数字化环境噪声自动监测终端的研究
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摘要
城市环境噪声监测是环境监测系统的主要监测项目之一。目前,在我国大多数城市中,环境噪声监测采用一年监测若干频次和时段的手工监测方法,实时性和连续性差,很难及时发现突发性的噪声污染事故,不利于环保部门从宏观上掌握城市的总体环境污染水平。因此,环境噪声实时在线自动监测系统的开发成为环境监测部门亟待深入开展的工作。
数字环境噪声自动监测系统由设在监测点的数个全天候环境噪声监测终端、传输线路以及噪声数据管理中心组成,是传感技术、微机电技术与现代通信技术相结合的产物。本课题针对城市环境噪声自动监测的实际需求,将传统的模拟式声级计加以数字化改进,在TMS320C6713 DSP芯片中实现频率计权、时间计权与FFT频谱分析。以ARM9为主控芯片,对监测终端进行控制。实验表明,该监测终端可以很好的实现环境噪声实时在线自动监测的功能。
论文主要完成了以下工作:
针对环境噪声监测的实际需求进行分析,提出了数字环境噪声自动监测终端的整体设计方案,采用TMS320C6713 DSP芯片对声信号进行处理,ARM处理器S3C2440对系统进行控制。
完成DSP芯片最小系统板的PCB设计与调试。在DSP中实现声信号的频率计权、时间计权与FFT频谱分析。利用软件模拟异步时序,实现DSP中同步串口McBSP与ARM中异步串口UART的通信。
以S3C2440作为系统的主控芯片,控制SIM300模块,实现监测终端与数据中心的无线通信。控制CMOS摄像头,完成对现场突发事件的抓拍以及图像的JPEG压缩与图像数据的传输。
通过实验证明频率计权与时间计权均满足IEC61672-2002对于1级声级计的要求,整机精度可达0.1dB。系统具有良好的频谱分析功能,样机可以长时间稳定地向数据中心传输数据,满足环境噪声实时在线自动监测的要求。
The city environmental noise monitoring is one of the primary environmental monitoring projects. Currently, the environmental noise is monitored with manual monitoring methods in most cities of China. For its poor real time property and continuity, it is difficult for environmental protection departments to control the city's overall environmental degradation. Therefore, the development of environmental noise automatic monitoring system is an urgent job.
The digital environmental noise automatic monitoring system is composed of several noise monitoring terminals, the transmission connection and the noise data administering center, which combines the sensor technique , computer technique and the modern communication technique. This paper proposed a structure and realization scheme of the digital environmental noise automatic monitoring system which can satisfy the requirements of the city environmental noise monitoring. A robust, high accurate, real-time system using floating-point DSP (TMS320C6713) chip as core processor to finish frequency weighting, time weighting and FFT, and the high-performance S3C2440 single chip processor as data collection and port controller is presented.
The main jobs of this paper are as follows:
Firstly, according to the need of environmental noise automatic monitoring, a novel structure and realization scheme is proposed.The sound signal is processed in TMS320C6713 and the whole system is under the control of S3C2440.
Secondly, the design of the DSP circuit is completed. And the frequency weighting, time weighting and FFT are realized in DSP. A method using the multichannel buffered serial port McBSP to emulate software UART is provided.
Thirdly, the program design of the S3C2440 is completed. The noise data is transmitted through GPRS with SIM300. The CMOS camera can work well under the control of ARM. Image compression and transportation are completed.
Lastly, the experiment proved that the accuracy of frequency weighting and time weighting meets the IEC Standard IEC61672-2002 class I, and the system accuracy is up to 0.1dB. The system has good spectral analysis performance, and can work stably for long time, which meets the requirements of the environmental noise monitoring.
数字环境噪声自动监测系统由设在监测点的数个全天候环境噪声监测终端、传输线路以及噪声数据管理中心组成,是传感技术、微机电技术与现代通信技术相结合的产物。本课题针对城市环境噪声自动监测的实际需求,将传统的模拟式声级计加以数字化改进,在TMS320C6713 DSP芯片中实现频率计权、时间计权与FFT频谱分析。以ARM9为主控芯片,对监测终端进行控制。实验表明,该监测终端可以很好的实现环境噪声实时在线自动监测的功能。
论文主要完成了以下工作:
针对环境噪声监测的实际需求进行分析,提出了数字环境噪声自动监测终端的整体设计方案,采用TMS320C6713 DSP芯片对声信号进行处理,ARM处理器S3C2440对系统进行控制。
完成DSP芯片最小系统板的PCB设计与调试。在DSP中实现声信号的频率计权、时间计权与FFT频谱分析。利用软件模拟异步时序,实现DSP中同步串口McBSP与ARM中异步串口UART的通信。
以S3C2440作为系统的主控芯片,控制SIM300模块,实现监测终端与数据中心的无线通信。控制CMOS摄像头,完成对现场突发事件的抓拍以及图像的JPEG压缩与图像数据的传输。
通过实验证明频率计权与时间计权均满足IEC61672-2002对于1级声级计的要求,整机精度可达0.1dB。系统具有良好的频谱分析功能,样机可以长时间稳定地向数据中心传输数据,满足环境噪声实时在线自动监测的要求。
The city environmental noise monitoring is one of the primary environmental monitoring projects. Currently, the environmental noise is monitored with manual monitoring methods in most cities of China. For its poor real time property and continuity, it is difficult for environmental protection departments to control the city's overall environmental degradation. Therefore, the development of environmental noise automatic monitoring system is an urgent job.
The digital environmental noise automatic monitoring system is composed of several noise monitoring terminals, the transmission connection and the noise data administering center, which combines the sensor technique , computer technique and the modern communication technique. This paper proposed a structure and realization scheme of the digital environmental noise automatic monitoring system which can satisfy the requirements of the city environmental noise monitoring. A robust, high accurate, real-time system using floating-point DSP (TMS320C6713) chip as core processor to finish frequency weighting, time weighting and FFT, and the high-performance S3C2440 single chip processor as data collection and port controller is presented.
The main jobs of this paper are as follows:
Firstly, according to the need of environmental noise automatic monitoring, a novel structure and realization scheme is proposed.The sound signal is processed in TMS320C6713 and the whole system is under the control of S3C2440.
Secondly, the design of the DSP circuit is completed. And the frequency weighting, time weighting and FFT are realized in DSP. A method using the multichannel buffered serial port McBSP to emulate software UART is provided.
Thirdly, the program design of the S3C2440 is completed. The noise data is transmitted through GPRS with SIM300. The CMOS camera can work well under the control of ARM. Image compression and transportation are completed.
Lastly, the experiment proved that the accuracy of frequency weighting and time weighting meets the IEC Standard IEC61672-2002 class I, and the system accuracy is up to 0.1dB. The system has good spectral analysis performance, and can work stably for long time, which meets the requirements of the environmental noise monitoring.
引文
[1].李华等,环境噪声在线自动监测系统,环境科学与管理,2005,30(4):101~102
[2].张绍栋,熊文波,噪声和振动测量技术,杭州爱华仪器有限公司,2005
[3].王犇,数字式声级计引擎设计及研究:[硕士学位论文],杭州:浙江大学,2006
[4].万本太等.中国环境监测技术路线研究[M].湖南科学技术出版社.2003
[5].金晖,何洁,钟晴红,张泳,张高燕,频率计权的数字化,电子工程师,2005,Vol.31(1):11~12
[6].武前军,基于GPRS技术的数字化环境噪声监测终端的研究与设计:[硕士学位论文],合肥:合肥工业大学,2006
[7].陈剑林,白滢,牛锋,何龙标,帅正萍,声级计的频率计权特性,计量技术,2008,Vol.6:47~50
[8].李慧贞,基于EDA和MATLAB的滤波器设计及优化研究:[硕士学位论文],陕西:陕西科技大学,2005
[9]. IEC61672, "ELECTROACOUSTICS - SOUND LEVEL METERS”,2002
[10].金晖,何洁,时间计权的数字实现,计算机技术与自动化,2005,Vol.24(4):361~363
[11].郑君里,应启珩,杨为理,信号与系统,北京:高等教育出版社,1981.136~146
[12].李方慧,王飞,何佩琨,TMS320C6000系列DSPs原理与应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2005.4~8
[13].赵胜凯,邱宽民,DSP的发展及定点、浮点处理方法的比较,北方交通大学学报,2000,Vol.24(5):82~85
[14].邓明毅,雷达信号参数估计算法的DSP实现研究:[硕士学位论文],杭州,浙江大学,2006
[15]. Texas Instruments,TMS320C6713B FLOATING-POINT DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS,2005
[16].余浩,詹志强,武威等,Protel 98详解,北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[17]. SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS,S3C2440A 32-BIT RISC MICROPROCESSOR APPLICATION NOTES,2004
[18]. CIRRUS LOGIC,24-Bit, 192 kHz Stereo Audio CODEC,2005
[19]. SIMCOM Ltd.,SIM300EVB User Guide,2005
[20].任海,马雪洁,TMS320C6000与UART的通信,电子产品世界,2002,Vol.02(B):39~42
[21].王晓剑,潘顺良,沈为群,宋子善,TMS320DM642中利用McBSP与EDMA实现UART,电子测量技术,Vol.31(2):103~105
[22].彭启琮,管庆,DSP集成开发环境,北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[23]. Texas Instruments,Code Composer Studio User's Guide, 2000
[24]. Texas Instruments,TMS320C6000 Peripherals Reference Guide,2001
[25].吴镇扬,数字信号处理,北京:高等教育出版社,2004:173~180
[26]. Texas Instruments,TMS320C67x DSP Library Programmer’s Reference Guide
[27]. SIMCOM Ltd.,SIM300 AT Command Set Software Specification,2007
[28].邱磊,JPEG算法研究及实现,计算机时代,2009,Vol.9:52~53
[29].程路,郑毅,向先波,Protel 99SE多层电路板设计与制作,北京:人民邮电出版社,2007:163~198
[30].陈剑林,帅正萍,白滢,郑晓嫒,牛锋,声级计的时间计权特性,计量技术,2007,Vol.7:44~46
[31].王东,声级计示值误差测量结果不确定度评定,上海计量测试,2009,Vol.36(5):37~38
[2].张绍栋,熊文波,噪声和振动测量技术,杭州爱华仪器有限公司,2005
[3].王犇,数字式声级计引擎设计及研究:[硕士学位论文],杭州:浙江大学,2006
[4].万本太等.中国环境监测技术路线研究[M].湖南科学技术出版社.2003
[5].金晖,何洁,钟晴红,张泳,张高燕,频率计权的数字化,电子工程师,2005,Vol.31(1):11~12
[6].武前军,基于GPRS技术的数字化环境噪声监测终端的研究与设计:[硕士学位论文],合肥:合肥工业大学,2006
[7].陈剑林,白滢,牛锋,何龙标,帅正萍,声级计的频率计权特性,计量技术,2008,Vol.6:47~50
[8].李慧贞,基于EDA和MATLAB的滤波器设计及优化研究:[硕士学位论文],陕西:陕西科技大学,2005
[9]. IEC61672, "ELECTROACOUSTICS - SOUND LEVEL METERS”,2002
[10].金晖,何洁,时间计权的数字实现,计算机技术与自动化,2005,Vol.24(4):361~363
[11].郑君里,应启珩,杨为理,信号与系统,北京:高等教育出版社,1981.136~146
[12].李方慧,王飞,何佩琨,TMS320C6000系列DSPs原理与应用,北京:电子工业出版社,2005.4~8
[13].赵胜凯,邱宽民,DSP的发展及定点、浮点处理方法的比较,北方交通大学学报,2000,Vol.24(5):82~85
[14].邓明毅,雷达信号参数估计算法的DSP实现研究:[硕士学位论文],杭州,浙江大学,2006
[15]. Texas Instruments,TMS320C6713B FLOATING-POINT DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSORS,2005
[16].余浩,詹志强,武威等,Protel 98详解,北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[17]. SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS,S3C2440A 32-BIT RISC MICROPROCESSOR APPLICATION NOTES,2004
[18]. CIRRUS LOGIC,24-Bit, 192 kHz Stereo Audio CODEC,2005
[19]. SIMCOM Ltd.,SIM300EVB User Guide,2005
[20].任海,马雪洁,TMS320C6000与UART的通信,电子产品世界,2002,Vol.02(B):39~42
[21].王晓剑,潘顺良,沈为群,宋子善,TMS320DM642中利用McBSP与EDMA实现UART,电子测量技术,Vol.31(2):103~105
[22].彭启琮,管庆,DSP集成开发环境,北京:电子工业出版社,2005
[23]. Texas Instruments,Code Composer Studio User's Guide, 2000
[24]. Texas Instruments,TMS320C6000 Peripherals Reference Guide,2001
[25].吴镇扬,数字信号处理,北京:高等教育出版社,2004:173~180
[26]. Texas Instruments,TMS320C67x DSP Library Programmer’s Reference Guide
[27]. SIMCOM Ltd.,SIM300 AT Command Set Software Specification,2007
[28].邱磊,JPEG算法研究及实现,计算机时代,2009,Vol.9:52~53
[29].程路,郑毅,向先波,Protel 99SE多层电路板设计与制作,北京:人民邮电出版社,2007:163~198
[30].陈剑林,帅正萍,白滢,郑晓嫒,牛锋,声级计的时间计权特性,计量技术,2007,Vol.7:44~46
[31].王东,声级计示值误差测量结果不确定度评定,上海计量测试,2009,Vol.36(5):37~38