基于ZigBee的WSN定位技术研究
摘要
定位技术最早因军事战争的需要而产生于美国。但是近年来随着社会需求的发展,具有各种优势的定位技术已经广泛应用于除军事应用以外的环境参数监测、农作物生长状态监控、目标自动跟踪等方面。美国的GPS技术和俄国的GLONASS技术是当前世界上最成熟的全球性、全方位的定位导航系统。这两种定位技术在当前应用最为广泛,但是也存在一些不足和缺陷。在类似地下矿井和室内定位的很多特别的、特殊的环境中,卫星类全球性定位系统并不能够充分发挥作用,甚至根本不能发挥其定位功能。有需求就会有市场,有问题就会有解决的办法。这时候就可以用基于WSN的定位技术来弥补卫星定位的不足和缺陷。
在市场的促进下,为了方便WSN定位功能的实现和应用,ZigBee技术随之出现并蓬勃发展,也就是我们所说的蜂舞技术。ZigBee技术主要是应用于局域网通信,是一种自组织能力非常强的通信技术。这种技术的实现以高集成度的定位芯片为基础。这些高集成度模块,高度集成了WSN组网和实现定位功能所需要的各种设备。蜂舞技术在硬件方面极大地方便了定位功能的实现。本文对基于ZigBee模块CC2430的定位节点进行了简单的介绍,同时设计了典型的节点电路。
定位功能的实现,不仅需要硬件的基础支撑,也需要定位算法运算出具体的定位结果。用于定位的算法现在是多种多样,各有优势。定位算法从宏观上可分为基于测量距离和非基于测量距离两种。本文主要介绍基于测距的RSSI、TOA、TDOA、AOA等几种典型定位算法。在适应WSN能耗、使用环境特点的前提下,提出了一种新的定位算法,不仅解决了TDOA算法两个交点的问题,并且提高了定位精度。
本论文主要做了以下工作：
1)研究了基于蜂舞技术的WSN的基本结构与网络构建,描述了WSN的应用价值和优势,分析了广阔的应用前景。
2)学习研究了WSN的优势特点,分析比较了基于测量距离的四种定位算法,选择了两种适合WSN的定位算法进一步进行学习。
3)在深入研究适合WSN的两种算法的基础上,提出了将两种算法相结合的平均值算法。
4)对平均值算法进行性能仿真,和其他单一算法进行性能对比,定位精度明显高于单一算法。
5)初步研究了以ZigBee模块为节点的WSN定位系统,给出了节点的典型电路。
The earliest produced from military technology, but with the development of the social demands, now positioning technology has been widely applied on environment monitoring, target tracking and battlefield monitoring, forest fire prevention. GPS of United States and the GLONASS technology of Russian is currently the world's most mature and comprehensive, global positioning navigation system. Both positioning technology in the current most widely used, but there are some deficiencies and shortcomings. In a similar underground mines and a lot of indoor positioning special, special environment, global positioning system satellite class is not able to fully play its role, or simply can not play their positioning. There is a demand would have a market, there are problems there will be a solution. This can be used when positioning technology based WSN to make up for the deficiencies and shortcomings of satellite positioning.
Promotion in the market, in order to facilitate the realization of WSN positioning and application, ZigBee technology and thrive appears. ZigBee technology mainly to provide local area network communication, self-organizing ability of the communications protocol. Implementation of this technology to highly integrated chip-based positioning. These highly integrated modules, highly integrated network and the WSN positioning required to achieve a variety of chips. ZigBee in hardware greatly facilitate the realization of positioning. This ZigBee based on the positioning of the node module CC2430 were brief, and designed a typical node circuit.
Positioning function of the realization, not only based on hardware support, also need location algorithm for computing the mapping results. The algorithm is now used to locate a wide variety, have their own advantages. Location algorithm can be divided into macro and not based on measurement of the distance measurement from the two. In this paper, based mainly introduces the characteristics of WSN-based ranging RSSI, TO A, TDOA, AOA and other typical location algorithm. WSN energy consumption in the adaptation, the use of the premise of environmental characteristics, a new localization algorithm, not only solves the problem of the two intersections of TDOA algorithm, and improves the positioning accuracy.
In this thesis, the author makes the following works:
1) The wireless sensor structure and how to construct wireless sensor net are studied; the application and advantages is described and the wireless sensor broad application prospects is analyzed.
2) The four localization algorithms, based on measuring the distance, are analyzed. Meanwhile wireless sensor network characteristics are studied, two suitable algorithms are selected for wireless sensor network location algorithm, based on the learning and research of the four algorithm.
3) A deep research for wireless sensor algorithm based on measuring distance is done, and raise a new algorithms by combining the two selected algorithm, and then the new algorithm is performance simulation. The new algorithm is compared with the selected single algorithm, and gets a conclusion that it has a distinct advantage, such as location accuracy.
4) The positioning system realization based on ZigBee technology of wireless sensor network is made a preliminary study. And the locating realization of wireless sensor network positioning system applications is introduced simply.
在市场的促进下,为了方便WSN定位功能的实现和应用,ZigBee技术随之出现并蓬勃发展,也就是我们所说的蜂舞技术。ZigBee技术主要是应用于局域网通信,是一种自组织能力非常强的通信技术。这种技术的实现以高集成度的定位芯片为基础。这些高集成度模块,高度集成了WSN组网和实现定位功能所需要的各种设备。蜂舞技术在硬件方面极大地方便了定位功能的实现。本文对基于ZigBee模块CC2430的定位节点进行了简单的介绍,同时设计了典型的节点电路。
定位功能的实现,不仅需要硬件的基础支撑,也需要定位算法运算出具体的定位结果。用于定位的算法现在是多种多样,各有优势。定位算法从宏观上可分为基于测量距离和非基于测量距离两种。本文主要介绍基于测距的RSSI、TOA、TDOA、AOA等几种典型定位算法。在适应WSN能耗、使用环境特点的前提下,提出了一种新的定位算法,不仅解决了TDOA算法两个交点的问题,并且提高了定位精度。
本论文主要做了以下工作：
1)研究了基于蜂舞技术的WSN的基本结构与网络构建,描述了WSN的应用价值和优势,分析了广阔的应用前景。
2)学习研究了WSN的优势特点,分析比较了基于测量距离的四种定位算法,选择了两种适合WSN的定位算法进一步进行学习。
3)在深入研究适合WSN的两种算法的基础上,提出了将两种算法相结合的平均值算法。
4)对平均值算法进行性能仿真,和其他单一算法进行性能对比,定位精度明显高于单一算法。
5)初步研究了以ZigBee模块为节点的WSN定位系统,给出了节点的典型电路。
The earliest produced from military technology, but with the development of the social demands, now positioning technology has been widely applied on environment monitoring, target tracking and battlefield monitoring, forest fire prevention. GPS of United States and the GLONASS technology of Russian is currently the world's most mature and comprehensive, global positioning navigation system. Both positioning technology in the current most widely used, but there are some deficiencies and shortcomings. In a similar underground mines and a lot of indoor positioning special, special environment, global positioning system satellite class is not able to fully play its role, or simply can not play their positioning. There is a demand would have a market, there are problems there will be a solution. This can be used when positioning technology based WSN to make up for the deficiencies and shortcomings of satellite positioning.
Promotion in the market, in order to facilitate the realization of WSN positioning and application, ZigBee technology and thrive appears. ZigBee technology mainly to provide local area network communication, self-organizing ability of the communications protocol. Implementation of this technology to highly integrated chip-based positioning. These highly integrated modules, highly integrated network and the WSN positioning required to achieve a variety of chips. ZigBee in hardware greatly facilitate the realization of positioning. This ZigBee based on the positioning of the node module CC2430 were brief, and designed a typical node circuit.
Positioning function of the realization, not only based on hardware support, also need location algorithm for computing the mapping results. The algorithm is now used to locate a wide variety, have their own advantages. Location algorithm can be divided into macro and not based on measurement of the distance measurement from the two. In this paper, based mainly introduces the characteristics of WSN-based ranging RSSI, TO A, TDOA, AOA and other typical location algorithm. WSN energy consumption in the adaptation, the use of the premise of environmental characteristics, a new localization algorithm, not only solves the problem of the two intersections of TDOA algorithm, and improves the positioning accuracy.
In this thesis, the author makes the following works:
1) The wireless sensor structure and how to construct wireless sensor net are studied; the application and advantages is described and the wireless sensor broad application prospects is analyzed.
2) The four localization algorithms, based on measuring the distance, are analyzed. Meanwhile wireless sensor network characteristics are studied, two suitable algorithms are selected for wireless sensor network location algorithm, based on the learning and research of the four algorithm.
3) A deep research for wireless sensor algorithm based on measuring distance is done, and raise a new algorithms by combining the two selected algorithm, and then the new algorithm is performance simulation. The new algorithm is compared with the selected single algorithm, and gets a conclusion that it has a distinct advantage, such as location accuracy.
4) The positioning system realization based on ZigBee technology of wireless sensor network is made a preliminary study. And the locating realization of wireless sensor network positioning system applications is introduced simply.
引文
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