基于MFA的区域物质代谢研究
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摘要
工业革命以来,技术进步使人类攫取、加工和利用自然资源的能力提高,致使社会经济系统与生态环境系统之间的物质和能量交换迅速扩张,经济发展给自然环境带来沉重的负担。人类开始重新审视社会经济活动与自然生态之间的复杂关系,逐渐认识到现有的物质生产和消费模式,即物质社会代谢的结构与组织形式,是导致人类社会与自然生态系统之间尖锐冲突的本质根源。由此,优化和重组物质代谢过程己成为实践区域可持续发展道路的主流方向之一。
本文利用物质流分析方法(Material Flow Analysis,MFA)作为基本的研究手段,以青岛市城阳区作为研究对象,重点对区域物质代谢的基本理论、分析指标、评价体系、驱动因素和调控对策进行了系统研究。
首先,本文对区域物质代谢的基本内涵进行了讨论,认为区域物质代谢既是经济活动的重要载体,又是经济发展方式的具体体现,区域物质代谢水平是影响环境质量的重要原因。区域物质代谢具有高强度性、复杂性、可调控性、动态连续性和地域差异性等基本特征。可持续发展理论、工业生态学、循环经济理论和生态经济学是区域物质代谢的理论基础。
其次,本文提出了区域物质代谢的概念模型和分析指标框架,主要包含代谢规模和结构、代谢强度、代谢效率三大类指标,并利用这些指标对1995-2004年城阳区的物质代谢状态进行了详细的分析。研究发现,城阳区的物质代谢规模呈显著增长趋势,输入端主要表现为化石燃料和矿物的消耗量增长很快,输出端主要表现为CO2和固体废物排放量增长迅速。资源生产率和环境效率虽然已经有所改善,但物质化程度仍较高,尚未进入资源消耗与经济发展的完全“脱钩”阶段。
复次,本文初步构建起区域物质代谢综合评价指标体系,主要包含社会经济发展、资源消耗、环境影响、代谢强度和调控能力五大类指标。采用层次分析法确定了各项指标权重,并对城阳区的物质代谢水平进行了综合评价。结果表明,城阳区的整体物质代谢水平增幅较小,实现物质代谢向高水平发展的关键是控制物质投入量和提高资源生产率。
Since industrial revolution, human ability of extracting, processing and utilizing natural resources improves because of technological advancement. The exchange of material and energy between socio-economic system and eco-environment system expands rapidly, which brings serious burden on natural environment. So people begin to rethink complex relation between socio-economic behavior and natural ecological system, and gradually realize that the essential source of incisive conflict is current material production and consumption model, namely structure and organization form of material social metabolism. As a result, it becomes one of mainstream of regional sustainable development to optimize and reorganize process of material metabolism. Base on method of Material Flow Analysis, the paper takes Chengyang District in Qingdao as a case to study regional material metabolism. The emphasis of research is put on the basic theory, analysis indicators, assessment system, driving factors and countermeasures of regulation.
Firstly, the paper discusses the basic connotation of regional material metabolism. The regional material metabolism is thought as the important carrier of economic activities and representation of economic develoment mode. The level of regional material metabolism decides local natural environmental quality. The characteristics of regional material metabolism includes high intensity, complexity, regulatability, dynamic continuity, regional difference. The important theory of regioanl material metabolism is composed of sustainable development, industrial ecology, circular economics and ecological economics.
Secondly, the paper constructs the conceptual model of regional material metabolism and designs framework of analysis indicators including three kinds of indicators such as metabolic size and structure, metabolic intensity, metabolic efficiency. On the base of these indicators, material metabolic state of Chengyang District from 1995 to 2004 is analyzed in detail. The results indicate that material metabolic size of Chengyang District represents obvious increasing trend. The consumption of fossil fuel and mineral increases quickly in input side, while the emission of carbon dioxide and solid waste increases obviously in output side.
本文利用物质流分析方法(Material Flow Analysis,MFA)作为基本的研究手段,以青岛市城阳区作为研究对象,重点对区域物质代谢的基本理论、分析指标、评价体系、驱动因素和调控对策进行了系统研究。
首先,本文对区域物质代谢的基本内涵进行了讨论,认为区域物质代谢既是经济活动的重要载体,又是经济发展方式的具体体现,区域物质代谢水平是影响环境质量的重要原因。区域物质代谢具有高强度性、复杂性、可调控性、动态连续性和地域差异性等基本特征。可持续发展理论、工业生态学、循环经济理论和生态经济学是区域物质代谢的理论基础。
其次,本文提出了区域物质代谢的概念模型和分析指标框架,主要包含代谢规模和结构、代谢强度、代谢效率三大类指标,并利用这些指标对1995-2004年城阳区的物质代谢状态进行了详细的分析。研究发现,城阳区的物质代谢规模呈显著增长趋势,输入端主要表现为化石燃料和矿物的消耗量增长很快,输出端主要表现为CO2和固体废物排放量增长迅速。资源生产率和环境效率虽然已经有所改善,但物质化程度仍较高,尚未进入资源消耗与经济发展的完全“脱钩”阶段。
复次,本文初步构建起区域物质代谢综合评价指标体系,主要包含社会经济发展、资源消耗、环境影响、代谢强度和调控能力五大类指标。采用层次分析法确定了各项指标权重,并对城阳区的物质代谢水平进行了综合评价。结果表明,城阳区的整体物质代谢水平增幅较小,实现物质代谢向高水平发展的关键是控制物质投入量和提高资源生产率。
Since industrial revolution, human ability of extracting, processing and utilizing natural resources improves because of technological advancement. The exchange of material and energy between socio-economic system and eco-environment system expands rapidly, which brings serious burden on natural environment. So people begin to rethink complex relation between socio-economic behavior and natural ecological system, and gradually realize that the essential source of incisive conflict is current material production and consumption model, namely structure and organization form of material social metabolism. As a result, it becomes one of mainstream of regional sustainable development to optimize and reorganize process of material metabolism. Base on method of Material Flow Analysis, the paper takes Chengyang District in Qingdao as a case to study regional material metabolism. The emphasis of research is put on the basic theory, analysis indicators, assessment system, driving factors and countermeasures of regulation.
Firstly, the paper discusses the basic connotation of regional material metabolism. The regional material metabolism is thought as the important carrier of economic activities and representation of economic develoment mode. The level of regional material metabolism decides local natural environmental quality. The characteristics of regional material metabolism includes high intensity, complexity, regulatability, dynamic continuity, regional difference. The important theory of regioanl material metabolism is composed of sustainable development, industrial ecology, circular economics and ecological economics.
Secondly, the paper constructs the conceptual model of regional material metabolism and designs framework of analysis indicators including three kinds of indicators such as metabolic size and structure, metabolic intensity, metabolic efficiency. On the base of these indicators, material metabolic state of Chengyang District from 1995 to 2004 is analyzed in detail. The results indicate that material metabolic size of Chengyang District represents obvious increasing trend. The consumption of fossil fuel and mineral increases quickly in input side, while the emission of carbon dioxide and solid waste increases obviously in output side.
引文
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