单室胃动物胃肌肉层分布的解剖学研究
摘要
本研究运用大体解剖学方法对兔、狗和猪等单室胃动物的胃肌肉层进行了逐层整片剥离,并采取肉眼观察与体视显微镜观察相结合的方法对兔、狗和猪的胃肌肉层各层的具体分布区域、连接状态以及胃不同部位的厚度变化进行了研究。获得了兔、狗和猪胃的肌层解剖特征,从而为比较解剖学和生理学积累了基础资料,并为重新探讨胃肌肉层与胃分区、胃运动以及胃中间横带的关系提供了依据。实验结果如下:
兔胃纵行肌主要分布于胃大弯、幽门部以及胃的脏面和膈面。其中,贲门附近的纵行肌呈螺旋形分布,幽门部表面的纵行肌呈U形分布。兔胃环行肌主要分布于胃体和幽门部。其中,贲门口和幽门口均存在增厚的环行肌环,幽门部中部有一条显著增厚的环行肌带。斜行肌在贲门切迹处与食管环行肌相延续,然后,一部分斜行肌沿胃小弯两侧向下延伸,并终止于角切迹上方;其余的斜行肌呈环状分布于胃底和胃体。
狗胃大部分都被纵行肌所覆盖,仅在胃小弯两侧分布稀疏,甚至缺失。在膈面,纵行肌在胃体上部积聚,然后辐射分布到整个胃体。在幽门部,纵行肌增厚,并形成完整的一层。狗的胃底很小,所以环行肌几乎分布于整个胃。幽门口的环行肌显著增厚,形成幽门括约肌。在幽门部中部,环行肌形成一条强厚的肌带,并与幽门括约肌在胃小弯侧相会。狗胃斜行肌在贲门切迹处与食管环行肌相延续,然后,一部分沿胃小弯两侧向下延伸,至角切迹后,转向胃大弯行走并与对侧的内斜行肌构成肌环;其余的斜行肌呈环状分布到胃底和胃体,并且在胃体中部与环行肌融合。
猪胃纵行肌覆盖着胃的大部分。胃体下部纵行肌稀疏,且走向不明显。在幽门部,纵行肌增厚,但胃小弯侧缺失。环行肌从贲门下方一直延续到幽门。自贲门至角切迹,环行肌分为深浅两层,浅层环行肌向左上方分布于胃体前部和胃底,但不到达胃憩室,深层环行肌斜向下分布到整个胃体。在幽门口,环行肌自胃小弯侧向胃腔内突出,形成幽门圆枕。内斜行肌在贲门切迹处与食管环行肌相延续,然后,一部分沿胃小弯两侧向下延伸,至角切迹下方终止;其余的斜行肌呈环状分布到胃底和胃体。
The gastric muscular layers,in rabbit, pig and dog,were dissected by basic anatomical method layer-by-layer. Then, the distribution, variance of thickness and connective way of the gastric muscular coat were studied with the macroscopic observation and the stereoscopic observation. The studies about the feature of stomach in rabbit, dog and pig presented basic dates for the zootomy and the physiology and a new thinking to study the relationship between the gastric muscular layers with the gastric subarea, the gastric motility and the midgastric transverse band. The main results were shown as following:
The longitudinal muscle of stomach in rabbit mainly distribute in the greater curvature of stomach, the visceral surface, the facies diaphragmatica and the pyloric part. At the cardiac orifice, the longitudinal muscle spread in the manner of spiral. On the pyloric part, the surface longitudinal muscle is with U distribution. The circular muscle in rabbit mainly situate on the gastric body and the pyloric part. There are incrassate circular muscular ring at the cardiac and the pyloric orifice. On the middle of the pyloric part, there have an incrassate circular band. The oblique muscular fibers are continuous with those of the esophagus at the cardiac incisure. Then, some fibers spread along both sides of the lesser gastric curvature. Other distribute in the gastric fundus and the gastric body.
The most surfaces of stomach in dog are mainly coated with the longitudinal muscle. But on the lesser gastric curvature, the longitudinal muscular fibers are thinly scattered or scarcely to be found. On the upper part of the facies diaphragmatica, muscular fibers of the gastric body accumulate and spread with the radiation distribution to the whole gastric body. On the pyloric part, the longitudinal muscular fibers become thicker and form a complete layer. As the gastric fundus of the dog is small, the circular muscular fibers distribute almost the whole stomach. At the pyloric orifice, the circular muscular fibers become thicker and stronger than at other points, and then form the pyloric sphincter. On the middle of the pyloric part, the circular muscular fibers are gathered into a thick bundle, which meet with the pyloric sphincter at the lesser gastric curvature. The oblique muscular fibers are continuous with those of the esophagus at the cardiac incisure. Parts spread along both sides of the lesser gastric curvature and turn to the greater gastric curvature at the angular incisure. Others are with rings distribution surrounding the gastric fundus and the gastric body, and then blend with the circular fibers on the middle of the gastric body.
The most range of stomach in pig is covered with the longitudinal muscular fibers. On the lower gastric body, longitudinal muscular fibers are thinly scattered or scarcely to be found. The incrassate longitudinal muscular fibers cover the most range of the pyloric part except the lesser gastric curvature. The circular muscular fibers spread from the cardia to the pylorus. Between the cardia and the angular incisure, the circular muscular fibers comprise the superficial layer (which spread to the anterior part of the gastric body and the gastric fundus except the gastric diverticulum) and the deep layer (which distribute on the whole gastric body). At the lesser gastric curvature side of the pyloric orifice, the circular muscular fibers are gathered, and then form the torus pyloricus. The oblique muscular fibers are continuous with those of the esophagus at the cardiac incisure. Then parts spread along both sides of the lesser gastric curvature and end below the angular incisure. Others are with rings distribution surrounding the gastric fundus and the gastric body.
兔胃纵行肌主要分布于胃大弯、幽门部以及胃的脏面和膈面。其中,贲门附近的纵行肌呈螺旋形分布,幽门部表面的纵行肌呈U形分布。兔胃环行肌主要分布于胃体和幽门部。其中,贲门口和幽门口均存在增厚的环行肌环,幽门部中部有一条显著增厚的环行肌带。斜行肌在贲门切迹处与食管环行肌相延续,然后,一部分斜行肌沿胃小弯两侧向下延伸,并终止于角切迹上方;其余的斜行肌呈环状分布于胃底和胃体。
狗胃大部分都被纵行肌所覆盖,仅在胃小弯两侧分布稀疏,甚至缺失。在膈面,纵行肌在胃体上部积聚,然后辐射分布到整个胃体。在幽门部,纵行肌增厚,并形成完整的一层。狗的胃底很小,所以环行肌几乎分布于整个胃。幽门口的环行肌显著增厚,形成幽门括约肌。在幽门部中部,环行肌形成一条强厚的肌带,并与幽门括约肌在胃小弯侧相会。狗胃斜行肌在贲门切迹处与食管环行肌相延续,然后,一部分沿胃小弯两侧向下延伸,至角切迹后,转向胃大弯行走并与对侧的内斜行肌构成肌环;其余的斜行肌呈环状分布到胃底和胃体,并且在胃体中部与环行肌融合。
猪胃纵行肌覆盖着胃的大部分。胃体下部纵行肌稀疏,且走向不明显。在幽门部,纵行肌增厚,但胃小弯侧缺失。环行肌从贲门下方一直延续到幽门。自贲门至角切迹,环行肌分为深浅两层,浅层环行肌向左上方分布于胃体前部和胃底,但不到达胃憩室,深层环行肌斜向下分布到整个胃体。在幽门口,环行肌自胃小弯侧向胃腔内突出,形成幽门圆枕。内斜行肌在贲门切迹处与食管环行肌相延续,然后,一部分沿胃小弯两侧向下延伸,至角切迹下方终止;其余的斜行肌呈环状分布到胃底和胃体。
The gastric muscular layers,in rabbit, pig and dog,were dissected by basic anatomical method layer-by-layer. Then, the distribution, variance of thickness and connective way of the gastric muscular coat were studied with the macroscopic observation and the stereoscopic observation. The studies about the feature of stomach in rabbit, dog and pig presented basic dates for the zootomy and the physiology and a new thinking to study the relationship between the gastric muscular layers with the gastric subarea, the gastric motility and the midgastric transverse band. The main results were shown as following:
The longitudinal muscle of stomach in rabbit mainly distribute in the greater curvature of stomach, the visceral surface, the facies diaphragmatica and the pyloric part. At the cardiac orifice, the longitudinal muscle spread in the manner of spiral. On the pyloric part, the surface longitudinal muscle is with U distribution. The circular muscle in rabbit mainly situate on the gastric body and the pyloric part. There are incrassate circular muscular ring at the cardiac and the pyloric orifice. On the middle of the pyloric part, there have an incrassate circular band. The oblique muscular fibers are continuous with those of the esophagus at the cardiac incisure. Then, some fibers spread along both sides of the lesser gastric curvature. Other distribute in the gastric fundus and the gastric body.
The most surfaces of stomach in dog are mainly coated with the longitudinal muscle. But on the lesser gastric curvature, the longitudinal muscular fibers are thinly scattered or scarcely to be found. On the upper part of the facies diaphragmatica, muscular fibers of the gastric body accumulate and spread with the radiation distribution to the whole gastric body. On the pyloric part, the longitudinal muscular fibers become thicker and form a complete layer. As the gastric fundus of the dog is small, the circular muscular fibers distribute almost the whole stomach. At the pyloric orifice, the circular muscular fibers become thicker and stronger than at other points, and then form the pyloric sphincter. On the middle of the pyloric part, the circular muscular fibers are gathered into a thick bundle, which meet with the pyloric sphincter at the lesser gastric curvature. The oblique muscular fibers are continuous with those of the esophagus at the cardiac incisure. Parts spread along both sides of the lesser gastric curvature and turn to the greater gastric curvature at the angular incisure. Others are with rings distribution surrounding the gastric fundus and the gastric body, and then blend with the circular fibers on the middle of the gastric body.
The most range of stomach in pig is covered with the longitudinal muscular fibers. On the lower gastric body, longitudinal muscular fibers are thinly scattered or scarcely to be found. The incrassate longitudinal muscular fibers cover the most range of the pyloric part except the lesser gastric curvature. The circular muscular fibers spread from the cardia to the pylorus. Between the cardia and the angular incisure, the circular muscular fibers comprise the superficial layer (which spread to the anterior part of the gastric body and the gastric fundus except the gastric diverticulum) and the deep layer (which distribute on the whole gastric body). At the lesser gastric curvature side of the pyloric orifice, the circular muscular fibers are gathered, and then form the torus pyloricus. The oblique muscular fibers are continuous with those of the esophagus at the cardiac incisure. Then parts spread along both sides of the lesser gastric curvature and end below the angular incisure. Others are with rings distribution surrounding the gastric fundus and the gastric body.
引文
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