面向决策支持的公路交通信息服务系统研究
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摘要
公路交通信息服务系统是智能交通系统(ITS)的重要组成部分之一,它通过有效的利用各种交通信息资源,不仅可以使出行者的出行行为更加科学性,同时也可以提高公路管理水平和交通设施的利用效率,将产生直接的经济效益和间接的社会效益。
而随着信息化进程的不断迈进,科学决策渐渐成为交通信息服务追求的首要目标,通过对多渠道来源的交通数据进行集成、融合、加工处理,生成满足相关部门业务需求和出行者需求的信息,为其科学决策提供支持。
本文在充分认识到信息服务系统重要性和我国的公路信息化发展中存在的问题的基础上,对面向决策支持的公路交通信息服务系统进行了深入研究。首先从系统分析入手,通过对系统信息组成分析、系统信息需求分析、系统功能分析、系统框架分析、系统子系统分析等五方面对该系统进行了分析;然后在系统分析的基础上,进行了系统设计,主要从软件设计、硬件设计和安全性设计三方面。在该系统系统分析和系统设计的基础上,本文重点对系统实施中的关键技术进行了研究。本文选取了公路出行者、公路管理者两大服务主体,分别进行了决策模型的研究。在针对公路出行者出行路线选择决策模型的研究中,本文通过改进的层次分析法确定了出行路线质量的影响因素及权重,然后建立了模糊综合评判方法的出行路线选择决策模型,并通过实例进行了验证;在针对高速公路管理者的交通流诱导决策模型研究中,针对不同的交通流状态,设计了不同的交通流诱导方案,并设计了诱导方案评价方法,最后通过模拟验证对诱导效果进行了验证。
Information sciences and technology, which are the representative of the high-tech development affected industries and economic development of one country. Traffic information is an important performance, and it injected new vitality into the rapid development of highway and urban road construction. As an important part of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), information service system is necessary for transport construction .For travelers, it may help them make good use of the optimal mode and route, and for managers, they are able to take effective actions to traffic management, based on accurate、sufficient and timely information. Thereby the intelligent information service system reduced the travel cost, enhanced the use of transport facilities and improved the traffic running. All these made direct economic benefits and indirect social benefits.
This paper focused on the transportation intelligent information service system of highway orient to support, and it is divided into six chapters by the total:
Chapter 1: Introduction
First it introduced the research background, and analyzed the highway information construction at home and abroad; secondly it put forward the purpose and significance of this thesis; then the technical lines and main contents of the paper was introduced at last.
Chapter 2: Analysis on the Transportation Information Service System of Highway Orient to Support
First this chapter analyzed the components of traffic flow guidance, and then studied the information needs of drivers and traffic managers. So it built the system framework of information service system, and completed its function design; then a detail analysis was done on the structure and function of its subsystems. These provided a guarantee for the effective conduct of transportation information system.
Chapter 3: Design on the Transportation Information Service System of Highway Orient to Support
Based on the detail analysis of the transportation information service orient to support, this chapter did work on the system design, from the perspective of hardware, software and security design. And this can provide effective theory support to carry out the system.
Chapter 4: Study on route choice decision-making model based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Usually, there are several lines between the origin to the destination, and their traffic flow state, road state , weather state and so on were different from each other. So how to choose an optimal route for travel was important for travelers. This chapter was mainly for one service body of traffic information service system-travelers, and it did specific research on the decision support model of route choice problem. First it used improved AHP method to determine the major factors that impacted the quality of travel routes and their respective weights, secondly, based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, this chapter established a travel route choice decision-making model, and tested it effectiveness through examples.
Chapter 5: Study on traffic flow guidance decision-making model of freeway incident
Reasonable guidance decision-making plays an important part in traffic flow guidance under the freeway incident. This chapter brought forward the mathematical model of traffic flow guidance based on the guidance principle, and made different guidance decision in accordance with traffic demand and the different traffic incident .In the guidance decision development, this chapter took into account the coordination between guidance decision and freeway control programme, as well as the linkage programme of urban traffic and freeway traffic, in order to avoid congestion drift phenomenon. At the same time, the guidance decision evaluation method was also put forward. Finally guidance decisions were verified by simulation under the different traffic conditions.
Chapter 6: Summary and the full text of Outlook
This chapter summarized the entire research process, and put forward the research work that need to be improved on.
而随着信息化进程的不断迈进,科学决策渐渐成为交通信息服务追求的首要目标,通过对多渠道来源的交通数据进行集成、融合、加工处理,生成满足相关部门业务需求和出行者需求的信息,为其科学决策提供支持。
本文在充分认识到信息服务系统重要性和我国的公路信息化发展中存在的问题的基础上,对面向决策支持的公路交通信息服务系统进行了深入研究。首先从系统分析入手,通过对系统信息组成分析、系统信息需求分析、系统功能分析、系统框架分析、系统子系统分析等五方面对该系统进行了分析;然后在系统分析的基础上,进行了系统设计,主要从软件设计、硬件设计和安全性设计三方面。在该系统系统分析和系统设计的基础上,本文重点对系统实施中的关键技术进行了研究。本文选取了公路出行者、公路管理者两大服务主体,分别进行了决策模型的研究。在针对公路出行者出行路线选择决策模型的研究中,本文通过改进的层次分析法确定了出行路线质量的影响因素及权重,然后建立了模糊综合评判方法的出行路线选择决策模型,并通过实例进行了验证;在针对高速公路管理者的交通流诱导决策模型研究中,针对不同的交通流状态,设计了不同的交通流诱导方案,并设计了诱导方案评价方法,最后通过模拟验证对诱导效果进行了验证。
Information sciences and technology, which are the representative of the high-tech development affected industries and economic development of one country. Traffic information is an important performance, and it injected new vitality into the rapid development of highway and urban road construction. As an important part of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), information service system is necessary for transport construction .For travelers, it may help them make good use of the optimal mode and route, and for managers, they are able to take effective actions to traffic management, based on accurate、sufficient and timely information. Thereby the intelligent information service system reduced the travel cost, enhanced the use of transport facilities and improved the traffic running. All these made direct economic benefits and indirect social benefits.
This paper focused on the transportation intelligent information service system of highway orient to support, and it is divided into six chapters by the total:
Chapter 1: Introduction
First it introduced the research background, and analyzed the highway information construction at home and abroad; secondly it put forward the purpose and significance of this thesis; then the technical lines and main contents of the paper was introduced at last.
Chapter 2: Analysis on the Transportation Information Service System of Highway Orient to Support
First this chapter analyzed the components of traffic flow guidance, and then studied the information needs of drivers and traffic managers. So it built the system framework of information service system, and completed its function design; then a detail analysis was done on the structure and function of its subsystems. These provided a guarantee for the effective conduct of transportation information system.
Chapter 3: Design on the Transportation Information Service System of Highway Orient to Support
Based on the detail analysis of the transportation information service orient to support, this chapter did work on the system design, from the perspective of hardware, software and security design. And this can provide effective theory support to carry out the system.
Chapter 4: Study on route choice decision-making model based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
Usually, there are several lines between the origin to the destination, and their traffic flow state, road state , weather state and so on were different from each other. So how to choose an optimal route for travel was important for travelers. This chapter was mainly for one service body of traffic information service system-travelers, and it did specific research on the decision support model of route choice problem. First it used improved AHP method to determine the major factors that impacted the quality of travel routes and their respective weights, secondly, based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, this chapter established a travel route choice decision-making model, and tested it effectiveness through examples.
Chapter 5: Study on traffic flow guidance decision-making model of freeway incident
Reasonable guidance decision-making plays an important part in traffic flow guidance under the freeway incident. This chapter brought forward the mathematical model of traffic flow guidance based on the guidance principle, and made different guidance decision in accordance with traffic demand and the different traffic incident .In the guidance decision development, this chapter took into account the coordination between guidance decision and freeway control programme, as well as the linkage programme of urban traffic and freeway traffic, in order to avoid congestion drift phenomenon. At the same time, the guidance decision evaluation method was also put forward. Finally guidance decisions were verified by simulation under the different traffic conditions.
Chapter 6: Summary and the full text of Outlook
This chapter summarized the entire research process, and put forward the research work that need to be improved on.
引文
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[6] 李昊,余巧平.交通信息服务的关键问题研究[J].交通标准化,2006 年第5 期:43-46.
[7] 杨晓光.中国交通信息信息系统基本框架体系研究[J],公路交通科技,2000年 17 卷 5 期:50-55.
[8] 赵祥模,靳引利,张洋.高速公路监控系统理论及应用[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[9] 张渭军,王华.城市道路最短路径的 Dijkstra 算法优化[J],长安大学学报(自然科学版),2005 年 25 卷 6 期:62-65.
[10] 钟连德,孙小端,陈永胜.高速公路突发事件应急管理系统[J],公路,2006年第 1 期:127-130.
[11] 杨兆升.城市交通流诱导系统[M],中国铁道工业出版社,2004 年 11 月.
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[13] 姜桂艳.道路交通状态判别技术与应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[14] 关积珍.智能化交通信息服务系统建设的探索与实践[J],交通运输系统工程与信息,2002 年 2 卷 2 期:24-31.
[15] 曹伟,孙大跃,高速公路全程信息服务系统的研究[J],纺织高校基础科学学报,2002 年 15 卷 3 期:201-204.
[16] 余志文,申辉军.基于 ActiveX 的 WebGIS 实现技术[J].测绘通报,2003,(2):54.
[17] 朱伟权.山东省公路网信息管理系统设计和最短路径问题研究[D],吉林大学,2007 年 6 月.
[18]曹倩霞.基于 GIS 的交通信息服务系统研究[J],企业技术开发,2007 年第26 卷第 5 期:15-17.
[19]Jeffery D.Ullman,Jennifer Widom.A Fist Course In DatabaseSystem [M].PRENTICEHALL Press,1997.
[20] 悦胜利,赵霁.公路交通信息系统数据库设计[J],东南大学学报, 1997 年27 卷 1 期:139-141.
[21] 于春全.北京市道路交通流实时动态信息系统的研究[J],交通运输系统工程与信息,2002 年 2 卷 3 期:22-28.
[22] 毕新华,李松.管理信息系统原理与方法[M],电子工业出版社,2003,第一版:123-129.
[23] 华英,胡一闻.移动互联网技术及应用[M],人民邮电出版社,2001.
[24] 王彦新.吉林省共用物流信息平台系统分析与设计[D],吉林大学,2007.
[25] 林叔荣. 信息决策理论及其应用[M]. 厦门:厦门大学出版社,1990.
[26] 赵焕成,徐树伯,何金生.层次分析方法[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1996.
[27] 沈小燕.道路危险货物运输企业安全评价研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006.
[28]马农乐,赵中极.基于层次分析法及其改进对确定权重系数的分析[J],2006 年 12 卷 11 期:732-733.
[29]林震,杨浩.交通信息服务条件下的出行选择分析[J],中国公路学报,2003年第 16 卷 1 期:87-90.
[30] SPYRIDAKIS J , BARFIELD W , CONQUEST L , et al.Surveying commuter behavior:designing motorist information systems [J]. Transportation Research,1991,25(1):17-30.
[31] 李士勇. 工程模糊数学[M]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2004 年 6月.
[32]马项宇,范跃华.基于模糊理论的专家系统推理模型的设计与实现[J],西安工业学院学报,2003 年第 23 卷第 1 期:51-56.
[33] 张俊友.高速公路交通控制与诱导方法的研究[D],中国农业大学,2005 年6 月.
[34]傅德勇.高速公路全程监控诱导系统技术方案探讨[J],中国交通信息产业,2007 年第 10 期.
[35] 蔡志理.高速公路交通事件检测及交通疏导技术研究[D],吉林大学,2007.
[36] Lixia Bao,Zhaosheng Yang ,Xinjie Liu and Xin Chen, Integration Opportunity Analysis of UTCS and UTGS Based on the Dynamic Speed Model[J], Proceedings of ICTTS 2006.
[37] 徐学才.高速公路事件管理系统设计及算法实现[D],西南交通大学,2004年 6 月.
[38] WeymannJ.Optimization of traffic dynamic route guidance with drivers’ reactions in a queue based model,IEEE Trans.on SMC,1995,,25(7):1161-1165.
[39]赵怀柏. 城市快速路和高速公路的联动诱导方案[J],中国交通信息产业,2006 年 12 期:81-84.
[40] 姜桂艳,郑祖舵,白竹,赵佳琪,代磊磊.交通拥挤漂移的形成机理与预防技术,交通运输工程学报,2007 年 04 期:93-97.
[41] 陈华.Scilab 与 Matlab 在数据拟合方面的性能比较[J],计算机应用于软件,2005 年 22 卷 6 期:140-141.
[2] 顾敬岩.日本、韩国公众出行交通信息服务系统[J],中国交通信息产业,2006 年 02 期:20-23.
[3] Apostolos Kotsialos, Markos Papageorgious,Morgan Mangeas,Habib Haj-Salem,Coordinated and integrated control of motorway networks via non-linear optimal control[J],Transportation Research Part C 10(2002)65-84.
[4] 李兴林.公路交通出行信息服务系统的建设[J],2008 年 01 期:34-36.
[5] 王炼,孙艳,伯绍波,何凌.面向决策支持的交通运输信息平台研究[J],交通科技,2007 年第 1 期:81-83.
[6] 李昊,余巧平.交通信息服务的关键问题研究[J].交通标准化,2006 年第5 期:43-46.
[7] 杨晓光.中国交通信息信息系统基本框架体系研究[J],公路交通科技,2000年 17 卷 5 期:50-55.
[8] 赵祥模,靳引利,张洋.高速公路监控系统理论及应用[M],北京:电子工业出版社,2003.
[9] 张渭军,王华.城市道路最短路径的 Dijkstra 算法优化[J],长安大学学报(自然科学版),2005 年 25 卷 6 期:62-65.
[10] 钟连德,孙小端,陈永胜.高速公路突发事件应急管理系统[J],公路,2006年第 1 期:127-130.
[11] 杨兆升.城市交通流诱导系统[M],中国铁道工业出版社,2004 年 11 月.
[12] 任乐,陈贻胜.上海市城市交通信息化决策支持体系研究[J],交通与运输,2006 年 12 期:62-65.
[13] 姜桂艳.道路交通状态判别技术与应用[M].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[14] 关积珍.智能化交通信息服务系统建设的探索与实践[J],交通运输系统工程与信息,2002 年 2 卷 2 期:24-31.
[15] 曹伟,孙大跃,高速公路全程信息服务系统的研究[J],纺织高校基础科学学报,2002 年 15 卷 3 期:201-204.
[16] 余志文,申辉军.基于 ActiveX 的 WebGIS 实现技术[J].测绘通报,2003,(2):54.
[17] 朱伟权.山东省公路网信息管理系统设计和最短路径问题研究[D],吉林大学,2007 年 6 月.
[18]曹倩霞.基于 GIS 的交通信息服务系统研究[J],企业技术开发,2007 年第26 卷第 5 期:15-17.
[19]Jeffery D.Ullman,Jennifer Widom.A Fist Course In DatabaseSystem [M].PRENTICEHALL Press,1997.
[20] 悦胜利,赵霁.公路交通信息系统数据库设计[J],东南大学学报, 1997 年27 卷 1 期:139-141.
[21] 于春全.北京市道路交通流实时动态信息系统的研究[J],交通运输系统工程与信息,2002 年 2 卷 3 期:22-28.
[22] 毕新华,李松.管理信息系统原理与方法[M],电子工业出版社,2003,第一版:123-129.
[23] 华英,胡一闻.移动互联网技术及应用[M],人民邮电出版社,2001.
[24] 王彦新.吉林省共用物流信息平台系统分析与设计[D],吉林大学,2007.
[25] 林叔荣. 信息决策理论及其应用[M]. 厦门:厦门大学出版社,1990.
[26] 赵焕成,徐树伯,何金生.层次分析方法[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1996.
[27] 沈小燕.道路危险货物运输企业安全评价研究[D].西安:长安大学,2006.
[28]马农乐,赵中极.基于层次分析法及其改进对确定权重系数的分析[J],2006 年 12 卷 11 期:732-733.
[29]林震,杨浩.交通信息服务条件下的出行选择分析[J],中国公路学报,2003年第 16 卷 1 期:87-90.
[30] SPYRIDAKIS J , BARFIELD W , CONQUEST L , et al.Surveying commuter behavior:designing motorist information systems [J]. Transportation Research,1991,25(1):17-30.
[31] 李士勇. 工程模糊数学[M]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2004 年 6月.
[32]马项宇,范跃华.基于模糊理论的专家系统推理模型的设计与实现[J],西安工业学院学报,2003 年第 23 卷第 1 期:51-56.
[33] 张俊友.高速公路交通控制与诱导方法的研究[D],中国农业大学,2005 年6 月.
[34]傅德勇.高速公路全程监控诱导系统技术方案探讨[J],中国交通信息产业,2007 年第 10 期.
[35] 蔡志理.高速公路交通事件检测及交通疏导技术研究[D],吉林大学,2007.
[36] Lixia Bao,Zhaosheng Yang ,Xinjie Liu and Xin Chen, Integration Opportunity Analysis of UTCS and UTGS Based on the Dynamic Speed Model[J], Proceedings of ICTTS 2006.
[37] 徐学才.高速公路事件管理系统设计及算法实现[D],西南交通大学,2004年 6 月.
[38] WeymannJ.Optimization of traffic dynamic route guidance with drivers’ reactions in a queue based model,IEEE Trans.on SMC,1995,,25(7):1161-1165.
[39]赵怀柏. 城市快速路和高速公路的联动诱导方案[J],中国交通信息产业,2006 年 12 期:81-84.
[40] 姜桂艳,郑祖舵,白竹,赵佳琪,代磊磊.交通拥挤漂移的形成机理与预防技术,交通运输工程学报,2007 年 04 期:93-97.
[41] 陈华.Scilab 与 Matlab 在数据拟合方面的性能比较[J],计算机应用于软件,2005 年 22 卷 6 期:140-141.