轰炸机光电对抗仿真技术研究
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摘要
随着计算机技术、系统仿真技术与虚拟现实技术的发展，轰炸机光电对抗仿真技术取得了越来越广泛的应用。论文对轰炸机光电对抗技术进行了分析，研究了视景仿真、虚拟现实、分布交互仿真技术在轰炸机光电对抗仿真中的应用。论文主要研究工作包括以下内容：
1．研究了轰炸机的运动学、动力学模型，轰炸机红外目标辐射模型与雷达散射截面积(Radar Cross Section,RCS)模型。研究了红外制导导弹与雷达制导导弹的运动学与动力学模型。在此基础上论文构建了典型的轰炸机与导弹运动学与动力学仿真模型。导引律采用典型的比例导引与三点法导引。在构建仿真模型时，考虑到主要进行的是光电对抗的仿真研究，对轰炸机与导弹的动力学与运动学模型在满足仿真条件的情况下进行了简化。由于软件最终还需要用户进行扩充，在现阶段对于轰炸机红外目标辐射模型与雷达散射截面积模型只需采用简单的形式。
2．研究了红外干扰弹的运动学、动力学及干扰机理模型。研究了红外干扰机的干扰机理模型。研究了烟幕对红外制导导弹的干扰模型。研究了箔条弹的干扰机理模型。在此基础上根据红外干扰弹投放后不同阶段的特性构建了仿真模型。针对点源制导与成像制导分别建立了干扰仿真模型。构建了干扰机对典型红外导引头的干扰模型。通过对烟幕特性与干扰能力的分析，建立了烟幕干扰的仿真模型。通过对箔条弹运动过程以及箔条丝动力学与运动学的分析。建立了箔条弹干扰仿真模型。
3．对轰炸机光电对抗系统仿真进行了研究。建立了仿真软件的结构与框架，对软件的各个模块进行了研究。提出了通过嵌入Tcl等脚本语言的解释器，利用脚本语言编写对抗策略的方法。
4．研究了视景仿真与虚拟现实的相关技术，分别对利用VRML，Java3D，OpenGVS，WildTangent开发轰炸机光电对抗仿真软件的方法进行了研究。利用OpenGVS为轰炸机光电对抗仿真软件开发了飞行仿真模块。
5．对数值分析软件的扩展技术进行了研究。并利用VRML对MATLAB进行了可视化输出的扩展。更进一步利用C++ Builder 5.0结合MATLAB Runtime Server与VRML建立了光电对抗仿真系统。对Scilab下的Scicos
中文摘要
进行了探讨，研究了基于仿真框图的可视化仿真结果输出。
6.对分布交互仿真进行了探讨，对高层体系结构进行了研究。给出了采用
HLA思想建立光电对抗仿真环境的方法。
Bomber electro-optic countermeasure simulation technology has been greatly broadening its application with the help of the progress in system simulation technology and virtual reality technology. Bomber electro-optic countermeasure technology is analized and the application of visual simulation, virtual reality, and distributed in-teracive simulation technology in bomber electro-optic countermeasure simulation is studied. The main contents are summarized below.
1. The kinematics model, kinetics model, infrared radiation model and radar cross section model of bomer and the kinematics and kinetics of infrared guided missile and radar guided missile are studied. On the basis of these studies kinematics and kinetics simulation model of bomber and missile are constructed. A reduction of kinematics and kinetics is made without conflicting the qualification of simulation during constructing simulation models considering the central task is the electro-optic countermeasure simulation. Only a fundamental model for infrared radiation and radar cross section of bomber is needed at this stage because the software needs a kind of expansion by users.
2. The kinematics, kinetics and countermeasure model of infrared countermeasure flare and the countermeasure model of directed infrared countermeasures system and the countermeasure model of smoke generator's countering infrared guided missile and the countermeasure model of radar countermeasure chaff are studied. On the basis of these study, a simulation model is constructed considering different characters of a flare during different periods after its being dispensed. Countermeasure models of infrared guidance and imaging infrared guidance are constructed respectively. A model for countermeasure between countermeasure system and infrared seeker is constructed. The character and capability for countermeasure of smoke is analyzed. A model for smoke countermeasure simulation is constructed. Analyses of cartridge movement and kinematics and kinetics of chaff are made. A model for chaff countermeasure simulation is constructed.
3. Research in system simulation for bomber electro-optic countermeasure technology is conducted. Software structure and architecture are constructed and every
module of it is thoroughly studied. A method for development is presented which is to use script language such as Tel as a tool to write countermeasure strategy by embedding a script language interpreter in simulation software.
4. Visual simulation and virtual reality related technology is studied. How to develop bomber electro-optic countermeasure simulation software in VRML, Java3D, OpenGVS and WildTangent is studied. Flight simulation module of the bomber electro-optic countermeasure software is developed with OpenGVS.
5. Numerical analysis software expansion technology is studied. Visual output expansion to MATLAB is established by introducing VRML. As a further progress a electro-optic countermeasure simulation system is constructed by using C++ Builder 5.0 combined with MATLAB Runtime Server and VRML. Research for visual simulation output on the basis of simulation diagram is conducted by discussing Scicos toolbox in Scilab.
6. Considering distributed interactive simulation technology, High level architech-ture(HLA) is studied. Establishing electro-optic countermeasure simulation environment according to HLA is analyzed.
1．研究了轰炸机的运动学、动力学模型，轰炸机红外目标辐射模型与雷达散射截面积(Radar Cross Section,RCS)模型。研究了红外制导导弹与雷达制导导弹的运动学与动力学模型。在此基础上论文构建了典型的轰炸机与导弹运动学与动力学仿真模型。导引律采用典型的比例导引与三点法导引。在构建仿真模型时，考虑到主要进行的是光电对抗的仿真研究，对轰炸机与导弹的动力学与运动学模型在满足仿真条件的情况下进行了简化。由于软件最终还需要用户进行扩充，在现阶段对于轰炸机红外目标辐射模型与雷达散射截面积模型只需采用简单的形式。
2．研究了红外干扰弹的运动学、动力学及干扰机理模型。研究了红外干扰机的干扰机理模型。研究了烟幕对红外制导导弹的干扰模型。研究了箔条弹的干扰机理模型。在此基础上根据红外干扰弹投放后不同阶段的特性构建了仿真模型。针对点源制导与成像制导分别建立了干扰仿真模型。构建了干扰机对典型红外导引头的干扰模型。通过对烟幕特性与干扰能力的分析，建立了烟幕干扰的仿真模型。通过对箔条弹运动过程以及箔条丝动力学与运动学的分析。建立了箔条弹干扰仿真模型。
3．对轰炸机光电对抗系统仿真进行了研究。建立了仿真软件的结构与框架，对软件的各个模块进行了研究。提出了通过嵌入Tcl等脚本语言的解释器，利用脚本语言编写对抗策略的方法。
4．研究了视景仿真与虚拟现实的相关技术，分别对利用VRML，Java3D，OpenGVS，WildTangent开发轰炸机光电对抗仿真软件的方法进行了研究。利用OpenGVS为轰炸机光电对抗仿真软件开发了飞行仿真模块。
5．对数值分析软件的扩展技术进行了研究。并利用VRML对MATLAB进行了可视化输出的扩展。更进一步利用C++ Builder 5.0结合MATLAB Runtime Server与VRML建立了光电对抗仿真系统。对Scilab下的Scicos
中文摘要
进行了探讨，研究了基于仿真框图的可视化仿真结果输出。
6.对分布交互仿真进行了探讨，对高层体系结构进行了研究。给出了采用
HLA思想建立光电对抗仿真环境的方法。
Bomber electro-optic countermeasure simulation technology has been greatly broadening its application with the help of the progress in system simulation technology and virtual reality technology. Bomber electro-optic countermeasure technology is analized and the application of visual simulation, virtual reality, and distributed in-teracive simulation technology in bomber electro-optic countermeasure simulation is studied. The main contents are summarized below.
1. The kinematics model, kinetics model, infrared radiation model and radar cross section model of bomer and the kinematics and kinetics of infrared guided missile and radar guided missile are studied. On the basis of these studies kinematics and kinetics simulation model of bomber and missile are constructed. A reduction of kinematics and kinetics is made without conflicting the qualification of simulation during constructing simulation models considering the central task is the electro-optic countermeasure simulation. Only a fundamental model for infrared radiation and radar cross section of bomber is needed at this stage because the software needs a kind of expansion by users.
2. The kinematics, kinetics and countermeasure model of infrared countermeasure flare and the countermeasure model of directed infrared countermeasures system and the countermeasure model of smoke generator's countering infrared guided missile and the countermeasure model of radar countermeasure chaff are studied. On the basis of these study, a simulation model is constructed considering different characters of a flare during different periods after its being dispensed. Countermeasure models of infrared guidance and imaging infrared guidance are constructed respectively. A model for countermeasure between countermeasure system and infrared seeker is constructed. The character and capability for countermeasure of smoke is analyzed. A model for smoke countermeasure simulation is constructed. Analyses of cartridge movement and kinematics and kinetics of chaff are made. A model for chaff countermeasure simulation is constructed.
3. Research in system simulation for bomber electro-optic countermeasure technology is conducted. Software structure and architecture are constructed and every
module of it is thoroughly studied. A method for development is presented which is to use script language such as Tel as a tool to write countermeasure strategy by embedding a script language interpreter in simulation software.
4. Visual simulation and virtual reality related technology is studied. How to develop bomber electro-optic countermeasure simulation software in VRML, Java3D, OpenGVS and WildTangent is studied. Flight simulation module of the bomber electro-optic countermeasure software is developed with OpenGVS.
5. Numerical analysis software expansion technology is studied. Visual output expansion to MATLAB is established by introducing VRML. As a further progress a electro-optic countermeasure simulation system is constructed by using C++ Builder 5.0 combined with MATLAB Runtime Server and VRML. Research for visual simulation output on the basis of simulation diagram is conducted by discussing Scicos toolbox in Scilab.
6. Considering distributed interactive simulation technology, High level architech-ture(HLA) is studied. Establishing electro-optic countermeasure simulation environment according to HLA is analyzed.
引文
[1] MATLAB Runtime Server—Application Developer's Guide Version 6. The MathWorks, Inc.
[2] Open Source in The Lab. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/1-oslab/.
[3] OpenGVS Programming Guide. Quantum3D, Inc.
[4] RTI 1.3-Next Generation Programmer's Guide Version 5. Department of Defense Defense Modeling and Simulation Office.
[5] The Virtual Reality Modeling Language. International Standard ISO/IEC 14772-1:1997.
[6] 杨宜乐，岳敏．红外系统．北京：国防工业出版社，1985．
[7] 许耀昌．用VRML建立网上三维世界．中国图象图形学报，(11)，1997．
[8] 潘卫国．红外干扰机的现状与发展．红外技术，19(6)，1997．9．
[9] 李伯虎，柴旭东．信息时代的仿真软件．系统仿真学报，11(5)，1999．10．
[10] 庄振明．科索沃战争中光电武器装备使用和光电对抗情况简述．飞航导弹，(08)，2000．
[11] 卢惠民，金晓明．运输型飞机飞行仿真模拟．上海铁道大学学报，21(6)，2000．6．
[12] 叶盛祥，谢德林，杨虎，张孟伟，徐智勇．光电对抗技术．光电工程(01)，2001．
[13] 赵炜渝．光电对抗仿真试验技术．红外与激光工程(03)，2001．
[14] 吴家铸，党岗，刘华峰，程治全，阳明．视景仿真技术及应用．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2001．
[15] 康凤举．现代仿真技术与应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2001．
[16] 徐昌伟，侯朝桢，谢东亮，王瑛．基于DIS的分布式视景仿真实现．北京理工大学学报，(03)，2001．
[17] 徐振东，王洁莹，郑宏，战守义．仿真应用中的高级体系结构HLA及其关键技术综述．计算机仿真，(03)，2001．
[18] 汪朝群．红外诱饵对红外制导导弹的干扰特性及仿真．红外与激光工程，30(4)，2001．8．
[19] 王海燕．光电对抗技术和装备的现状及未来．舰船科学技术，(04)，2002．
[20] 黄泽贵，胡国平．光电对抗新技术的应用与展望．电子对抗技术，(04)，2002．
[21] 孙柏林，靳大安．外军建模与仿真综述．计算机仿真，(01)，2002．
[22] 苏虎，周美玉．面向对象的实时三维视景仿真系统的实现．计算机工程与应用，(06)，2002．
[23] 王军，高教波，马玲，蒋鹏．红外诱饵的辐射特性及在光电对抗系统中的作用．应用光学，(04)，2002．
[24] 许波，时家明，汪家春，袁忠才．光电对抗中的烟幕技术．弹箭与制导学报(02)，2002．
[25] 周彦，戴剑伟．HLA仿真程序设计．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．
[26] 刘庆鸿，陈德源，王子才．建模与仿真校核、验证与确认综述．系统仿真学报，(07)，2003．
[27] 栾悉道，谢毓湘，吴玲达，宋玉强，农海斌．虚拟现实技术在军事中的新应用．系统仿真学报，(04)．2003．
[28] 赵刚，张晓林．基于虚拟现实技术的无人直升机实时监控系统．北京航空航天大学学报(04)，2003．
[29] 徐明友，丁松滨．飞行动力学．北京：科学出版社，2003．
[30] 邢超，张科，李言俊．CORBA与UDP结合实现远程自动控制实验．计算机应用研究2003精华本(下)．
[31] 石剑琛，汪厚祥，李卉．HLA仿真程序设计综述．舰船电子工程(04)，2003．
[32] 常青，邢超。李言俊．基于MATLAB／Simulink的交互式实时仿真．计算机工程与应用，(24)，2003．
[33] 刘志远．VRML与Java的交互及在化工仿真界面中的应用．微型机与应用，(05)，2003．
[34] 金志刚，罗咏梅．基于WWW的仿真软件JRTSS．计算机仿真，16(2)，2003．4．
[35] Dennis J Bouvier. Getting Started with the Java 3D API. Sun Microsystems, Inc.
[36] Scilab Group. INTERSCI— A Scilab interfacing tool. INRIA Meta2 Project/ENPC Cergrene.
[37] Scilab Group. Introduction to Scilab— User's Guide. INRIA Meta2 Project/ENPC Cergrene.
[38] Scilab Group. SCILAB REFERENCE MANUAL. INRIA Meta2 Project/ENPC Cergrene.
[39] R. Nikoukhah and S. Steer. SCICOS— A Dynamic System Builder and Simulator User's Guide. INRIA Meta2 Project/ENPC Cergrene.
[40] Daniel Sobral and Ana Paiva. VirtAct:The Quest for Balance. http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/586609.html.
[41] Henry A. Sowizral and Michael F.Deering. The Java3D API and Virtual Reality. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, (6), 1999.
[2] Open Source in The Lab. http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/linux/library/1-oslab/.
[3] OpenGVS Programming Guide. Quantum3D, Inc.
[4] RTI 1.3-Next Generation Programmer's Guide Version 5. Department of Defense Defense Modeling and Simulation Office.
[5] The Virtual Reality Modeling Language. International Standard ISO/IEC 14772-1:1997.
[6] 杨宜乐，岳敏．红外系统．北京：国防工业出版社，1985．
[7] 许耀昌．用VRML建立网上三维世界．中国图象图形学报，(11)，1997．
[8] 潘卫国．红外干扰机的现状与发展．红外技术，19(6)，1997．9．
[9] 李伯虎，柴旭东．信息时代的仿真软件．系统仿真学报，11(5)，1999．10．
[10] 庄振明．科索沃战争中光电武器装备使用和光电对抗情况简述．飞航导弹，(08)，2000．
[11] 卢惠民，金晓明．运输型飞机飞行仿真模拟．上海铁道大学学报，21(6)，2000．6．
[12] 叶盛祥，谢德林，杨虎，张孟伟，徐智勇．光电对抗技术．光电工程(01)，2001．
[13] 赵炜渝．光电对抗仿真试验技术．红外与激光工程(03)，2001．
[14] 吴家铸，党岗，刘华峰，程治全，阳明．视景仿真技术及应用．西安：西安电子科技大学出版社，2001．
[15] 康凤举．现代仿真技术与应用．北京：国防工业出版社，2001．
[16] 徐昌伟，侯朝桢，谢东亮，王瑛．基于DIS的分布式视景仿真实现．北京理工大学学报，(03)，2001．
[17] 徐振东，王洁莹，郑宏，战守义．仿真应用中的高级体系结构HLA及其关键技术综述．计算机仿真，(03)，2001．
[18] 汪朝群．红外诱饵对红外制导导弹的干扰特性及仿真．红外与激光工程，30(4)，2001．8．
[19] 王海燕．光电对抗技术和装备的现状及未来．舰船科学技术，(04)，2002．
[20] 黄泽贵，胡国平．光电对抗新技术的应用与展望．电子对抗技术，(04)，2002．
[21] 孙柏林，靳大安．外军建模与仿真综述．计算机仿真，(01)，2002．
[22] 苏虎，周美玉．面向对象的实时三维视景仿真系统的实现．计算机工程与应用，(06)，2002．
[23] 王军，高教波，马玲，蒋鹏．红外诱饵的辐射特性及在光电对抗系统中的作用．应用光学，(04)，2002．
[24] 许波，时家明，汪家春，袁忠才．光电对抗中的烟幕技术．弹箭与制导学报(02)，2002．
[25] 周彦，戴剑伟．HLA仿真程序设计．北京：电子工业出版社，2002．
[26] 刘庆鸿，陈德源，王子才．建模与仿真校核、验证与确认综述．系统仿真学报，(07)，2003．
[27] 栾悉道，谢毓湘，吴玲达，宋玉强，农海斌．虚拟现实技术在军事中的新应用．系统仿真学报，(04)．2003．
[28] 赵刚，张晓林．基于虚拟现实技术的无人直升机实时监控系统．北京航空航天大学学报(04)，2003．
[29] 徐明友，丁松滨．飞行动力学．北京：科学出版社，2003．
[30] 邢超，张科，李言俊．CORBA与UDP结合实现远程自动控制实验．计算机应用研究2003精华本(下)．
[31] 石剑琛，汪厚祥，李卉．HLA仿真程序设计综述．舰船电子工程(04)，2003．
[32] 常青，邢超。李言俊．基于MATLAB／Simulink的交互式实时仿真．计算机工程与应用，(24)，2003．
[33] 刘志远．VRML与Java的交互及在化工仿真界面中的应用．微型机与应用，(05)，2003．
[34] 金志刚，罗咏梅．基于WWW的仿真软件JRTSS．计算机仿真，16(2)，2003．4．
[35] Dennis J Bouvier. Getting Started with the Java 3D API. Sun Microsystems, Inc.
[36] Scilab Group. INTERSCI— A Scilab interfacing tool. INRIA Meta2 Project/ENPC Cergrene.
[37] Scilab Group. Introduction to Scilab— User's Guide. INRIA Meta2 Project/ENPC Cergrene.
[38] Scilab Group. SCILAB REFERENCE MANUAL. INRIA Meta2 Project/ENPC Cergrene.
[39] R. Nikoukhah and S. Steer. SCICOS— A Dynamic System Builder and Simulator User's Guide. INRIA Meta2 Project/ENPC Cergrene.
[40] Daniel Sobral and Ana Paiva. VirtAct:The Quest for Balance. http://citeseer.nj.nec.com/586609.html.
[41] Henry A. Sowizral and Michael F.Deering. The Java3D API and Virtual Reality. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, (6), 1999.