反萃分散组合液膜分离提取中草药中的生物碱研究
|
摘要
生物碱是一类具有药理活性的含氮碱性化合物,多存在中草药中。因此,从中草药中提取生物碱具有很高的药用价值。液膜分离技术具有简单、高效、快速、选择性高和易于实现自动化等特点,在生物工程、湿法冶金、工业废水中金属离子与有机污染物提取等领域的应用均展示了优越性能。然而,将液膜技术应用于中草药中生物活性成分分离提取的研究报道很少。论文基于克服传统的支撑液膜和乳状液膜的缺陷,对反萃分散组合液膜(SDHLM)分离提取中草药中生物碱开展了研究,并根据生物碱分子具有较大直径的特点,尝试利用热诱导相分离原理成功制备了新型微孔聚丙烯支撑膜,考察了该支撑液膜在黄连生物碱分离提取中的应用。论文具体内容如下：
1.介绍了液膜的发展史及其分离机理与应用,重点阐述了反萃分散组合液膜的特点与应用。
2.以D2EHPA-煤油-HCl的反萃分散组合液膜体系对博落回中的原阿片碱、别隐品碱、血根碱、白屈菜红碱进行了分离提取,在优化的实验条件下,该液膜体系对原阿片碱、别隐品碱、血根碱与白屈菜红碱的渗透系数分别达到了1.66、1.99、2.98与3.06×10-4cm／s,迁移率分别为68%、77%、83%与85%。
3.以D2EHPA-煤油-H2SO4的反萃分散组合液膜体系分离提取了黄连中的药根碱、巴马亭、小檗碱。系统优化后的液膜条件下,药根碱、巴马亭和小檗碱的渗透系数分别达到了4.43、6.09、6.25×104cm／s,迁移率分别达到了90.4%、92.1%、95.3%,取得了很好的分离提取效果。
4.以D2EHPA-煤油-HCl反萃分散组合液膜体系分离提取了延胡索中的延胡索乙素、巴马亭、去氢紫堇碱。在最佳的液膜条件下,这三种生物碱的渗透系数分别达到了3.78、4.91、4.93×10-4 cm／s,迁移率分别达到了87.8%、94.2%、95.7%。实验结果表明延胡索中的生物碱得到了有效地分离提取。
5.以邻二甲苯作为稀释剂、聚乙二醇作为成孔剂,用热诱导相分离法成功制备了性能优越的聚丙烯支撑膜,用扫描电镜、接触角测量仪等对支撑体的表面形态、微孔的孔径分布、疏水性能等方面进行了表征。将制备的支撑膜用于分离提取黄连中的药根碱、巴马亭和小檗碱,取得了很好的提取效果。
Alkaloid is a kind of bio-active compound existed in Chinese medicinal herbs. The separation and extraction of alkaloids are significant. Liquid membrane, as a simple, quick, effective, high-selective and economic separation and extraction technique, has been widely used in the fields of biological engineering, hydrometallurgy, extraction and separation metal ions and organic pollutant from the industrial wastewaters. However, the reports about separation and extraction of active ingredients from Chinese medicinal herbs using liquid membrane are very few due to the complex composition and multiinterferent of the herbs. For overcoming the shortages of the supported liquid membrane and the emulsion liquid membrane, a strip dispersion hybrid liquid membrane (SDHLM) is developed to separate and extract alkaloids in Chinese medicinal herbs. According to the need for transport larger molecule diameter of alkaloids, a kind of novel microporous polypropylene membrane with controlled pore sizes has been prepared via thermally induced phase separation. And the membranes employed as the supported membrane in SDHLM system to extract and separate alkaloids from Coptis was investigated. The details are as follows:
1. This paper reviews the development history, the classification, the separation mechanism, and the applications of the liquid membrane technology. The characteristic and application of the SDHLM were elaborated in detail in this work.
2. The separation and extraction of isoquinoline alkaloids, protopine, allocryptopine, sanguinarine, chelerythrine in the fruits of Macleaya cordata (willd) R. Br. were carried out with SDHLM system of D2EHPA-kerosene-HCl. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the permeability coefficients of protopine, allocryptopine, sanguinarine, and chelerythrine are reached 1.66,1.99,2.98, and 3.06×10-4 cm/s, respectively. And the transport efficiencies are 68%,77%, 83%, and 85%, respectively. The results indicate that the present SDHLM system can effectively extract and separate above four kinds of alkaloids from Macleaya cordata (willd) R. Br.
3. A systematic research on the separation and extraction of isoquinoline alkaloids, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, and berberine from the Coptis roots with SDHLM system of D2EHPA-kerosene-H2SO4 was studied. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the permeability coefficients of jatrorrhizine, palmatine, and berberine are reached 4.43, 6.09,6.25×10-4 cm/s, respectively. And the transport efficiencies are 90.4%,92.1%,95.3%, respectively. The results show the three main alkaloids in Coptis roots can be separated and extracted effectively with the present SDHLM system.
4. SDHLM system of D2EHPA-kerosene-HCl was developed for the separation and extraction of tetrahydropalmatine, palmatine, and dehydrocorydaline from the tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang. Under the optimized experimental condition, the permeability coefficients of tetrahydropalmatine, palmatine, and dehydrocorydaline are reached 3.78,4.91, and 4.93×10-4 cm/s, respectively. And the transport efficiencies are 87.8%,94.2%, and 95.7%, respectively. The results indicate that the present SDHLM system can extract and separate the main alkaloids from Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang effectively.
5. Polypropylene microporous membrane with controlled pore sizes was prepared via thermally induced phase separation, using xylene as diluent and polyethylene glycol as the pore-forming agent. Scanning electron microscope and contact angle measurement were employed to charaterization of the surface morphology and the hydrophobic property of the membrane. The application of the prepared polypropylene microporous membrane in separation and extraction of alkaloids in Coptis was investigated with SDHLM. The results indicated that the prepared microporous polypropylene membrane is high performance.
1.介绍了液膜的发展史及其分离机理与应用,重点阐述了反萃分散组合液膜的特点与应用。
2.以D2EHPA-煤油-HCl的反萃分散组合液膜体系对博落回中的原阿片碱、别隐品碱、血根碱、白屈菜红碱进行了分离提取,在优化的实验条件下,该液膜体系对原阿片碱、别隐品碱、血根碱与白屈菜红碱的渗透系数分别达到了1.66、1.99、2.98与3.06×10-4cm／s,迁移率分别为68%、77%、83%与85%。
3.以D2EHPA-煤油-H2SO4的反萃分散组合液膜体系分离提取了黄连中的药根碱、巴马亭、小檗碱。系统优化后的液膜条件下,药根碱、巴马亭和小檗碱的渗透系数分别达到了4.43、6.09、6.25×104cm／s,迁移率分别达到了90.4%、92.1%、95.3%,取得了很好的分离提取效果。
4.以D2EHPA-煤油-HCl反萃分散组合液膜体系分离提取了延胡索中的延胡索乙素、巴马亭、去氢紫堇碱。在最佳的液膜条件下,这三种生物碱的渗透系数分别达到了3.78、4.91、4.93×10-4 cm／s,迁移率分别达到了87.8%、94.2%、95.7%。实验结果表明延胡索中的生物碱得到了有效地分离提取。
5.以邻二甲苯作为稀释剂、聚乙二醇作为成孔剂,用热诱导相分离法成功制备了性能优越的聚丙烯支撑膜,用扫描电镜、接触角测量仪等对支撑体的表面形态、微孔的孔径分布、疏水性能等方面进行了表征。将制备的支撑膜用于分离提取黄连中的药根碱、巴马亭和小檗碱,取得了很好的提取效果。
Alkaloid is a kind of bio-active compound existed in Chinese medicinal herbs. The separation and extraction of alkaloids are significant. Liquid membrane, as a simple, quick, effective, high-selective and economic separation and extraction technique, has been widely used in the fields of biological engineering, hydrometallurgy, extraction and separation metal ions and organic pollutant from the industrial wastewaters. However, the reports about separation and extraction of active ingredients from Chinese medicinal herbs using liquid membrane are very few due to the complex composition and multiinterferent of the herbs. For overcoming the shortages of the supported liquid membrane and the emulsion liquid membrane, a strip dispersion hybrid liquid membrane (SDHLM) is developed to separate and extract alkaloids in Chinese medicinal herbs. According to the need for transport larger molecule diameter of alkaloids, a kind of novel microporous polypropylene membrane with controlled pore sizes has been prepared via thermally induced phase separation. And the membranes employed as the supported membrane in SDHLM system to extract and separate alkaloids from Coptis was investigated. The details are as follows:
1. This paper reviews the development history, the classification, the separation mechanism, and the applications of the liquid membrane technology. The characteristic and application of the SDHLM were elaborated in detail in this work.
2. The separation and extraction of isoquinoline alkaloids, protopine, allocryptopine, sanguinarine, chelerythrine in the fruits of Macleaya cordata (willd) R. Br. were carried out with SDHLM system of D2EHPA-kerosene-HCl. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the permeability coefficients of protopine, allocryptopine, sanguinarine, and chelerythrine are reached 1.66,1.99,2.98, and 3.06×10-4 cm/s, respectively. And the transport efficiencies are 68%,77%, 83%, and 85%, respectively. The results indicate that the present SDHLM system can effectively extract and separate above four kinds of alkaloids from Macleaya cordata (willd) R. Br.
3. A systematic research on the separation and extraction of isoquinoline alkaloids, jatrorrhizine, palmatine, and berberine from the Coptis roots with SDHLM system of D2EHPA-kerosene-H2SO4 was studied. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the permeability coefficients of jatrorrhizine, palmatine, and berberine are reached 4.43, 6.09,6.25×10-4 cm/s, respectively. And the transport efficiencies are 90.4%,92.1%,95.3%, respectively. The results show the three main alkaloids in Coptis roots can be separated and extracted effectively with the present SDHLM system.
4. SDHLM system of D2EHPA-kerosene-HCl was developed for the separation and extraction of tetrahydropalmatine, palmatine, and dehydrocorydaline from the tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang. Under the optimized experimental condition, the permeability coefficients of tetrahydropalmatine, palmatine, and dehydrocorydaline are reached 3.78,4.91, and 4.93×10-4 cm/s, respectively. And the transport efficiencies are 87.8%,94.2%, and 95.7%, respectively. The results indicate that the present SDHLM system can extract and separate the main alkaloids from Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang effectively.
5. Polypropylene microporous membrane with controlled pore sizes was prepared via thermally induced phase separation, using xylene as diluent and polyethylene glycol as the pore-forming agent. Scanning electron microscope and contact angle measurement were employed to charaterization of the surface morphology and the hydrophobic property of the membrane. The application of the prepared polypropylene microporous membrane in separation and extraction of alkaloids in Coptis was investigated with SDHLM. The results indicated that the prepared microporous polypropylene membrane is high performance.
引文
[1]王震平.现代中药提取分离法[J].内蒙古石油化工,2004,30(1)：14-15.
[2]王北婴,王跃生,王焕魁等.我国中药制药工业中急需推广的高新技术[J].世界科学技术,2001,2(2)：18-24.
[3]W. J. V. Osterbout. Some models of protoplasmic surface [J]. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology,1940,8:51-56.
[4]W. F. Widdas. Facilitated transfer of hexoses across the human erythrocyte membrane [J]. The Journal of Physiology,1954,125:163-169.
[5]P. F. Scholander. Oxygen transport through hemoglobin solution [J]. Science,1960, 131:585-590.
[6]J. B. Wittenberg. The molecular mechanism of hemoglobin-facilitated oxygen diffusion [J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry,1966,241:104-110.
[7]G Stark, R. Benz. The transport of potasium through liquid bilayer membranes by the natural carriers valinomycin and monactin [J]. Journal of Membrane Biology, 1971,5:133-142.
[8]R. Bloch, A. Finkelstein, O. Kedem, et al. Metal ion separation by dialysis through solvent membranes [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development,1967,6:231-237.
[9]N. N. Li. Separation hydrocarbons with liquid membranes [P]. US Patent: 3410794.1968 11 12.
[10]M. Ruppert, J. Draxler, R. Marr. Liquid-membrane-permeation and its experiences in pilot-plant and industrial scale [J]. Separation Science and Technology,1988,23(12,13):1659-1966.
[11]M. Ma, M. Chen, X. B. Luo, H. Tan, D. S. He, X. Q. Xie, S. Z. Yao. Study on the transport selectivity and kinetics of amino acids through di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid-kerosene bulk liquid membrane [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2004,234:101-109.
[12]M. Ma, D. S. He, S. H. Liao, Y. Zeng, Q. J. Xie, S. Z. Yao. Kinetic study of 1-isoleucine transport through a liquid membrane containing di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid in kerosene [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2002,456:157-165.
[13]A. Kadous, M. A. Didi, D. Villemin. Extraction of Uranium(VI) using D2EHPA/TOPO based supported liquid membrane [J]. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2009,280(1):157-165.
[14]S. Ambe,0. Katayama, F. Ambe. Multitracer studies on the permeation of various elements through a supported liquid membrane containing TBP [J]. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2002,253(3):351-355.
[15]D. S. He, M. Ma. Transport of cadmium ions through a liquid membrane containing amine extractants as carriers [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2000, 169:53-59.
[16]W. Zhao, G. H. He, L. L. Zhang, J. Ju, et al. Effect of water in ionic liquid on the separation performance of supported ionic liquid membrane for CO2/N2 [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2010,350:279-285.
[17]P. Luis, L. A. Neves, C. A. M. Afonso, I. M. Coelhoso, J. G. Crespo, A. Garea, A. Irabien. Facilitated transport of CO2 and SO2 through supported ionic liquid membrane (SILMs) [J]. Desalination,2009,245:485-493.
[18]J. Lezamiz, T. Barri, J. A. Jonsson, K. Skog. A simplified hollow-fibre supported liquid membrane extraction method for quantification of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) in urine and plasma samples [J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2008,390:689-696.
[19]T. Oshima, K. Inoue, S. Furusaki, M. Goto. Liquid membrane transport of amino acids by calix [6] arene carboxylic acid derivative [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2003,217:87-97.
[20]M. Michel, L. Chimuka, E. Cukrowska, P. Wieczorek, B. Buszewski. Influence of temperature on mass transfer in an incomplete trapping single hollow fibre supported liquid membrane extraction of triazole fungicides [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2009,632:86-92.
[21]Y. Yamini, C. T. Reimann, A. Vatanara, J. A Jonsson, B. Halling-Sorensen. Determination of ivermectin and transformation products in environmental waters using hollow fibre-supported liquid membrane extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2008,1187:275-280.
[22]A. J. B. Kemperman, D. Bargenman, Th. Van Den Boomgaard, et al. Stability of supported liquid membrane:state of the art [J]. Separation Science and Technology,1996,31:2733-2762.
[23]B. Zhang, G. Baldi. Membrane liquid loss of supported liquid membrane based on n-decanol [J]. Colloids and Surfaces,2001,193:61-70.
[24]H. D. Zheng, B. Y. Wang, Y. X. Wu, Q. L. Ren. Instability mechanisms of supported liquid membranes for copper (II) ion extraction [J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2009,351:38-45.
[25]P. S Kulkarni, V. V. Mahajani. Application of liquid emulsion membrane (LEM) process for enrichment of molybdenum from aqueous solutions [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2002,201:123-135.
[26]E. A. Fouad, H. J. Bart. Emulsion liquid membrane extraction of zinc by a hollow-fiber contactor [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2008,307:156-168.
[27]R. A. Kumbasar. Transport of cadmium ions from zinc plant leach solutions through emulsion liquid membrane-containing Aliquat 336 as carrier [J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2008,63:592-599.
[28]R. A. Kumbasar. Selective extraction and concentration of cobalt from acidic leach solution containing cobalt and nickel through emulsion liquid membrane using PC-88A as extractant [J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2009,64: 273-279.
[29]M. Rajasimman, P. Karthic. Application of response surface methodology for the extraction of chromium (VI) by emulsion liquid membrane [J]. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,2010,41:105-110.
[30]P. F. M. M. Correia, J. M. R. de Carvalho. Recovery of phenol from phenolic resin plant effluents by emulsion liquid membranes [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2003,225:41-49.
[31]M. Djenouhat. O. Hamdaoui, M. Chiha, M.H. Samar. Ultrasonication-assisted preparation of water-in-oil emulsions and application to the removal of cationic dyes from water by emulsion liquid membrane Part 1:Membrane stability [J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2008,62:636-641.
[32]S. H. Lin, C. L. Pan, H. G. Leu. Equilibrium and mass transfer characteristics of 2-chlorophenol removal from aqueous solution by liquid membrane [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2002,87:163-169.
[33]P. S. Kulkarni, V. V. Mahajeni. Application of liquid membrane (LEM) process for enrichment of molybdenum from aqueous solutions [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2001,201(1-2):123-135.
[34]P. S. Kulkarni, K. K. Tiwari, V. V. Mahajani. Membrane stability and enrichment of nickel in the liquid emulsion membrane process [J]. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology,2000,75:533-560.
[35]J. Q. Shen, W. P. Yin, Y. X. Zhao, L. J. Yu. Extraction of alanine using emulsion liquid membranes featuring a cationic carrier [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,1996,120:45-53.
[36]B. Yordanov, L. Boyadzhiev. Pertraction of citric acid by means of emulsion liquid membranes [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2004,238:191-197.
[37]S. C. Lee. Development of a more efficient emulsion liquid membrane system with a dilute polymer solution for extraction of penicillin G [J]. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2008,14:207-212.
[38]C. Ramaseder, H. J. Bart, R. Marr. Phenomenological and mathematical description of the osmotic influence in the liquid membrane technique [J]. Separation Science and Technology,1993,28:929-945.
[39]《化学分离富集方法及应用》编委会.化学分离富集方法及应用[M].长沙：中南工业大学出版社,1998：251-257.
[40]N. Hajarabeevi, I. Mohammed Bilal, D. Easwaramoorthy, K. Palanivelu. Facilitated transport of cationic dyes through a supported liquid membrane with D2EHPA as carrier [J]. Desalination,2009,245:19-27.
[41]M. Chiha, O. Hamdaoui, F. Ahmedchekkat, C. Petrier. Study on ultrasonically assisted emulsification and recovery of copper(II) from wastewater using an
emulsion liquid membrane process [J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2010,17: 318-325.
[42]P. Dzygiel, P. Wieczorek. Extraction of amino acids with emulsion liquid membranes using industrial surfactants and lecithin as stabilisers [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2000,172:223-232.
[43]M. Rajasimman, R. Sangeetha, P. Karthik. Statistical optimization of process parameters for the extraction of chromium(VI) from pharmaceutical wastewater by emulsion liquid membrane [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2009,150: 275-279.
[44]S. Venkatesan, K. M. Meera Sheriffa Begum. Emulsion liquid membrane pertraction of imidazole from dilute aqueous solutions by Aliquat-336 mobile carrier [J]. Desalination,2009,236:65-77.
[45]T. Harington, M. M. Hossain. Extraction of lactic acid into sunflower oil and its recovery into an aqueous solution [J]. Desalination,2008,218:287-296.
[46]L. Mutihac, H. L. Buschmann, E. Diacu. Calixarene derivatives as carriers in liquid membrane transport. Desalination,2002,148(1-3):253-256.
[47]L. Mutihac, H. L. Buschmann, K. Jansen, et al. Interactions and transport through liquid membranes of some dipeptide complexes with macrocyclic receptors [J]. Materials Science and Engineering:C,2001,18(1-2):259-264.
[48]X.Y. Wang, C. Saridara, S. Mitra. Microfluidic supported liquid membrane extraction [J]. Analytical Chimica Acta,2005,543(1-2):92-98.
[49]M. Teramoto, N. Tohno, N. Ohnishi, et al. Development of a spiral-type flowing liquid membrane module with high stability and its application to the recovery of chromium and zine [J]. Separation Science Technology,1989,24:981-999.
[50]M. Teramoto, H. Matsuyama, T. Yamashiro, et al. Separation of ethylene from ethane by a flowing liquid membrane using silver nitrate as a carrier [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,1989,46:115-136.
[51]H. Matsuyama, J. Boku, M. Teramoto. Separation and concentration of heavy metal ions by a spiral-type flowing liquid membrane module [J]. Water Treatment,1990,5:237-252.
[52]J. F. Liu, J. B. Chao, G. B. Jiang. Continuous flow liquid membrane extraction:a novel automatic trace-enrichment technique based on continuous flow liquid-liquid extraction combined with supported liquid membrane [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2002,455:93-101.
[53]J. B. Chao, J. F. Liu, M. J. Wen, J. M. Liu, et al. Determination of sulfonylurea herbicides by continuous-flow liquid membrane extraction on-line coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2002,955:183-189.
[54]L. Boydzhiev, Z. Lazerova, E. Bezenshek. Mass transfer in three-liquid phase system [A]. Proceeding of ISEC 83[C]. Denver Colorado:USA,1983,391-393.
[55]顾忠茂,周庆江,金兰瑞.静电式准液膜分离方法及装置[P].中国专利：CN86101730,1988 04 13.
[56]Z. M. Gu. Electrostatic pseudo liquid membrane separation technology [J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering (Ch),1990,5:44-55.
[57]Z. M. Gu. Electrostatic pseudo liquid membrane[M]. W. S. Ho, K. K. Sirkar. Membrane Handbook. New York:Chapman & Hall,1992.867-884.
[58]Z. M. Gu, Q. F. Wu, Z. X. Zheng, et al. Laboratory and pilot plant test of yttrium recovery from wastewater by electrostatic pseudo liquid membrane [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,1994,93:137-147.
[59]X. J. Yang, Z. M. Gu, D. X. Wang. Extraction and separation of scandium from rare earths by electrostatic pseudo liquid membrane [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,1995,106:131-145.
[60]王雨春,张仲甫,汪德先,等.TTA为载体的乳化液膜对抗与铁、锰、钙、稀土、铁的分离[J].膜科学与技术,1992,1：16-20.
[61]R. H. Zhang. Concentration of rare earths from ammonium sulfate type Ieachate with emulsion liquid membrane [A]. Proceedings of the 4th Sino-Japan. Symposimm on Liquid Membranes [C]. Shanghai:China,1998.58-60.
[62]B. Raghuraman, J. Wiencek. Extraction with emulsion liquid membrane in a hollow-fiber contactor [J]. AIChE Journal,1993,39:1885-1889.
[63]W. S. W. Ho. Combined supported liquid membrane/strip dispersion process for
the removel and recovery of redionuclides and metals [P]. USA Patent:6328782, 20011211.
[64]W. S. W. Ho. Combined supported liquid membrane/strip dispersion process for the removel and recovery of penicillin and organic acids[P]. USA Patent: 6433163,200208 13.
[65]W. S. W. Ho. Combined supported liquid membrane/strip dispersion process for the removel and recovery of metals [P]. US Pat:6350419,2002 02 26.
[66]W.S.W. Ho. Removal and recovery of metals and other materials by supported liquid membranes with strip dispersion [J]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,2006,984:97-122.
[67]N. S. Rathore, A. Leopold, A. K. Pabby, A. Fortuny. M. T. Coll, A. M. Sastre. Extraction and permeation studies of Cd (II) in acidic and neutral chloride media using Cyanex 923 on supportes liquid membrane [J]. Hydrometallurgy,2009,96: 81-87.
[68]J. V. Sonawane, A. K. Pabby, A. M. Sastre. Au(Ⅰ) extraction by LIX-79/n-heptane using the pseudo-emulsion-based hollow-fiber strip dispersion (PEHFSD) technique [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2007,300:147-155.
[69]M. E. Vilt, W. S. W. Ho. Supported liquid membrane with strip dispersion for the recovery of Cephalexin [J]. Journal Membrance Science,2009,342:80-87.
[70]D. S. He, X. J. Luo, C. M. Yang, M. Ma, Y. Wan. Study of transport and separation of Zn(II) by a combined supported liquid membrane/strip dispersion process containing D2EHPA in kerosene as the carrier [J]. Desalination,2006, 194:40-51.
[71]S. X. Gu, Y. D. Yu, D. S. He, M. Ma. Comparision of transport and separation of Cd (Ⅱ) between strip dispersion hybrid liquid membrane (SDHLM) and supported liquid membrane (SLM) using tri-n-octylamine as carrier [J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2006,51:277-284.
[72]D. S. He, S. X. Gu, M. Ma. Simultaneous removal and recovery of cadmium (Ⅱ) and CN- from simulated electroplating rinse wastewater by a strip dispersion hybrid liquid membrane (SDHLM) containing double carrier [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2007,305:36-47.
[73]P. R. Danesi. Separation of metal species by supported liquid membranes [J]. Separation and Science Technology,1984,19:(11&12):857-894.
[74]P. R. Danesi, E. P. Horwitz, P. G. Rickert. Transport of Eu3+through a bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, n-dodecane solid supported liquid membrane [J]. Separation and Science Technology,1982,17:1183-1192.
[75]J. Psotova, R. Vecera, A. Zdarilova, E. Anzenbacherova, P. Kosina, A. Svobodova, J. Hrbac, D. Jirovsky, M. Stiborova, V. Lichnovsky, J. Vicar, V. Simanek, J. Ulrichova. Safety assessment of sanguinarine, alkaloid fraction of Macleaya cordata, in rats [J]. Veterinarni Medicina.2006,51:145-155.
[76]M. Stiborova, J. Vostalova, A. Zdarilova, J. Ulrichova, J. Hudecek, K. Tschirner, V. Simanek. Macleaya cordata extract and Sangrovit(?) genotoxicity assessment in vivo. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub.2008,152: 35-39.
[77]孙永.膜法制乳[J].化学工业与工程,1998,4(2)：60-62.
[78]L. Chimuka, E. Cukrowska, L. Soko, K. Naicker. Supported-liquid membrane extraction as a selective sample preparation technique for monitoring uranium in complex matrix samples [J]. Journal of Separation Science,2003,26:601-608.
[79]M. Ma, B. Chen, X. B. Luo, H. Tan, D. S. He, Q. J. Xie, S. Z. Yao. Study on the transport selectivity and kinetics of amino acids through di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid-kerosene bulk liquid membrane [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2004,234:101-109.
[80]R. R. Jones, R. J. Harkrader, G. L. Southar. The effect of pH on sanguinarine iminium ion form [J]. Journal of Natural Products,1986,49:1109-1111.
[81]P. B. Kosaraju, K. K. Sirkar. Interfacially polymerized thin film composite membrane on microporous polypropylene supports for solvent-resistant nanofiltration [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2008,321:155-161.
[82]V. S. Kislik, A. M. Eyal. Hybrid liquid membrane (HLM) system in separation technologies [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,1996,111:259-272.
[83]R. Wodzki, P. Szczepanski. Simultaneous recovery and separation of Zn2+and Cu2+in hybrid membrane systems [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2005,41:289-297.
[84]王静,袁子民,张朔,张振秋,李可强.黄连提取物中盐酸小檗碱在大鼠体内的药动学研究[J].中国中药杂志,2008,03：1-3.
[85]赵恒强,陈军辉,郭秀春,郑晓玲,黎先春,王小如.加速溶剂萃取法快速提取黄连中的生物碱[J].分析试验室，2008,11：1-2.
[86]孙德好,王彦,卞俊,许妈,权华,姜远英.小聚碱的抗病原生物作用研究进展[J].药学实践杂志，2008,26：340-342.
[87]房辉,刘伟东,魏学兰.盐酸小檗碱对心血管病患者血脂和血糖的影响[J].药物与临床,2005,5：52-53.
[88]赵志刚,徐小军,庄洁等.盐酸小檗碱、鱼腥草素钠和大蒜素的体外抗菌活性[J].中国临床药理学杂志,2005,21：119-121.
[89]吴浩彬,韦安阳.盐酸巴马汀治序慢性前列腺炎临床观察[J].中国误诊学杂志，2008,8：8165-8166.
[90]秦永祺，杨企铮.延胡索治疗冠心病有效成分的研究[J].天津医药，1978,(10)：450-453.
[91]邱融丽，李详,陈建伟，等延胡索总碱提取方法研究[J].中医药研究，2000,16：50-51.
[92]庄建红，简惠，王俊香，等.延胡索中延胡索乙素含量测定提取方法的研究[J].时珍国医国药，1998,9：421-422.
[93]谢彩娟，张志琪.超声提取延胡索总生物碱的研究[J].西北药学杂志，2005,20：153-154.
[94]李越鲲，王俊儒，刘雅静,郭艳艳，苏祖尚.骆驼蓬种子中总生物碱超声提取的初步研究[J].西北农业学报，2005,14：110-112.
[95]孙化鹏，钟晓红，张珉，李良导.超声提取枸杞叶总黄酮的工艺研究[J].现代生物医学进展，2009,9：2645-2648.
[96]徐又一，忻永和，柳定荣，等.聚丙烯微孔膜的制备新工艺及其应用[A].中国膜工业协会首届学术报告会论文集[C]..北京：1995,129-133.
[97]J. J. Kim, T. S. Jang, Y D. Kong, et al. Structural study of microporous polypropylene hollow fiber membranes made by the melt-spinning and cold-stretching method [J]. Journal of Membance Scence,1994,93:209-215.
[98]A. J. Castro. Methods for making microporous products [P]. United States Patent: 4247498,19810127.
[99]H. Matsuyama, S. Kudari, H. Kiyofuji, Y Kitamura Kinetic studies of thermally induced phase separation [J]. Polymer,1999,40:2289-2301.
[100]P. M. Ktkinson, D. R. Lloyd Anisotropic flat sheet membrane formation via TIPS: atmospheric convection and polymer molecular weight effects [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2000,175:225-238.
[101]H. Matsuyama, H. Okafuji, T. Maki, M. Teramoto, N. Kubota Preparation of polyethylene hollow fiber membrane via thermally induced phase separation [J]. Journal of Membance Scence,2003,223:119-126.
[102]B. Luo, J. Zhang, X. Wang, Y Zhou, J. Wen. Effects of nucleating agents and extractants on the structure of polypropylene microporous membranes via thermally induced phase separation [J].Desalination,2006,192:142-150.
[103]M. E. Vanegas, R. Quijada, D. Serafini. Microporous membranes prepared via thermally induced phase separation from metallocenic syndiotactic polypropylenes [J]. Polymer,2009,50: 2081-2086.
[104]D. R. Lloyd, S. S. Kim, K. E. Kinzer. Microporous membrane formation via thermally induced phase separation [J]. Journal of Membance Science,1990,52:239-261.
[105]D. R. Lloyd, S. S. Kim, K. E. Kinzer. Microporous membrane formation via thermally induced phase separation. Ⅱ. Liquid-liquid phase separation [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,1991,64:1-11.
[106]D. H. Garg, W. Lenk, S. Berwald, K. Lunkwitz, F. Simon, K. Eichhom. Hydrophilization of microporous polypropylene Celgard(?) membranes by the chemical modification technique [J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,1996,60:2087-2104.
[107]J. K. Kim, K. Taki, M. Ohshima. Preparation of a unique microporous structure via two step phase separation in the course of drying a ternary polymer solution [J]. Langmuir,2007,23: 12397-12405.
[108]Y H. Yang, L. Hong, N. Vaidyanathan, S. G Weber. Preparation and assessment of fluorous supported liquid membranes based on porous alumina [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2009, 345:170-176.
[109]陆茵,陈欢林，李伯耿．添加剂对PVDP相转化过程及膜孔结构的影响[J].高分子学报，2002,(5)：656-661.
[2]王北婴,王跃生,王焕魁等.我国中药制药工业中急需推广的高新技术[J].世界科学技术,2001,2(2)：18-24.
[3]W. J. V. Osterbout. Some models of protoplasmic surface [J]. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology,1940,8:51-56.
[4]W. F. Widdas. Facilitated transfer of hexoses across the human erythrocyte membrane [J]. The Journal of Physiology,1954,125:163-169.
[5]P. F. Scholander. Oxygen transport through hemoglobin solution [J]. Science,1960, 131:585-590.
[6]J. B. Wittenberg. The molecular mechanism of hemoglobin-facilitated oxygen diffusion [J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry,1966,241:104-110.
[7]G Stark, R. Benz. The transport of potasium through liquid bilayer membranes by the natural carriers valinomycin and monactin [J]. Journal of Membrane Biology, 1971,5:133-142.
[8]R. Bloch, A. Finkelstein, O. Kedem, et al. Metal ion separation by dialysis through solvent membranes [J]. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Process Design and Development,1967,6:231-237.
[9]N. N. Li. Separation hydrocarbons with liquid membranes [P]. US Patent: 3410794.1968 11 12.
[10]M. Ruppert, J. Draxler, R. Marr. Liquid-membrane-permeation and its experiences in pilot-plant and industrial scale [J]. Separation Science and Technology,1988,23(12,13):1659-1966.
[11]M. Ma, M. Chen, X. B. Luo, H. Tan, D. S. He, X. Q. Xie, S. Z. Yao. Study on the transport selectivity and kinetics of amino acids through di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid-kerosene bulk liquid membrane [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2004,234:101-109.
[12]M. Ma, D. S. He, S. H. Liao, Y. Zeng, Q. J. Xie, S. Z. Yao. Kinetic study of 1-isoleucine transport through a liquid membrane containing di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid in kerosene [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2002,456:157-165.
[13]A. Kadous, M. A. Didi, D. Villemin. Extraction of Uranium(VI) using D2EHPA/TOPO based supported liquid membrane [J]. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2009,280(1):157-165.
[14]S. Ambe,0. Katayama, F. Ambe. Multitracer studies on the permeation of various elements through a supported liquid membrane containing TBP [J]. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry,2002,253(3):351-355.
[15]D. S. He, M. Ma. Transport of cadmium ions through a liquid membrane containing amine extractants as carriers [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2000, 169:53-59.
[16]W. Zhao, G. H. He, L. L. Zhang, J. Ju, et al. Effect of water in ionic liquid on the separation performance of supported ionic liquid membrane for CO2/N2 [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2010,350:279-285.
[17]P. Luis, L. A. Neves, C. A. M. Afonso, I. M. Coelhoso, J. G. Crespo, A. Garea, A. Irabien. Facilitated transport of CO2 and SO2 through supported ionic liquid membrane (SILMs) [J]. Desalination,2009,245:485-493.
[18]J. Lezamiz, T. Barri, J. A. Jonsson, K. Skog. A simplified hollow-fibre supported liquid membrane extraction method for quantification of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b] pyridine (PhIP) in urine and plasma samples [J]. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry,2008,390:689-696.
[19]T. Oshima, K. Inoue, S. Furusaki, M. Goto. Liquid membrane transport of amino acids by calix [6] arene carboxylic acid derivative [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2003,217:87-97.
[20]M. Michel, L. Chimuka, E. Cukrowska, P. Wieczorek, B. Buszewski. Influence of temperature on mass transfer in an incomplete trapping single hollow fibre supported liquid membrane extraction of triazole fungicides [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2009,632:86-92.
[21]Y. Yamini, C. T. Reimann, A. Vatanara, J. A Jonsson, B. Halling-Sorensen. Determination of ivermectin and transformation products in environmental waters using hollow fibre-supported liquid membrane extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry [J]. Journal of Chromatography A,2008,1187:275-280.
[22]A. J. B. Kemperman, D. Bargenman, Th. Van Den Boomgaard, et al. Stability of supported liquid membrane:state of the art [J]. Separation Science and Technology,1996,31:2733-2762.
[23]B. Zhang, G. Baldi. Membrane liquid loss of supported liquid membrane based on n-decanol [J]. Colloids and Surfaces,2001,193:61-70.
[24]H. D. Zheng, B. Y. Wang, Y. X. Wu, Q. L. Ren. Instability mechanisms of supported liquid membranes for copper (II) ion extraction [J]. Colloids and Surfaces A:Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,2009,351:38-45.
[25]P. S Kulkarni, V. V. Mahajani. Application of liquid emulsion membrane (LEM) process for enrichment of molybdenum from aqueous solutions [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2002,201:123-135.
[26]E. A. Fouad, H. J. Bart. Emulsion liquid membrane extraction of zinc by a hollow-fiber contactor [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2008,307:156-168.
[27]R. A. Kumbasar. Transport of cadmium ions from zinc plant leach solutions through emulsion liquid membrane-containing Aliquat 336 as carrier [J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2008,63:592-599.
[28]R. A. Kumbasar. Selective extraction and concentration of cobalt from acidic leach solution containing cobalt and nickel through emulsion liquid membrane using PC-88A as extractant [J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2009,64: 273-279.
[29]M. Rajasimman, P. Karthic. Application of response surface methodology for the extraction of chromium (VI) by emulsion liquid membrane [J]. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers,2010,41:105-110.
[30]P. F. M. M. Correia, J. M. R. de Carvalho. Recovery of phenol from phenolic resin plant effluents by emulsion liquid membranes [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2003,225:41-49.
[31]M. Djenouhat. O. Hamdaoui, M. Chiha, M.H. Samar. Ultrasonication-assisted preparation of water-in-oil emulsions and application to the removal of cationic dyes from water by emulsion liquid membrane Part 1:Membrane stability [J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2008,62:636-641.
[32]S. H. Lin, C. L. Pan, H. G. Leu. Equilibrium and mass transfer characteristics of 2-chlorophenol removal from aqueous solution by liquid membrane [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2002,87:163-169.
[33]P. S. Kulkarni, V. V. Mahajeni. Application of liquid membrane (LEM) process for enrichment of molybdenum from aqueous solutions [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2001,201(1-2):123-135.
[34]P. S. Kulkarni, K. K. Tiwari, V. V. Mahajani. Membrane stability and enrichment of nickel in the liquid emulsion membrane process [J]. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology,2000,75:533-560.
[35]J. Q. Shen, W. P. Yin, Y. X. Zhao, L. J. Yu. Extraction of alanine using emulsion liquid membranes featuring a cationic carrier [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,1996,120:45-53.
[36]B. Yordanov, L. Boyadzhiev. Pertraction of citric acid by means of emulsion liquid membranes [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2004,238:191-197.
[37]S. C. Lee. Development of a more efficient emulsion liquid membrane system with a dilute polymer solution for extraction of penicillin G [J]. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry,2008,14:207-212.
[38]C. Ramaseder, H. J. Bart, R. Marr. Phenomenological and mathematical description of the osmotic influence in the liquid membrane technique [J]. Separation Science and Technology,1993,28:929-945.
[39]《化学分离富集方法及应用》编委会.化学分离富集方法及应用[M].长沙：中南工业大学出版社,1998：251-257.
[40]N. Hajarabeevi, I. Mohammed Bilal, D. Easwaramoorthy, K. Palanivelu. Facilitated transport of cationic dyes through a supported liquid membrane with D2EHPA as carrier [J]. Desalination,2009,245:19-27.
[41]M. Chiha, O. Hamdaoui, F. Ahmedchekkat, C. Petrier. Study on ultrasonically assisted emulsification and recovery of copper(II) from wastewater using an
emulsion liquid membrane process [J]. Ultrasonics Sonochemistry,2010,17: 318-325.
[42]P. Dzygiel, P. Wieczorek. Extraction of amino acids with emulsion liquid membranes using industrial surfactants and lecithin as stabilisers [J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2000,172:223-232.
[43]M. Rajasimman, R. Sangeetha, P. Karthik. Statistical optimization of process parameters for the extraction of chromium(VI) from pharmaceutical wastewater by emulsion liquid membrane [J]. Chemical Engineering Journal,2009,150: 275-279.
[44]S. Venkatesan, K. M. Meera Sheriffa Begum. Emulsion liquid membrane pertraction of imidazole from dilute aqueous solutions by Aliquat-336 mobile carrier [J]. Desalination,2009,236:65-77.
[45]T. Harington, M. M. Hossain. Extraction of lactic acid into sunflower oil and its recovery into an aqueous solution [J]. Desalination,2008,218:287-296.
[46]L. Mutihac, H. L. Buschmann, E. Diacu. Calixarene derivatives as carriers in liquid membrane transport. Desalination,2002,148(1-3):253-256.
[47]L. Mutihac, H. L. Buschmann, K. Jansen, et al. Interactions and transport through liquid membranes of some dipeptide complexes with macrocyclic receptors [J]. Materials Science and Engineering:C,2001,18(1-2):259-264.
[48]X.Y. Wang, C. Saridara, S. Mitra. Microfluidic supported liquid membrane extraction [J]. Analytical Chimica Acta,2005,543(1-2):92-98.
[49]M. Teramoto, N. Tohno, N. Ohnishi, et al. Development of a spiral-type flowing liquid membrane module with high stability and its application to the recovery of chromium and zine [J]. Separation Science Technology,1989,24:981-999.
[50]M. Teramoto, H. Matsuyama, T. Yamashiro, et al. Separation of ethylene from ethane by a flowing liquid membrane using silver nitrate as a carrier [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,1989,46:115-136.
[51]H. Matsuyama, J. Boku, M. Teramoto. Separation and concentration of heavy metal ions by a spiral-type flowing liquid membrane module [J]. Water Treatment,1990,5:237-252.
[52]J. F. Liu, J. B. Chao, G. B. Jiang. Continuous flow liquid membrane extraction:a novel automatic trace-enrichment technique based on continuous flow liquid-liquid extraction combined with supported liquid membrane [J]. Analytica Chimica Acta,2002,455:93-101.
[53]J. B. Chao, J. F. Liu, M. J. Wen, J. M. Liu, et al. Determination of sulfonylurea herbicides by continuous-flow liquid membrane extraction on-line coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography [J]. Journal of Chromatography A, 2002,955:183-189.
[54]L. Boydzhiev, Z. Lazerova, E. Bezenshek. Mass transfer in three-liquid phase system [A]. Proceeding of ISEC 83[C]. Denver Colorado:USA,1983,391-393.
[55]顾忠茂,周庆江,金兰瑞.静电式准液膜分离方法及装置[P].中国专利：CN86101730,1988 04 13.
[56]Z. M. Gu. Electrostatic pseudo liquid membrane separation technology [J]. Journal of Chemical Industry and Engineering (Ch),1990,5:44-55.
[57]Z. M. Gu. Electrostatic pseudo liquid membrane[M]. W. S. Ho, K. K. Sirkar. Membrane Handbook. New York:Chapman & Hall,1992.867-884.
[58]Z. M. Gu, Q. F. Wu, Z. X. Zheng, et al. Laboratory and pilot plant test of yttrium recovery from wastewater by electrostatic pseudo liquid membrane [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,1994,93:137-147.
[59]X. J. Yang, Z. M. Gu, D. X. Wang. Extraction and separation of scandium from rare earths by electrostatic pseudo liquid membrane [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,1995,106:131-145.
[60]王雨春,张仲甫,汪德先,等.TTA为载体的乳化液膜对抗与铁、锰、钙、稀土、铁的分离[J].膜科学与技术,1992,1：16-20.
[61]R. H. Zhang. Concentration of rare earths from ammonium sulfate type Ieachate with emulsion liquid membrane [A]. Proceedings of the 4th Sino-Japan. Symposimm on Liquid Membranes [C]. Shanghai:China,1998.58-60.
[62]B. Raghuraman, J. Wiencek. Extraction with emulsion liquid membrane in a hollow-fiber contactor [J]. AIChE Journal,1993,39:1885-1889.
[63]W. S. W. Ho. Combined supported liquid membrane/strip dispersion process for
the removel and recovery of redionuclides and metals [P]. USA Patent:6328782, 20011211.
[64]W. S. W. Ho. Combined supported liquid membrane/strip dispersion process for the removel and recovery of penicillin and organic acids[P]. USA Patent: 6433163,200208 13.
[65]W. S. W. Ho. Combined supported liquid membrane/strip dispersion process for the removel and recovery of metals [P]. US Pat:6350419,2002 02 26.
[66]W.S.W. Ho. Removal and recovery of metals and other materials by supported liquid membranes with strip dispersion [J]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences,2006,984:97-122.
[67]N. S. Rathore, A. Leopold, A. K. Pabby, A. Fortuny. M. T. Coll, A. M. Sastre. Extraction and permeation studies of Cd (II) in acidic and neutral chloride media using Cyanex 923 on supportes liquid membrane [J]. Hydrometallurgy,2009,96: 81-87.
[68]J. V. Sonawane, A. K. Pabby, A. M. Sastre. Au(Ⅰ) extraction by LIX-79/n-heptane using the pseudo-emulsion-based hollow-fiber strip dispersion (PEHFSD) technique [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2007,300:147-155.
[69]M. E. Vilt, W. S. W. Ho. Supported liquid membrane with strip dispersion for the recovery of Cephalexin [J]. Journal Membrance Science,2009,342:80-87.
[70]D. S. He, X. J. Luo, C. M. Yang, M. Ma, Y. Wan. Study of transport and separation of Zn(II) by a combined supported liquid membrane/strip dispersion process containing D2EHPA in kerosene as the carrier [J]. Desalination,2006, 194:40-51.
[71]S. X. Gu, Y. D. Yu, D. S. He, M. Ma. Comparision of transport and separation of Cd (Ⅱ) between strip dispersion hybrid liquid membrane (SDHLM) and supported liquid membrane (SLM) using tri-n-octylamine as carrier [J]. Separation and Purification Technology,2006,51:277-284.
[72]D. S. He, S. X. Gu, M. Ma. Simultaneous removal and recovery of cadmium (Ⅱ) and CN- from simulated electroplating rinse wastewater by a strip dispersion hybrid liquid membrane (SDHLM) containing double carrier [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2007,305:36-47.
[73]P. R. Danesi. Separation of metal species by supported liquid membranes [J]. Separation and Science Technology,1984,19:(11&12):857-894.
[74]P. R. Danesi, E. P. Horwitz, P. G. Rickert. Transport of Eu3+through a bis (2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid, n-dodecane solid supported liquid membrane [J]. Separation and Science Technology,1982,17:1183-1192.
[75]J. Psotova, R. Vecera, A. Zdarilova, E. Anzenbacherova, P. Kosina, A. Svobodova, J. Hrbac, D. Jirovsky, M. Stiborova, V. Lichnovsky, J. Vicar, V. Simanek, J. Ulrichova. Safety assessment of sanguinarine, alkaloid fraction of Macleaya cordata, in rats [J]. Veterinarni Medicina.2006,51:145-155.
[76]M. Stiborova, J. Vostalova, A. Zdarilova, J. Ulrichova, J. Hudecek, K. Tschirner, V. Simanek. Macleaya cordata extract and Sangrovit(?) genotoxicity assessment in vivo. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub.2008,152: 35-39.
[77]孙永.膜法制乳[J].化学工业与工程,1998,4(2)：60-62.
[78]L. Chimuka, E. Cukrowska, L. Soko, K. Naicker. Supported-liquid membrane extraction as a selective sample preparation technique for monitoring uranium in complex matrix samples [J]. Journal of Separation Science,2003,26:601-608.
[79]M. Ma, B. Chen, X. B. Luo, H. Tan, D. S. He, Q. J. Xie, S. Z. Yao. Study on the transport selectivity and kinetics of amino acids through di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid-kerosene bulk liquid membrane [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2004,234:101-109.
[80]R. R. Jones, R. J. Harkrader, G. L. Southar. The effect of pH on sanguinarine iminium ion form [J]. Journal of Natural Products,1986,49:1109-1111.
[81]P. B. Kosaraju, K. K. Sirkar. Interfacially polymerized thin film composite membrane on microporous polypropylene supports for solvent-resistant nanofiltration [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2008,321:155-161.
[82]V. S. Kislik, A. M. Eyal. Hybrid liquid membrane (HLM) system in separation technologies [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,1996,111:259-272.
[83]R. Wodzki, P. Szczepanski. Simultaneous recovery and separation of Zn2+and Cu2+in hybrid membrane systems [J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2005,41:289-297.
[84]王静,袁子民,张朔,张振秋,李可强.黄连提取物中盐酸小檗碱在大鼠体内的药动学研究[J].中国中药杂志,2008,03：1-3.
[85]赵恒强,陈军辉,郭秀春,郑晓玲,黎先春,王小如.加速溶剂萃取法快速提取黄连中的生物碱[J].分析试验室，2008,11：1-2.
[86]孙德好,王彦,卞俊,许妈,权华,姜远英.小聚碱的抗病原生物作用研究进展[J].药学实践杂志，2008,26：340-342.
[87]房辉,刘伟东,魏学兰.盐酸小檗碱对心血管病患者血脂和血糖的影响[J].药物与临床,2005,5：52-53.
[88]赵志刚,徐小军,庄洁等.盐酸小檗碱、鱼腥草素钠和大蒜素的体外抗菌活性[J].中国临床药理学杂志,2005,21：119-121.
[89]吴浩彬,韦安阳.盐酸巴马汀治序慢性前列腺炎临床观察[J].中国误诊学杂志，2008,8：8165-8166.
[90]秦永祺，杨企铮.延胡索治疗冠心病有效成分的研究[J].天津医药，1978,(10)：450-453.
[91]邱融丽，李详,陈建伟，等延胡索总碱提取方法研究[J].中医药研究，2000,16：50-51.
[92]庄建红，简惠，王俊香，等.延胡索中延胡索乙素含量测定提取方法的研究[J].时珍国医国药，1998,9：421-422.
[93]谢彩娟，张志琪.超声提取延胡索总生物碱的研究[J].西北药学杂志，2005,20：153-154.
[94]李越鲲，王俊儒，刘雅静,郭艳艳，苏祖尚.骆驼蓬种子中总生物碱超声提取的初步研究[J].西北农业学报，2005,14：110-112.
[95]孙化鹏，钟晓红，张珉，李良导.超声提取枸杞叶总黄酮的工艺研究[J].现代生物医学进展，2009,9：2645-2648.
[96]徐又一，忻永和，柳定荣，等.聚丙烯微孔膜的制备新工艺及其应用[A].中国膜工业协会首届学术报告会论文集[C]..北京：1995,129-133.
[97]J. J. Kim, T. S. Jang, Y D. Kong, et al. Structural study of microporous polypropylene hollow fiber membranes made by the melt-spinning and cold-stretching method [J]. Journal of Membance Scence,1994,93:209-215.
[98]A. J. Castro. Methods for making microporous products [P]. United States Patent: 4247498,19810127.
[99]H. Matsuyama, S. Kudari, H. Kiyofuji, Y Kitamura Kinetic studies of thermally induced phase separation [J]. Polymer,1999,40:2289-2301.
[100]P. M. Ktkinson, D. R. Lloyd Anisotropic flat sheet membrane formation via TIPS: atmospheric convection and polymer molecular weight effects [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2000,175:225-238.
[101]H. Matsuyama, H. Okafuji, T. Maki, M. Teramoto, N. Kubota Preparation of polyethylene hollow fiber membrane via thermally induced phase separation [J]. Journal of Membance Scence,2003,223:119-126.
[102]B. Luo, J. Zhang, X. Wang, Y Zhou, J. Wen. Effects of nucleating agents and extractants on the structure of polypropylene microporous membranes via thermally induced phase separation [J].Desalination,2006,192:142-150.
[103]M. E. Vanegas, R. Quijada, D. Serafini. Microporous membranes prepared via thermally induced phase separation from metallocenic syndiotactic polypropylenes [J]. Polymer,2009,50: 2081-2086.
[104]D. R. Lloyd, S. S. Kim, K. E. Kinzer. Microporous membrane formation via thermally induced phase separation [J]. Journal of Membance Science,1990,52:239-261.
[105]D. R. Lloyd, S. S. Kim, K. E. Kinzer. Microporous membrane formation via thermally induced phase separation. Ⅱ. Liquid-liquid phase separation [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,1991,64:1-11.
[106]D. H. Garg, W. Lenk, S. Berwald, K. Lunkwitz, F. Simon, K. Eichhom. Hydrophilization of microporous polypropylene Celgard(?) membranes by the chemical modification technique [J]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science,1996,60:2087-2104.
[107]J. K. Kim, K. Taki, M. Ohshima. Preparation of a unique microporous structure via two step phase separation in the course of drying a ternary polymer solution [J]. Langmuir,2007,23: 12397-12405.
[108]Y H. Yang, L. Hong, N. Vaidyanathan, S. G Weber. Preparation and assessment of fluorous supported liquid membranes based on porous alumina [J]. Journal of Membrance Science,2009, 345:170-176.
[109]陆茵,陈欢林，李伯耿．添加剂对PVDP相转化过程及膜孔结构的影响[J].高分子学报，2002,(5)：656-661.