基于微波单片集成电路的交通信息采集技术研究
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摘要
道路交通信息采集作为输入信息来源应用于智能交通系统(ITS,Intelligent Transportation Systems)中,担负着提供准确可靠信息源以使整个智能交通系统得以顺利准确运行的重任。国际国内对ITS都投入很大,“十五”期间我国在北京等十一个城市开展了ITS试点工作,“十一五”期间是ITS成果重点推广期。这期间以及将来,对交通信息采集的需求巨大,因此开展对交通信息采集技术的研究并研发出交通信息采集装置很有意义,同时也极具市场需求。
针对这一需求,本论文研究出了一种新的交通信息采集技术—基于微波单片集成电路(MMIC,Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits)芯片的微波雷达技术,并基于该技术成功研制了一种交通信息采集装置—微普雷达(MPR-MicroPuRadar),目前MPR已通过有关部门鉴定,进入产品中试期。
交通信息采集技术可分为波频(微波、超声、红外)、线圈和视频等三类。各类技术均有其优缺点,整体说来,微波技术最有发展前景。首先该技术克服了由于安装带来的问题(基于线圈技术的交通信息检测装置必需埋设在路面下,所以安装维修困难,需中断交通、破坏路面,并且维护费用高,寿命短),其次该技术不受恶劣气候和光照条件的影响(这是视频技术难以很好解决的难题),再有该技术能同时检测多车道,相对成本低。其缺点是只能给出车辆平均速度并且不能准确分辨车型。
本文作者在此项研究工作中具体的研究内容主要包括:基于微波雷达的交通信息采集技术系统设计与整体负责实施;组织装置样机的研制与外场测试;MMIC VCO、MMIC mixer芯片的设计与测试;雷达中频信号处理单元的研发;雷达信号处理算法研究;提出下一代交通信息采集技术的整体思路与技术途径。
本文作者在该项研究过程中的创新点与解决的关键技术:
1)将微型雷达技术应用于道路交通信息采集,成功研制出样机。该类检测装置在国内属于唯一,从比对测试结果看,技术上已进入国际先进水平行列;
2)在国内首次成功设计并制作出基于0.25um GaAs PHEMT工艺的MMICVCO、MMIC mixer芯片,并应用于交通信息采集技术。在设计中解决了大幅度缩小MMIC VCO芯片面积、提高调谐带宽,MMIC mixer工艺兼容性、缩小Lange耦合器微带间距等关键技术问题;
3)通过采用多级带通滤波器级联等技术成功设计并制作出具有高正斜率大增益的带通滤波器,且滤波曲线上升与下降沿极陡;成功解决电源纹波对信号处理的影响问题;
4)提出了一套完整算法模型应用于雷达系统,成功解决了交通信息采集中的零信号问题、车辆拥堵时车辆准确计数问题以及相邻车道车辆相互间的影响问题;
5)在分析总结当前交通信息采集技术的基础上,提出了双波束微波雷达技术作为下一代交通信息采集技术的新思路与技术途径,并进行了可行性分析。
本文研究成果MPR可以很准确地检测车流量信息,但也还存在无法准确测量车辆速度和车辆长度,检测灵敏度不能自适应调节等问题。目前改善工作正在进行中,但是最根本的解决方式是采用下一代交通信息检测技术—双波束微波雷达技术。
The collection of traffic information, acts as an input to the intelligent transportation systems (ITS), takes on an very important task for providing the whole ITS with accurate information sources. Investment on ITS around the world are huge.In China, 11 cities, such as Beijing, had progressed the pilot program on ITS during the past "10~(th) Five-Year Plan" period, and it will be the emphasis generalization period for the ITS achievements during the "11~(th) Five-Year Plan" period of China. The needs for traffic information collection will be huge. So it's very important and is of great significance to study the traffic information collection technology, and to make this technology become a real apparatus for traffic information detection applications.
Regarding to those mentioned above, a new technology for traffic information collection has been studied here in this paper, and this new technology is based on the microwave radar technology, which is grounded on MMICs (Microwave monolithic ICs). With this technology, a new kind of traffic information collection apparatus called MPR (MicroPu Radar) has been successfully achieved. This product had been judged by the related authority and now it's in the period of the middle test before massive produce.
Generally speaking, the traffic information collection technologies can be divided into three categories: Wave(microwave, supersonic, infrared)、coil and video. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, and as a whole, the traffic information collection technology based on microwave technology is of the most prosperous future. First of all, this technology has overcome such problems caused by the installation as difficult to install and to maintain, traffic needs to be interrupted and the roads need to be destroyed for installation and maintenance, expensive for maintenance and short life time; Secondly, it will not be influenced by the atrocious weather and illumination conditions; and the last but not the least, it can detect several lanes simultaneously with a relatively low cost. Of course, as mentioned above, it has its own shortcomings, it can only give the average velocity for vehicles, and it can not detect the vehicle type accurately.
The main research works performed by the author are as follows: systematic design for the traffic information detection system and in charge of its implementation; organization of the develop of the sample apparatus and its outside tests; design and test for MMIC VCO and MMIC mixer; research on the process technology for the intermediate frequency signals; arithmetic study for radar signal process; proposal of the next generation traffic information collection technology.
The innovations and the key technologies solved by the author during this research are as follows:
1) Applied the micro radar technology to the traffic information detection, and based on this technology, a new kind of traffic information detection sample apparatus has been achieved. This kind of detection technology is new and unique in China at present time. According to the test results, this technology is of international advanced level;
2) Designed and fabricated (using the 0.25um GaAs PHEMT process abroad) successfully the first time in China the MMIC VCO and MMIC mixer, and these MMICs have been used in the traffic information collection apparatus. Several key technologies have been solved during the design, for example, greatly decreased the chip size of MMIC VCO and increased its tuning range, solved the process compatible problem for MMIC mixer, and decreased the microstrip gap for Lange coupler;
3) A band-path filter with high positive slope and high gain has been designed by cascading multiple band-path filters, and this filter has very sharp raising edge and fall edge; the influence of radar signal process caused by the DC source ripple has been overcome;
4) A set of arithmetic model for the radar system has been put forward, and by means of this model, such key problems as zero-signal, processing for traffic jam situation and the influence of near by lanes have been solved successfully;
5) Grounding on the review of present time traffic information collection technologies, a new idea for the next generation traffic information detection technology has been proposed, which is based on a dual-beam microwave radar technology, the technological way to realize it and its feasibility have been put forward.
MPR, the achievements of this research, can detect the presence of the vehicle accurately, but it can't accurately measure the vehicle velocity and its length, and further more, the sensitivity for detection can't be adjusted automatically. Now, the improvements for these shortcomings are being carried out, but the author think that the ultimate way will be the next generation technology—the dual-microwave beam radar technology.
针对这一需求,本论文研究出了一种新的交通信息采集技术—基于微波单片集成电路(MMIC,Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits)芯片的微波雷达技术,并基于该技术成功研制了一种交通信息采集装置—微普雷达(MPR-MicroPuRadar),目前MPR已通过有关部门鉴定,进入产品中试期。
交通信息采集技术可分为波频(微波、超声、红外)、线圈和视频等三类。各类技术均有其优缺点,整体说来,微波技术最有发展前景。首先该技术克服了由于安装带来的问题(基于线圈技术的交通信息检测装置必需埋设在路面下,所以安装维修困难,需中断交通、破坏路面,并且维护费用高,寿命短),其次该技术不受恶劣气候和光照条件的影响(这是视频技术难以很好解决的难题),再有该技术能同时检测多车道,相对成本低。其缺点是只能给出车辆平均速度并且不能准确分辨车型。
本文作者在此项研究工作中具体的研究内容主要包括:基于微波雷达的交通信息采集技术系统设计与整体负责实施;组织装置样机的研制与外场测试;MMIC VCO、MMIC mixer芯片的设计与测试;雷达中频信号处理单元的研发;雷达信号处理算法研究;提出下一代交通信息采集技术的整体思路与技术途径。
本文作者在该项研究过程中的创新点与解决的关键技术:
1)将微型雷达技术应用于道路交通信息采集,成功研制出样机。该类检测装置在国内属于唯一,从比对测试结果看,技术上已进入国际先进水平行列;
2)在国内首次成功设计并制作出基于0.25um GaAs PHEMT工艺的MMICVCO、MMIC mixer芯片,并应用于交通信息采集技术。在设计中解决了大幅度缩小MMIC VCO芯片面积、提高调谐带宽,MMIC mixer工艺兼容性、缩小Lange耦合器微带间距等关键技术问题;
3)通过采用多级带通滤波器级联等技术成功设计并制作出具有高正斜率大增益的带通滤波器,且滤波曲线上升与下降沿极陡;成功解决电源纹波对信号处理的影响问题;
4)提出了一套完整算法模型应用于雷达系统,成功解决了交通信息采集中的零信号问题、车辆拥堵时车辆准确计数问题以及相邻车道车辆相互间的影响问题;
5)在分析总结当前交通信息采集技术的基础上,提出了双波束微波雷达技术作为下一代交通信息采集技术的新思路与技术途径,并进行了可行性分析。
本文研究成果MPR可以很准确地检测车流量信息,但也还存在无法准确测量车辆速度和车辆长度,检测灵敏度不能自适应调节等问题。目前改善工作正在进行中,但是最根本的解决方式是采用下一代交通信息检测技术—双波束微波雷达技术。
The collection of traffic information, acts as an input to the intelligent transportation systems (ITS), takes on an very important task for providing the whole ITS with accurate information sources. Investment on ITS around the world are huge.In China, 11 cities, such as Beijing, had progressed the pilot program on ITS during the past "10~(th) Five-Year Plan" period, and it will be the emphasis generalization period for the ITS achievements during the "11~(th) Five-Year Plan" period of China. The needs for traffic information collection will be huge. So it's very important and is of great significance to study the traffic information collection technology, and to make this technology become a real apparatus for traffic information detection applications.
Regarding to those mentioned above, a new technology for traffic information collection has been studied here in this paper, and this new technology is based on the microwave radar technology, which is grounded on MMICs (Microwave monolithic ICs). With this technology, a new kind of traffic information collection apparatus called MPR (MicroPu Radar) has been successfully achieved. This product had been judged by the related authority and now it's in the period of the middle test before massive produce.
Generally speaking, the traffic information collection technologies can be divided into three categories: Wave(microwave, supersonic, infrared)、coil and video. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages, and as a whole, the traffic information collection technology based on microwave technology is of the most prosperous future. First of all, this technology has overcome such problems caused by the installation as difficult to install and to maintain, traffic needs to be interrupted and the roads need to be destroyed for installation and maintenance, expensive for maintenance and short life time; Secondly, it will not be influenced by the atrocious weather and illumination conditions; and the last but not the least, it can detect several lanes simultaneously with a relatively low cost. Of course, as mentioned above, it has its own shortcomings, it can only give the average velocity for vehicles, and it can not detect the vehicle type accurately.
The main research works performed by the author are as follows: systematic design for the traffic information detection system and in charge of its implementation; organization of the develop of the sample apparatus and its outside tests; design and test for MMIC VCO and MMIC mixer; research on the process technology for the intermediate frequency signals; arithmetic study for radar signal process; proposal of the next generation traffic information collection technology.
The innovations and the key technologies solved by the author during this research are as follows:
1) Applied the micro radar technology to the traffic information detection, and based on this technology, a new kind of traffic information detection sample apparatus has been achieved. This kind of detection technology is new and unique in China at present time. According to the test results, this technology is of international advanced level;
2) Designed and fabricated (using the 0.25um GaAs PHEMT process abroad) successfully the first time in China the MMIC VCO and MMIC mixer, and these MMICs have been used in the traffic information collection apparatus. Several key technologies have been solved during the design, for example, greatly decreased the chip size of MMIC VCO and increased its tuning range, solved the process compatible problem for MMIC mixer, and decreased the microstrip gap for Lange coupler;
3) A band-path filter with high positive slope and high gain has been designed by cascading multiple band-path filters, and this filter has very sharp raising edge and fall edge; the influence of radar signal process caused by the DC source ripple has been overcome;
4) A set of arithmetic model for the radar system has been put forward, and by means of this model, such key problems as zero-signal, processing for traffic jam situation and the influence of near by lanes have been solved successfully;
5) Grounding on the review of present time traffic information collection technologies, a new idea for the next generation traffic information detection technology has been proposed, which is based on a dual-beam microwave radar technology, the technological way to realize it and its feasibility have been put forward.
MPR, the achievements of this research, can detect the presence of the vehicle accurately, but it can't accurately measure the vehicle velocity and its length, and further more, the sensitivity for detection can't be adjusted automatically. Now, the improvements for these shortcomings are being carried out, but the author think that the ultimate way will be the next generation technology—the dual-microwave beam radar technology.
引文
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