnt:Client side workflow management in Grids.Proceeding of Midwest software engineering conference.Chicago,2003,87-95.
[15]Graham G.E.,Evans D.,Bertram I..McRunjob:A high energy physics workflow planner for grid.Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics.March 2003,La Jolla,California.
[16]Cao J.,Jarcis A.,Saini S.,et al.GridFlow:Workflow management for grid computing.In:Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster Computing and the Grid,Tokyo,2003,198-205.
[17]马晓星,余萍,陶先平,吕建.一种面向服务的动态协同架构及其支撑平台.计算机学报,2005,28(5):467-477.
[18]任志宏,李京,金蓓弘等.基于Internet工作流的复合Web服务框架.计算机研究与发展,2003,40(7),1081-1088.
[19]刘书雷,刘云翔,张帆等.一种服务聚合中QoS全局最优服务动态选择算法.软件学报,2007,18(3):646-656.
[20]王勇,胡春明,杜宗霞.服务质量感知的网格工作流调度.软件学报,2006,17(11):2341-2351.
[21]Workflow Management Coalition.The Workflow Reference Model[R].WFMCTC00-1003,1995,115-129..
[22]Shmueli O..Architectures for internal Web services deployment.In:Apers P,ed.Proc.of the 27th Int'l Conf.on Very Large DataBases.Roma:Morgan Kaufman n Publishers,2001.641-644.
[23]范玉顺,吴澄.工作流管理技术研究与产品现状及发展趋势.计算机集成制造系统,2000,6(1),1-7.
[24]张涛,战洪飞,孙静等.基于Web的企业工作流管理系统的研究[J].计算机应用研究,2002,(5):130-133.
[25]汪涛,吴耿锋,黄力芹.工作流管理的现状和未来趋势.小型计算机系统,2001,22(2):232-235.
[26]W3C Web Services Activity.http://www.w3.org/2002/ws/.
[27]Zhang S H.,Gu N..Research on workflow of virtual organization.In:8th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design.XiaMen,China,2003,17-20.
[28]Curbera F.,Khalaf R.,Mukhi N.,et al.The next step in Web services.Communications of the ACM,2003,46(10):29-34.
[29]Bruni R.,Montanari U..Transactions and zero-safe nets.Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2128,2001,380-426.
[30]Butler M.,Ferreira C..An operational semantics for StAC,a language for modelling long-running business transactions.Lecture Notes in Computer Science 2949,2004,87-104.
[31]Lein M K..XML,RDF,and relatives.IEEE Internet Computing,2001,6(2):26-28.
[32]丁箐,陈国良等.计算网格环境下一个统一的资源映射策略.软件学报, 2002,13(3):103-108.
[33]BPMI Proposed Recommendation.Business Process Modeling Language.http://www.bpmi.org,2003.
[34]Meng J.,Su S.,Lam H.,et al.Achieving dynamic inter-organizational workflow Mmanagement by integrating business processes,events,and rules.Proceeding of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,Hawaii,USA,January 2002.
[35]Li Y.,Li M.L..A workflow services middleware model on Shanghai grid.Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Services Computing (SCC'04),2004,366-371.
[36]Berman F.,Fox G.,Hey T..Grid computing.In:Making the Global Infrastructure a Reality.Wiley,2003.187-193.
[37]Kumar A.,Zhao J.L..Dynamic routing and operational controls in workflow management systems[J].Management Science,February 1999;45(2),253-272.
[38]Bivens H P.,Beiriger J..GALE:Grid Access Language for HPC Environments.http://sass 186.sandia.gov/hpbiven,2002.
[39]Deelman E.,Blythe J.,Kesselman C.,et al.Pegasus:Planning for execution in grids.GriPhyN Technical Report 2002-20.http://www.isi.edu/deelman/PegasuS /Pegasus overview.pdf.
[40]Deelman E.,Blythe J.,Kesselman C.,et al.Pegasus:Mapping scientific workflows onto the grid.In:Proceedings of the 2nd Eurpean Across Grids Conference,Nicosia,Cyprus,2004.
[41]Graham G.E.,Evans D.,Bertram I..McRunjob:a high energy physics workflow planner for grid.Conference on Computing in High Energy and Nuclear Physics,La Jolla,USA,2003.
[42]Ludaacher B.,Altintas I.,Gupta A.Compiling abstract scientific workflows into Web Service workflows,In:Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Scientific and Statistical Database Management(SSDBM),Boston,Massachussets,2003,251-255.
[43]曹健,李明禄,张申生.基于多Agent协商的服务流程定制.计算机学报,2006,29(7):1116-1126.
[44]刘洋,桂小林,徐玉文.网格工作流中基于优先级的调度方法研究.西安交通大学学报,2005,40(6),411-415.
[45]Lazcano A.,Alonso G.,Schuldt H..The WISE approach to electronic commerce, International Journal of Computer Systems Science & Engineering,special issue on Flexible Workflow Technology Driving the Networked Economy,2000,15(5).122-130.
[46]Grafen P.,Aberer K.,Hoffner Y.,Ludwig H..Cross-Flow:Cross-organizational work-flow management in dynamic virtual enterprises.International Journal of Computer Systems Science & Engineering,September 2000,15(5),277-290.
[47]Meng J.,Su S.,Lam H.,et al.Achieving dynamic inter-organizational workflow management by integrating business processes,events,and rules.Proceeding of the 35th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences,Hawaii,USA,January 2002.
[48]Meng J.,Su S.,Lam H.,et al.Flexible inter-enterprise workflow management using E-services,Proceeding of the 4th IEEE International Workshop on Advanced Issues of E-Commerce and Web-Based Information System,2002.
[49]Casati F.,Sayal M.,Shan M.C..Developing E-services for composing e services.In:Proc of the 13th International Conf on Advanced Information Systems Engineering(CAiSE).Berlin:Springer-Verlag,2001.
[50]Casati F.,Ilnicki S.,Jin L.J.,Krishnamoorthy V..eFlow:A platform for developing and managing composition e-services.Technical Report,HPL-2000-36,HP Labora-tories Palo Alto,2002.
[51]Oriens B.,Yang J.,et al..ServiceCom:a tool for service composition reuse and specialization.Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Web Information Systems Engineering(WISE'03),2003,10-13.
[52]Deng S.G.,Yu Z.,Wu Z.h.,et al.Enhancement of workflow flexibility by composing activities at run-time.SAC.04,Nicosia,Cyprus,2004.
[53]王月龙,王文俊等.一个基于元数据导航的服务工作流装配模型.计算机学报,2006,29(7):1105-1115.
[54]UDDI.org.UDDIspecTC,Version3.0.2,2004.http://www.uddi.org/pubs/uddi.
[55]BPEL4WS.http://www.bpmi.org,2003.
[56]OWL Web Ontology Language for Services(OWL-S).http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/07,2004-11-02.
[57]Dempster A.P..Upper and lower probability induced by a multi-valued mapping.Annals Mathematical Statistics,1967,38(2):325-339.
[58]Sentz K..Combination of evidence in dempster-shafer theory.Sandia National Laboratories:Technical report:SAND2002-0835,2002.
[59]Gu X.H.,Nahrstedt K.,Rong N.C.,et al.QoS-assured service composition in managed service overlay networks.Proceedings of 23 rd IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems(ICDCS 2003).Providence,Rhode Island:IEEE,2003.194-201.
[60]Li K.,He Y.,Liu X..Security-driven scheduling algorithms based on eigentrust in grid.In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference of Parallel and Distributed Computing Applications and Technologies,Denver,USA,2005,1068-1072.
[61]Cardoso J.,Sheth A.,Miller J..Quality of service for workflows and Web service processed.Journal of Web Semantic,2004,13:281-308.
[62]Jia Y.,Rajkumar B.,Chen K.T..QoS-based scheduling of workflow applications on service grids.In:Proceedings of the 1st IEEE International Conference on e-Science and Grid Computing,Melbourne,Australia,2005,1-9.
[63]朱峻茂,杨寿保,樊建平.Grid与P2P混合计算环境下基于推荐证据推理的信任模型.2005,42(5):797-803.
[64]Papazoglou M P.,Georglos D.Service-oriented computing.Communications of the ACM,2003,46(10):25-65.
[65]丁柯,魏峻,冯玉琳.基于混合粒度冲突检测的事务工作流调度算法.软件学报,2003,14(3),369-375.