嵌入式光纤布拉格光栅解调系统的研究与实现
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摘要
光纤布拉格光栅具有抗电磁干扰能力强,稳定性好,测量现场不带电,测量范围广,易于组成传感网络等特点,现已被广泛应用于建筑、桥梁、医疗和电力等各个领域。但是,光纤布拉格光栅的波长解调技术仍然是其进一步发展的主要障碍,是光纤光栅传感领域的最大的难点之一。
通过深入调研光纤光栅的国内外研究现状,把握当前光纤光栅的发展趋势,明确了研究的方向。首先,采用耦合模理论系统分析了布拉格光栅温度及应变的敏感特性。其次,比较了几种布拉格光栅的波长解调方法,选择可调谐法布里一珀罗腔滤波法作为系统波长解调的方案,并设计了光路。在信号处理系统中,设计的FFP-TF控制电路,可对FFP-TF无失真的精准控制;设计的高精度光电检测电路,可实现nW级的光功率检测;设计的波长解调算法,可实现系统的同步。最后,采用嵌入式系统作为布拉格光栅波长解调的系统平台。通过比较最终选择STM32平台。使用VC++编写了上位机监控软件,用于显示监控界面。另外,为了适应便携式的需要,还设计了基于LCD触摸显示屏的手持式波长解调系统。
实验表明,系统的测温精度为1℃,响应时间1 s以内,运行稳定、可靠、可扩展性强,可以满足实际工程测量的需要。
Fiber Bragg Grating with the characteristic of anti-electromagnetic interference, good stability, measurement site without electricity, wide measurement range, easy to form sensor networks, has been widely used in buildings, bridges, health care and Power sector and other fields. However, the fiber Bragg grating wavelength demodulation technology is still the main obstacle for its further development. It is one of the largest difficulties in the field of fiber grating sensor.
Through in-depth investigating of current research status of fiber grating, and grasp the current trends, we have a clear direction of the study. Firstly, by using coupled mode theory, we analyze the sensitivity of the Bragg grating in temperature and strain. Secondly, in this paper we analyze several Bragg grating wavelength demodulation method, we have selected the fiber Fabry-Perot tunable wavelength demodulation filter program as the system solution and designed the optical system. In terms of signal processing systems, we design a FFP-TF controller, which can control FFP-TF accurately without distortion. We have designed high-precision photo detector that can be realized nw-level optical power detection. We design a complete wavelength demodulation synchronization algorithm which can achieve system synchronization. Finally, we use an embedded system as a Bragg grating wavelength demodulation system platform. STM32 system platform was determined by comparing the different platforms. We design a monitoring software for the Bragg grating wavelength demodulation to show results based on VC++. In order to meet portable needs, a handheld wavelength demodulation system is designed based on LCD touch-screen.
The experiments result show that the FBG demodulation system with accuracy of 1℃in temperature measurement, the response time less than 1s, the system is stable, reliable, scalable, can meet the needs of the engineering measurements.
通过深入调研光纤光栅的国内外研究现状,把握当前光纤光栅的发展趋势,明确了研究的方向。首先,采用耦合模理论系统分析了布拉格光栅温度及应变的敏感特性。其次,比较了几种布拉格光栅的波长解调方法,选择可调谐法布里一珀罗腔滤波法作为系统波长解调的方案,并设计了光路。在信号处理系统中,设计的FFP-TF控制电路,可对FFP-TF无失真的精准控制;设计的高精度光电检测电路,可实现nW级的光功率检测;设计的波长解调算法,可实现系统的同步。最后,采用嵌入式系统作为布拉格光栅波长解调的系统平台。通过比较最终选择STM32平台。使用VC++编写了上位机监控软件,用于显示监控界面。另外,为了适应便携式的需要,还设计了基于LCD触摸显示屏的手持式波长解调系统。
实验表明,系统的测温精度为1℃,响应时间1 s以内,运行稳定、可靠、可扩展性强,可以满足实际工程测量的需要。
Fiber Bragg Grating with the characteristic of anti-electromagnetic interference, good stability, measurement site without electricity, wide measurement range, easy to form sensor networks, has been widely used in buildings, bridges, health care and Power sector and other fields. However, the fiber Bragg grating wavelength demodulation technology is still the main obstacle for its further development. It is one of the largest difficulties in the field of fiber grating sensor.
Through in-depth investigating of current research status of fiber grating, and grasp the current trends, we have a clear direction of the study. Firstly, by using coupled mode theory, we analyze the sensitivity of the Bragg grating in temperature and strain. Secondly, in this paper we analyze several Bragg grating wavelength demodulation method, we have selected the fiber Fabry-Perot tunable wavelength demodulation filter program as the system solution and designed the optical system. In terms of signal processing systems, we design a FFP-TF controller, which can control FFP-TF accurately without distortion. We have designed high-precision photo detector that can be realized nw-level optical power detection. We design a complete wavelength demodulation synchronization algorithm which can achieve system synchronization. Finally, we use an embedded system as a Bragg grating wavelength demodulation system platform. STM32 system platform was determined by comparing the different platforms. We design a monitoring software for the Bragg grating wavelength demodulation to show results based on VC++. In order to meet portable needs, a handheld wavelength demodulation system is designed based on LCD touch-screen.
The experiments result show that the FBG demodulation system with accuracy of 1℃in temperature measurement, the response time less than 1s, the system is stable, reliable, scalable, can meet the needs of the engineering measurements.
引文
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15 Y. Shinoda, J. Sanada. Fundamental Experiment of Wavelength-shift Detection for Strain Measurement Using Fiber Bragg Grating. SICE, 2004,2:1583-1588
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2 G. Meltz. W.W.Morey and H.Glenn. Formation of Bragg grating in optical fibers by a transverse holographic method. Opt.Lett 1989. 14: 823~825
3 K.O.Hill, B.Malo, F.Biolodeau, etal. Bragg grating fabricated in monomode photosensitive optical fiber by UV exposure through a phase mask. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1993, 62: 1035~1037
4郭团,乔学光,贾振安.光纤光栅传感技术及其在石油工业中的应用.测试技术学报, 2004,18(3):208-213
5赵雪峰,田石柱,周智.刚片封装光纤光栅监测混凝土应变实验研究.光电子·激光, 2003,14(2):171-174
6刘长卫,赵勇,胡开博等.基于光纤光栅传感器的结构故障定位方法.光电工程, 2007, 34(2):136-139
7 Jincheng Pei, Xichun Yang, Yage Zhan, et al. On a fiber grating sensor systerm with the capacity of cross-sensitivity discrimination. International Journal for Light and Electron Optics, 2008,119(12):565-570
8 K. O. Hill, G. Meltz. Fiber Bragg Grating Teehnology Fundamentals and Overview. J. Lightwave Teehnol. 1997,15(8):1263-1276
9 W.W. Morey, G. Meltz, W.H.Glenn. Fiber optic Bragg grating sensors. Proc. SPIE, 1990, 1169:98-107
10 Byoungho Lee. Review of the present status of optical fiber sensors. Optical Fiber Technology, 2003, 9(2):57-79
11 X. Bao, D. J. Webb, D. A. Jackson. 22-km Distributed Temperature Sensor Using Brillouin Gain in an Optical Fiber. Opt Lett, 1993,18(7):552-554
12 Y. J. Rao. Reeent Progress in Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors. Proe.SPIE, 1992, 3555:429-441
13姜德生,何伟.光纤光栅传感器的应用概况.光电子·激光, 2002,13(4):420-430
14 L. C. S. Nunes, L. C. G. Valente, A. M. B. Braga. Analysis of a demodulation system for Fiber Bragg Grating sensors using two fixed filters. Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2004, 42(5): 529-542
15 Y. Shinoda, J. Sanada. Fundamental Experiment of Wavelength-shift Detection for Strain Measurement Using Fiber Bragg Grating. SICE, 2004,2:1583-1588
16姜德生.专题报告—我国光纤传感器的发展与产业化.世界仪表与自动化,2002,6(1):8-10
17王庆亚,张健.紫外写入光纤光栅的进展.吉林大学学报, 1996,1(1):69~72
18陈根祥,葛磺.光纤的光敏性及光纤光栅紫外写入技术.电子学报,1997,25(8):73-77
19方祖捷,陈高庭.光纤Bragg光栅的特性及应用研究.高技术通讯,2000,10(l):56-61
20关柏鸥,董孝义.用一根光纤光栅实现温度与应变的同时测量.光学学报, 2000,20(6):821-826
21刘云启,郭转运.光纤光栅传感测量中的交叉敏感机制及其解决方案.电子·激光,1999,10(2):179-182
22哀薇.基于匹配光栅线性调谐的光纤光栅多路解调方法研究. [武汉理工大学硕士论文], 2003:9-17
23 KerseyAD. Progress towards the development of practical fibre Bragg grating in strumentation systems [A]. Proc. SPIE[C]. 1996,2839:40-63
24林均岫,彭伟.光纤布拉格光栅及其应用[J].光学技术,1999,(2): 50-53
25 G. P. Agrawal, A. H. Bobeck. Modeling of distributed feedback semiconductor lasers with axially-varying parameters[J]. Quantum Electron, 1988, 24:2407-2414
26 T. Erdogan. Fiber grating spectra[J]. Lightwave Technol. 1997,15(8):1277-1294
27赵勇.光纤光栅及其传感技术.北京:国防工业出版社, 2007:30-190
28卓峰,赵玉成,延凤平等.采用光纤光栅的温度和应力传感技术[J].光通信技术2002,24(2):134-137
29黄章勇.光纤光栅及其在光纤通信中的应用.飞通光电子技术.2001,1(4):181-189
30廖延彪.光纤光学.北京:清华大学出版社,2000: 131-136
31于建云.双光纤光栅电压传感器的研究. [燕山大学工学硕士论文], 2008:15-19
32范钦珊.材料力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2005:96-128
33胡勇勤.光纤光栅传感器的解调方法的研究[J].自动化与仪器仪表,2004,5:11-14
34王海宝.分布式光纤布拉格光栅电缆接头温度监测系统的研究. [燕山大学工学硕士论文], 2009:15-19
35 O. Fraz?o, R. Romero, G. Rego, P. V. S. Marques, H. M.Salgado, and J. L. Santos. Sampled fibre Bragg gratingsensors for simultaneous strain and temperature measure-ment, Electron. Lett. 2002,38, 693–695
36 K. S. Lee and T. Erdogan. Fibermode coupling in transmissive and re?ective tilted fiber gratings. Appl. Opt, vol. 39, pp. 1394-1404, 2000.
37贾宏志.光纤光栅传感器的理论和技术研究[D].中科院,2000: 1-53
38 L.A.Ferreira. Pseudoheterodyne Demodulation Technique for Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors Using Two Matched Gratings[J]. IEEE Photon technology Lett, 1997, 9(4):487-489
39 M.A.Davis and A.D.kersy. All-fiber Bragg grating strain-sensor demodulation technique using a wavelength division coupler. Electron. Lett. 1994,30(1):75-77
40 A.B.Lobo Riberro. L.A.Ferreira. M.tsvetkov and J.L.Santos. All-fiber interrogation technique for fiber Bragg sensors using a biconical fiber filter. Electron. Lett.1996,32(4):382-393
41余有龙,谭华耀,锤永康.基于干涉解调技术的光纤光栅传感系统.光学学报. 2001, 21(8):987-989
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