青川县马鹿乡老鹰岩地质灾害危险性评价及治理工程设计
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摘要
滑坡是一种多发性的地质灾害,在全球范围内分布广泛,危害极为严重。它不仅给人民生命安全带来了威胁,而且对财产、环境、资源等具有破坏性。我国是一个滑坡灾害多发的国家,因此加强滑坡灾害的研究和防治减灾工作迫在眉睫。青川县马鹿乡老鹰岩1#滑坡是基岩山区发育的土质滑坡,滑坡具有三级滑面。滑坡局部发生了变形滑移,威胁着附近居民安全和道路的畅通。本文在综合现场详细地质测绘、勘探和前人研究成果基础上,对老鹰岩1#滑坡堆积体特征、成因及机理作了详细分析。从其生成的地质环境和变形特征分析入手,论述了滑坡形成的内在因素。同时,利用极限平衡分析方法与计算机三维数值仿真模拟方法重点对滑坡第三级滑面变形滑动部分的稳定性进行了深入研究,并对滑坡的治理进行了优化设计。得到以下主要研究成果:
(1)通过对地质勘探资料和现场勘察结果分析,老鹰岩1#滑坡是老鹰岩滑坡堆积体局部复活并受降雨的影响发生蠕滑变形,滑面尚未完全贯通,并有三个蠕滑变形带(面);目前滑坡体第三级滑面处于复活蠕滑过程中,若遇强降雨或长期降雨过程,该滑坡第三级滑面会产生加速蠕滑,导致滑坡堆积体进一步的变形破坏。
(2)应用FLAC3D程序进行数值模拟分析,结果表明,天然状态下老鹰岩1#滑坡整体目前处于蠕滑状态,滑体内局部出现失稳现象,变形主要位于第三级滑面之中,第一、二级滑面未见变形。将计算成果对比老鹰岩1#滑坡实地考察和地质分析可知,其分析成果是基本一致的,表明老鹰岩1#滑坡的计算模型、参数取值是合理的。
(3)通过对滑坡区内滑面分析,特别是对三级滑面的研究,来评价由于滑坡侧缘被冲沟冲刷侵蚀产生泥石流的可能性分析以及在地震和暴雨工况下所形成的滑坡的稳定性,应用传递系数法进行稳定性计算,进而评定滑坡的稳定性。在此基础上,本文针对该滑坡特点提出了采用“设置排水系统+挡土墙+谷坊坝”治理的有效措施。该方案的实施,大大提高了第三级滑体的稳定性,同时对滑坡的整体稳定性也是有利的,能对滑坡整治达到一定的效果。
(4)将滑坡实际地质分析判断分析结果与数值模拟分析结果相对比,结果表明其分析成果是基本吻合的,且滑动面位置与采用地质资料分析章节中反映的位置也是完全一致,证明数值模拟分析与地质分析结果是可行的,比较符合工程实际。
Landslide is a major multiple geographical hazard, which spreads all over the world and does a great damage. It not only damages human’s life but also does destructiveness to people’s property、environment and resources. Landslide happens a lot in our country and will augment in a long time. So it is emergency to enhance the study of landslide hazard and work of prevention and cure. Malu of Qingchuan eagle rock 1# landslide is the earthiness landslide, which develops in the bedrock mountain area, with three-level slip plane. As for part of the landslide deformed and glided, it threats the safety of nearby inhabitants and blocks the way. The essay is based on the detailed geographical mapping、proving locus in quo and pre-research result and analysed the character of eagle rock 1# landslide accumulation、cause and mechanism in detail. It begins with the geographical environment-poietic and deformation character. We discussed the inner factors of slope formation. Meanwhile, the essay used the method of limit equilibrium assay and 3D numerical value simulation analogy procedure to do profound research to the stability of deformation and slide of the third grade slip plane. We make the optimized design to the management of the landslide and obtain the following major research result:
(1) Through the analysis of the geographical exploration data and locus in quo investigation result, we know that eagle rock 1# slide is part of the rejuvenation of eagle rock slide accumulation which creep and deform under the effect of the rainfall, and the slip plane is not completely holing-through, accompanying three creep and deformation belt(plane); Now the third grade slip plane of landslide mass is under the process of rejuvenation and creep, which will creep fast, leading to the futher deformation and failure of landslide accumulation when meet strong rainfall or long term rainfall.
(2) To utilize the FLAC3D progam to perform numerical simulation, it indicates that now the entirety of eagle rock 1# landslide is in the creep and slide state in natural condition, part of the sliding mass show destabilizing. The deformation is mainly located in the third grade slip plane while there is no deformation in latent the fist and the second slip plane. While calculate the result to compare the on the spot investigation with geographical analyses we know that the analysis result is primarily concordant,which indicates that the calculation model and parameter setting of eagle rock 1# landslide is reasonable.
(3) Through the analysis of slip plane in landslide zone, especially the study of three-level slip plane, to evaluate the possibility of producing debris flow by the gully erosion to the landslide lateral and the landslide stability under the condition of the earthquake and hard rain, taking stability calculation with transfer coefficient method, and assess stability of landslide. On this basis, the essay aim directly at the feature of the landslide and introduced effective measure of“Setup drainage system+ retaining wall + check dam”to cure the landslide. The enforcement of the scheme dramatically raises the stability of the third grade sliding mass, does benefits to the entire stability of landslide and cure landslide in a certain degree.
(4) To take comparison between actual geological analysis result and numerical simulation analysis result of the landslide, it indicates that the analysis result is primarily concordant, also the location of slip surface is completely concordant with the location that is reflected in the geographical data analysis chapter, which proves that numerical simulation analysis and geographical analysis is feasible and is basically fit for engineering practice.
(1)通过对地质勘探资料和现场勘察结果分析,老鹰岩1#滑坡是老鹰岩滑坡堆积体局部复活并受降雨的影响发生蠕滑变形,滑面尚未完全贯通,并有三个蠕滑变形带(面);目前滑坡体第三级滑面处于复活蠕滑过程中,若遇强降雨或长期降雨过程,该滑坡第三级滑面会产生加速蠕滑,导致滑坡堆积体进一步的变形破坏。
(2)应用FLAC3D程序进行数值模拟分析,结果表明,天然状态下老鹰岩1#滑坡整体目前处于蠕滑状态,滑体内局部出现失稳现象,变形主要位于第三级滑面之中,第一、二级滑面未见变形。将计算成果对比老鹰岩1#滑坡实地考察和地质分析可知,其分析成果是基本一致的,表明老鹰岩1#滑坡的计算模型、参数取值是合理的。
(3)通过对滑坡区内滑面分析,特别是对三级滑面的研究,来评价由于滑坡侧缘被冲沟冲刷侵蚀产生泥石流的可能性分析以及在地震和暴雨工况下所形成的滑坡的稳定性,应用传递系数法进行稳定性计算,进而评定滑坡的稳定性。在此基础上,本文针对该滑坡特点提出了采用“设置排水系统+挡土墙+谷坊坝”治理的有效措施。该方案的实施,大大提高了第三级滑体的稳定性,同时对滑坡的整体稳定性也是有利的,能对滑坡整治达到一定的效果。
(4)将滑坡实际地质分析判断分析结果与数值模拟分析结果相对比,结果表明其分析成果是基本吻合的,且滑动面位置与采用地质资料分析章节中反映的位置也是完全一致,证明数值模拟分析与地质分析结果是可行的,比较符合工程实际。
Landslide is a major multiple geographical hazard, which spreads all over the world and does a great damage. It not only damages human’s life but also does destructiveness to people’s property、environment and resources. Landslide happens a lot in our country and will augment in a long time. So it is emergency to enhance the study of landslide hazard and work of prevention and cure. Malu of Qingchuan eagle rock 1# landslide is the earthiness landslide, which develops in the bedrock mountain area, with three-level slip plane. As for part of the landslide deformed and glided, it threats the safety of nearby inhabitants and blocks the way. The essay is based on the detailed geographical mapping、proving locus in quo and pre-research result and analysed the character of eagle rock 1# landslide accumulation、cause and mechanism in detail. It begins with the geographical environment-poietic and deformation character. We discussed the inner factors of slope formation. Meanwhile, the essay used the method of limit equilibrium assay and 3D numerical value simulation analogy procedure to do profound research to the stability of deformation and slide of the third grade slip plane. We make the optimized design to the management of the landslide and obtain the following major research result:
(1) Through the analysis of the geographical exploration data and locus in quo investigation result, we know that eagle rock 1# slide is part of the rejuvenation of eagle rock slide accumulation which creep and deform under the effect of the rainfall, and the slip plane is not completely holing-through, accompanying three creep and deformation belt(plane); Now the third grade slip plane of landslide mass is under the process of rejuvenation and creep, which will creep fast, leading to the futher deformation and failure of landslide accumulation when meet strong rainfall or long term rainfall.
(2) To utilize the FLAC3D progam to perform numerical simulation, it indicates that now the entirety of eagle rock 1# landslide is in the creep and slide state in natural condition, part of the sliding mass show destabilizing. The deformation is mainly located in the third grade slip plane while there is no deformation in latent the fist and the second slip plane. While calculate the result to compare the on the spot investigation with geographical analyses we know that the analysis result is primarily concordant,which indicates that the calculation model and parameter setting of eagle rock 1# landslide is reasonable.
(3) Through the analysis of slip plane in landslide zone, especially the study of three-level slip plane, to evaluate the possibility of producing debris flow by the gully erosion to the landslide lateral and the landslide stability under the condition of the earthquake and hard rain, taking stability calculation with transfer coefficient method, and assess stability of landslide. On this basis, the essay aim directly at the feature of the landslide and introduced effective measure of“Setup drainage system+ retaining wall + check dam”to cure the landslide. The enforcement of the scheme dramatically raises the stability of the third grade sliding mass, does benefits to the entire stability of landslide and cure landslide in a certain degree.
(4) To take comparison between actual geological analysis result and numerical simulation analysis result of the landslide, it indicates that the analysis result is primarily concordant, also the location of slip surface is completely concordant with the location that is reflected in the geographical data analysis chapter, which proves that numerical simulation analysis and geographical analysis is feasible and is basically fit for engineering practice.
引文
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