SCR脱硝反应器入口烟道流场模拟研究
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摘要
随着我国对氮氧化物(NOx)排放标准的提高,以燃煤为主的火电厂如何减少氮氧化物的排放越来越受到重视。在众多的脱硝方法中,选择性催化还原(SCR)烟气脱硝技术具有脱硝效率高、运行可靠、无副产物、装置结构简单等优点,在世界上得到了广泛的应用。近年来,对SCR脱硝技术的研究主要集中在脱硝反应器流场优化和催化剂的研发上,如何提高脱硝效率,延长催化剂的寿命等相关问题是研究的热点。随着计算流体力学和计算机技术的发展,利用高效、便捷的计算流体力学软件对SCR脱硝系统进行数值模拟仿真,可以为脱硝反应器烟道、导流板及喷射系统的设计和改进提供重要参数。
本文以某电厂600 MW机组所配置的SCR烟气脱硝装置为研究对象,利用FLUENT流体力学数值计算软件,对SCR反应器入口烟道流场进行了数值仿真计算。主要研究内容如下：通过对SCR反应器入口烟道流场的数值模拟,分析了不同数量的导流板时入口烟道流场分布,结果表明随着导流板数量的增加,入口烟道流场变得更均匀,但导流板数量的增加给SCR反应器带来更大的压降；当导流板的分布到一定程度后,导流板数量的增加对入口烟道流场的改善变得非常微弱。通过分析喷射格栅对入口烟道流场的影响,结果表明构成喷射格栅的管路对烟道流场有改善作用,且双层管路排布的喷射格栅比单层管路的作用更好。通过对入口烟道内烟气与还原剂混合的数值模拟,结果表明通过对喷嘴分区并设定不同的喷射速度,可以很好的改善烟气与还原剂的混合,且单层管路的喷射格栅比双层管路更有利于烟气与还原剂的分布。
With nitrogen oxides(NOx) emission standards to be more stringent, it attracts more and more attention to reduce nitrogen oxides from coal-fired power plants. The selective catalytic reduction(SCR) technology for flue gas has been used widely in power plants all over the world, which has the advantage of the high denitration efficiency, reliability service, no by-products, simple device, and so on. In recent years, the research on SCR DeNOx technology mainly focuses on the optimization of flow field of SCR and the preparation of catalyst. Research focus is how to improve denitration efficiency, extend the life of the catalyst, and so on. With the development of computational fluid dynamics and computer technology, we can simulate SCR DeNOx system using of efficient, convenient computational fluid dynamics software. The results can provide important parameters for the design and improvement of flue, guide vanes and the injection system.
Using computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT, the flow field of the entrance flue of SCR in a 600MW power plant unit is simulated in this paper. The main research contents and results are as follows. The flow field of the entrance flue of SCR is simulated when the number of guide vanes is different. The results show that with the increase of the number of guide vanes, the flow field of flue becomes more uniform and the pressure drop is greater. Meantime, the effect of guide vanes becomes weak when the distribution of guide vanes gets to a certain extent. The role of injection grid to the flow field of flue is analyzed, the results show that injection grid pipings can improve the flow field of flue and the role of double-pipe arrangement is better than single pipeline. The mixing of flue gas and reducing agent in entrance flue of SCR is numerical simulated. The results show that it can improve the mixing and the concentration distribution of flue gas and reducing agent in the flue by dividing the nozzles as different areas and setting different injection speeds. Moreover, single-pipeline in the injection grid is more beneficial to the distribution of flue gas and reducing agent than double-pipelines.
本文以某电厂600 MW机组所配置的SCR烟气脱硝装置为研究对象,利用FLUENT流体力学数值计算软件,对SCR反应器入口烟道流场进行了数值仿真计算。主要研究内容如下：通过对SCR反应器入口烟道流场的数值模拟,分析了不同数量的导流板时入口烟道流场分布,结果表明随着导流板数量的增加,入口烟道流场变得更均匀,但导流板数量的增加给SCR反应器带来更大的压降；当导流板的分布到一定程度后,导流板数量的增加对入口烟道流场的改善变得非常微弱。通过分析喷射格栅对入口烟道流场的影响,结果表明构成喷射格栅的管路对烟道流场有改善作用,且双层管路排布的喷射格栅比单层管路的作用更好。通过对入口烟道内烟气与还原剂混合的数值模拟,结果表明通过对喷嘴分区并设定不同的喷射速度,可以很好的改善烟气与还原剂的混合,且单层管路的喷射格栅比双层管路更有利于烟气与还原剂的分布。
With nitrogen oxides(NOx) emission standards to be more stringent, it attracts more and more attention to reduce nitrogen oxides from coal-fired power plants. The selective catalytic reduction(SCR) technology for flue gas has been used widely in power plants all over the world, which has the advantage of the high denitration efficiency, reliability service, no by-products, simple device, and so on. In recent years, the research on SCR DeNOx technology mainly focuses on the optimization of flow field of SCR and the preparation of catalyst. Research focus is how to improve denitration efficiency, extend the life of the catalyst, and so on. With the development of computational fluid dynamics and computer technology, we can simulate SCR DeNOx system using of efficient, convenient computational fluid dynamics software. The results can provide important parameters for the design and improvement of flue, guide vanes and the injection system.
Using computational fluid dynamics software FLUENT, the flow field of the entrance flue of SCR in a 600MW power plant unit is simulated in this paper. The main research contents and results are as follows. The flow field of the entrance flue of SCR is simulated when the number of guide vanes is different. The results show that with the increase of the number of guide vanes, the flow field of flue becomes more uniform and the pressure drop is greater. Meantime, the effect of guide vanes becomes weak when the distribution of guide vanes gets to a certain extent. The role of injection grid to the flow field of flue is analyzed, the results show that injection grid pipings can improve the flow field of flue and the role of double-pipe arrangement is better than single pipeline. The mixing of flue gas and reducing agent in entrance flue of SCR is numerical simulated. The results show that it can improve the mixing and the concentration distribution of flue gas and reducing agent in the flue by dividing the nozzles as different areas and setting different injection speeds. Moreover, single-pipeline in the injection grid is more beneficial to the distribution of flue gas and reducing agent than double-pipelines.
引文
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[4]卢芳.大气中氮氧化物对环境的影响[J].青海师范大学学报,2006(3)：87～89.
[5]熊蔚立,黄伟,张国斌.火电厂氮氧化物(NOx)的危害和防治[J].湖南电力,2002,22(1)：61～63.
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[7]井鹏,岳涛,李晓岩,等.火电厂氮氧化物排放标准、政策分析及研究[J].中国环保产业,2009(4)：19～23.
[8]Srivastava Ravi K, Hall Robert E, Khan Sikander, et al. Nitrogen Oxides Emission Control Options for Coal-Fired Electric Utility Boilers[J]. Air & Waste Management Association, 2005,55:1367～1388.
[9]Muzio L J, Quartucy G C. Implementing NOx Control:Research to Application [J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science,1997(23):233～266.
[10]胡倩,张世秋,吴丹.美国和欧洲氮氧化物控制政策对中国的借鉴意义[J].环境保护,2007,5(A)：74～78.
[11]王志轩.论我国火电厂氮氧化物控制[J].中国电力企业管理,2009(8)：16～19.
[12]郭斌,廖宏楷.我国NOx控制策略探讨[J].广东电力,2009,22(8)：1～4.
[13]王钟,王颖.火电厂烟气脱硝技术探讨[J].吉林电力,2005(6)：1～5.
[14]陈玲霞.SCR脱硝反应器的流动特性及硫酸根对催化剂性能影响的研究[D].东南大学硕士学位论文,2007：1～39.
[15]Forzatti Pio. Present Status and Perspectives in De-NOx SCR Catalysis [J]. Applied Catalysis A:General,2001(222):221～236.
[16]Muzio L J, Quartucy G C, Cichanowicz J E, et al. Overview and Status of Post-Combustion NOx Control:SNCR, SCR and Hybrid Technologies[J]. International Journal of Environment and Pollution,2002,17(2):24～30.
[17]杨冬,徐鸿.SCR脱硝技术及其在燃煤电厂的应用[J].电力环境保护,2007,23(1)：49～51.
[18]俞逾.选择性催化还原系统的建模与仿真[D].重庆大学硕士学位论文,2007：1～34.
[19]Tonn D P, Uysal T A.2200 MW SCR Installation on New Coal-Fired Project[C]. ICAC Forum'98, Durham, North Carolina, USA,1998:1-5.
[20]Busca Guido, Lietti Luca, Ramis Gianguido, et al. Chemical and Mechanistic Aspects of the Selective Catalytic Reduction of by Ammonia over Oxide Catalysts:A Review[J]. Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,1998(18):1-36.
[21]Maxwell J D. Demonstration of SCR Technology to Control Nitrogen Oxide Emissions from High-Sulfur, Coal-Fired Utility Boilers[C]. Fifth Annual Clean Coal Technology Conference, Tampa, Florida,1997:64～67.
[22]钟秦.燃煤烟气脱硫脱硝技术及工程实例[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2002.
[23]赵桂锋,杨文波.SCR脱硝技术概述[J].锅炉制造,2007(2)：41～42.
[24]廖能斌,蒋妮娜.烟气脱硝的SCR技术及其应用[J].中国科技财富,2009(5)：34～35.
[25]廖欲元.阐述SCR法烟气脱硝技术在火电厂的应用[J].广东科技,2009(6)：129～131.
[26]马忠云,陈慧雁,刘振强,等.烟气SCR法脱硝工艺流程的设计与应用[J].电力建设,2008,29(6)：53～56.
[27]李岷.SCR脱NOx效率的主要影响因素浅析[J].黑龙江科技信息,2008(15)：63.
[28]陈海林,宋新南,江海斌,等.SCR脱硝性能影响因素及维护[J].山东建筑大学学报,2008,23(2)：145～149.
[29]李宏伟,钟祚群,于德亭.锅炉脱硝效率影响因素的试验研究[J].电站系统工程,2008,24(5)：68.
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