Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣再生金属铝及锌的研究
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摘要
Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣是热浸镀锌铝合金生产过程中,形成的一种以铝、锌、铁、硅为主要成分的渣。Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣的生成对生产过程会产生不利影响,通常在实际的生产作业中,要定期捞去。Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣中铝、锌的含量较高,一般含铝大于50%、含锌为20～30%,其余成分为铁和硅,此渣的形成会增加生产过程中铝和锌的消耗,增加生产成本,目前还没有能高效再生该渣中铝、锌的工艺。铝、锌一次资源日渐匮乏,再生该渣中铝、锌已十分紧迫。
本论文从铝、锌的性质,铝、锌当前的资源状况,以前、现行的生产铝、锌的工艺和再生工艺及热浸镀锌铝合金工艺着手,研究再生Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣中铝、锌的工艺,并在理论上对工艺进行分析论证,通过实验室小型实验验证工艺的可行性,研究各因素对实验的影响,总结各因素对实验影响的规律,为扩大实验提供基础性数据。
再生Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣中铝、锌的工艺分两步进行：第一步,用锌浸出含铝为51.68%、含锌为20.59%、含铁为19.12%、含硅为3.47%的Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣,分离渣中的铝,得到含铝为1～20%的富锌锌铝合金和含锌为80～98%、含铝为2～15%的浮渣；第二步,锌铝合金和浮渣的真空蒸馏,锌铝合金真空蒸馏得纯度大于99%的锌和纯度大于98%的铝,浮渣真空蒸馏得纯度大于99%的锌,残渣中锌的含量可低至0.39%。
由本研究可得：用锌浸出Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣中铝的实验,铝的浸出率随浸出温度及铸样温度的升高、物料配比的增大而增大。最优的浸出时间为25min、分次加Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣的次数为2次、Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣粒度为3～10目、搅拌速度为260r/min。对浮渣进行重熔可以提高铝的浸出率,但是提高的幅度不大,该操作可依具体情况选择。对Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣进行两次或多次浸出,可以进一步提高铝的浸出率,得到适合蒸馏的含铝较高、含铁和硅低的锌铝合金及含铝低的富锌浮渣,物料配比为8和16时,Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣经两次连续浸出,铝的浸出率分别为68.25%和78.80%；浮渣真空蒸馏,在蒸馏温度为800～1000℃、蒸馏时间为30min、真空度为5～15Pa的实验条件下可以得到纯度大于99%的蒸馏锌,锌的挥发率大于99%,残留物中锌的含量可低至0.39%。锌铝合金真空蒸馏,将含铝为8.30%的锌铝合金在蒸馏温度为600～900℃、蒸馏时间为10～70min、真空度为5～15Pa的条件下进行实验,可以得到纯度大于99%的蒸馏锌,锌的挥发率达99.99%。并可得到纯度大于98%的铝,铝含锌可低至0.0066%,含铁低至0.042%、含硅小于1%。最后得本文中制定的再生Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣中铝、锌的工艺是可行的。
The Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue is one of produce in the process of hot dip Zn-Al alloy coating, it mianly composed of aluminium, zinc, iron and silicon. A certain amount of this residue is detrimental to the process of hot dip Zn-Al alloy coating. In the actual manutacturing operations they must go fishing this residue at regular interval. Aluminium and zinc contents of Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue are much, usually contain moer than 50% of aluminium,20～30% of zinc, the others component is iron and silicon. Large amount of this residue will increase the aluminium and zinc comsumption, resulting in increase of cost. There isn't a process of efficient recycling aluminium and zinc from this residue at persent. The resource of aluminium and zinc are gradually deficient, study on a process of efficient recycling aluminium and zinc from this residue is already very urgent.
In this paper, the process of recycling aluminum and zinc from Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue has been studied which based on the nature of aluminum and zinc, the resource of aluminum and zinc, the previous and current process of produce aluminum and zinc, the process of recycling aluminium and zinc and the process of hot dip Zn-Al alloy coating. It was demonstrated in theory, studie on effects of the factots on the experimental than summarize the rules by experiments. In order to provide the basic data of amplified experiments.
There are two steps in the process of recycling aluminum and zinc from Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue. The first step, separation aluminum from the Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue which aluminum content is 51.68%, zinc content is 20.59%, iron content is 19.12%, silicon content is 3.47% by leaching in the zinc, obtained Zn-Al alloy which aluminum content is 1～20% and slag which zinc content is 80～90%. The second step, separation zinc and aluminum from Zn-Al alloy and zinc from slag by vacuum distillation. Vacuum distillation of Zn-Al alloy got the zinc which purity is more than 99% and aluminum which purity is more than 98%. Also vacuum distillation of slag got the zinc which purity is more than 99% and residue which zinc content is lower than 0.39%.
The result of experiments showed leaching rate of aluminum increased with increasing leaching temperature, increasing ingot temperature and increasing material ratio. The optimum parameters are as follow:leaching time 25 min, times of feeding Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue 2, size of Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue 10-3 mesh, stirring speed 260 r/min. The leaching rate of aluminum increased in operation of remelting slag, but the amplitude was small, and it is an alternative operation. It can increased the leaching rate of aluminum in operation of leached Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue for two or many times, obtained Zn-Al alloy which aluminum content was high, iron and silicon content was low, obtained slag which zinc content was high. The leaching rate of aluminum was 68.25% under condition of material ratio was 8, and the leaching rate of aluminum was 78.80% under condition of material ratio was 16. Result of vacuum distillation showed, Vacuum distillation of slag under the distillation temperature was 800～1000℃, distillation time was 30min, vacuum degrees was 5～15Pa, we have got zinc which purity was 99%, the volatilization rate of zinc was higher than 99%, zinc content was 0.39% in the residue. Vacuum distillation of Zn-Al alloy, zinc content was 8.3% as raw material under the distillation temperature was 600～900℃, distillation time was 10～70min, vacuum degrees was 5～15Pa, we have got zinc which purity was higher than 99%, volatilization rate of zinc was 99.99%. And aluminum which purity was higher than 98%, zinc content was 0.0066%, iron content was 0.042%, silicon content can be less than 1%.
本论文从铝、锌的性质,铝、锌当前的资源状况,以前、现行的生产铝、锌的工艺和再生工艺及热浸镀锌铝合金工艺着手,研究再生Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣中铝、锌的工艺,并在理论上对工艺进行分析论证,通过实验室小型实验验证工艺的可行性,研究各因素对实验的影响,总结各因素对实验影响的规律,为扩大实验提供基础性数据。
再生Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣中铝、锌的工艺分两步进行：第一步,用锌浸出含铝为51.68%、含锌为20.59%、含铁为19.12%、含硅为3.47%的Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣,分离渣中的铝,得到含铝为1～20%的富锌锌铝合金和含锌为80～98%、含铝为2～15%的浮渣；第二步,锌铝合金和浮渣的真空蒸馏,锌铝合金真空蒸馏得纯度大于99%的锌和纯度大于98%的铝,浮渣真空蒸馏得纯度大于99%的锌,残渣中锌的含量可低至0.39%。
由本研究可得：用锌浸出Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣中铝的实验,铝的浸出率随浸出温度及铸样温度的升高、物料配比的增大而增大。最优的浸出时间为25min、分次加Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣的次数为2次、Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣粒度为3～10目、搅拌速度为260r/min。对浮渣进行重熔可以提高铝的浸出率,但是提高的幅度不大,该操作可依具体情况选择。对Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣进行两次或多次浸出,可以进一步提高铝的浸出率,得到适合蒸馏的含铝较高、含铁和硅低的锌铝合金及含铝低的富锌浮渣,物料配比为8和16时,Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣经两次连续浸出,铝的浸出率分别为68.25%和78.80%；浮渣真空蒸馏,在蒸馏温度为800～1000℃、蒸馏时间为30min、真空度为5～15Pa的实验条件下可以得到纯度大于99%的蒸馏锌,锌的挥发率大于99%,残留物中锌的含量可低至0.39%。锌铝合金真空蒸馏,将含铝为8.30%的锌铝合金在蒸馏温度为600～900℃、蒸馏时间为10～70min、真空度为5～15Pa的条件下进行实验,可以得到纯度大于99%的蒸馏锌,锌的挥发率达99.99%。并可得到纯度大于98%的铝,铝含锌可低至0.0066%,含铁低至0.042%、含硅小于1%。最后得本文中制定的再生Al-Zn-Fe-Si渣中铝、锌的工艺是可行的。
The Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue is one of produce in the process of hot dip Zn-Al alloy coating, it mianly composed of aluminium, zinc, iron and silicon. A certain amount of this residue is detrimental to the process of hot dip Zn-Al alloy coating. In the actual manutacturing operations they must go fishing this residue at regular interval. Aluminium and zinc contents of Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue are much, usually contain moer than 50% of aluminium,20～30% of zinc, the others component is iron and silicon. Large amount of this residue will increase the aluminium and zinc comsumption, resulting in increase of cost. There isn't a process of efficient recycling aluminium and zinc from this residue at persent. The resource of aluminium and zinc are gradually deficient, study on a process of efficient recycling aluminium and zinc from this residue is already very urgent.
In this paper, the process of recycling aluminum and zinc from Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue has been studied which based on the nature of aluminum and zinc, the resource of aluminum and zinc, the previous and current process of produce aluminum and zinc, the process of recycling aluminium and zinc and the process of hot dip Zn-Al alloy coating. It was demonstrated in theory, studie on effects of the factots on the experimental than summarize the rules by experiments. In order to provide the basic data of amplified experiments.
There are two steps in the process of recycling aluminum and zinc from Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue. The first step, separation aluminum from the Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue which aluminum content is 51.68%, zinc content is 20.59%, iron content is 19.12%, silicon content is 3.47% by leaching in the zinc, obtained Zn-Al alloy which aluminum content is 1～20% and slag which zinc content is 80～90%. The second step, separation zinc and aluminum from Zn-Al alloy and zinc from slag by vacuum distillation. Vacuum distillation of Zn-Al alloy got the zinc which purity is more than 99% and aluminum which purity is more than 98%. Also vacuum distillation of slag got the zinc which purity is more than 99% and residue which zinc content is lower than 0.39%.
The result of experiments showed leaching rate of aluminum increased with increasing leaching temperature, increasing ingot temperature and increasing material ratio. The optimum parameters are as follow:leaching time 25 min, times of feeding Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue 2, size of Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue 10-3 mesh, stirring speed 260 r/min. The leaching rate of aluminum increased in operation of remelting slag, but the amplitude was small, and it is an alternative operation. It can increased the leaching rate of aluminum in operation of leached Al-Zn-Fe-Si residue for two or many times, obtained Zn-Al alloy which aluminum content was high, iron and silicon content was low, obtained slag which zinc content was high. The leaching rate of aluminum was 68.25% under condition of material ratio was 8, and the leaching rate of aluminum was 78.80% under condition of material ratio was 16. Result of vacuum distillation showed, Vacuum distillation of slag under the distillation temperature was 800～1000℃, distillation time was 30min, vacuum degrees was 5～15Pa, we have got zinc which purity was 99%, the volatilization rate of zinc was higher than 99%, zinc content was 0.39% in the residue. Vacuum distillation of Zn-Al alloy, zinc content was 8.3% as raw material under the distillation temperature was 600～900℃, distillation time was 10～70min, vacuum degrees was 5～15Pa, we have got zinc which purity was higher than 99%, volatilization rate of zinc was 99.99%. And aluminum which purity was higher than 98%, zinc content was 0.0066%, iron content was 0.042%, silicon content can be less than 1%.
引文
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[3]潘世文.ZnFeSiAl四元体系富锌角450℃等温截面的测定及高温镀锌组织的研究：[硕士学位论文].湘潭：湘潭大学,2006
[4]Dominic Phelan, Bao Jiang Xu, Rian Dippenaar.Formation of intermetallic phases on 55wt% Al-Zn-Si hot dip strip.Materials Science and Engineering,2006, A420:144-149
[5]黄跃进.Zn-5%Al-Re合金镀层钢丝的形貌和耐腐蚀分析.腐蚀及防护,2003,4(18)：28-31
[6]徐宝强,杨斌,刘大春,等.真空蒸馏法处理热镀锌渣回收金属锌的研究.有色矿冶,2007,23(4)：53-55
[7]Winkler O, Bakish R. Vacuum Merallurgy. Amsterdan:Elsevier,1971
[8]刘媛媛,杨斌.真空蒸馏分离锌铝合金的研究.江苏冶金,2008,36(1)：32-34
[9]吴国元,戴永年.高炉炼铝的研究进展.云南冶金,2002,31(1)：35-38
[10]Adams Jr, Clyde M. Aluminum production. U. S. Pat,4188207,1980,2,12
[11]Erwin Maser. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Aluminium. Germany. Pat,812118,1951,8,27
[12]Paul Weiss. Process for the Production and Recovery of Pure Aluminium with the Aid of Aluminium Halides. British. Pat,734480,1955,8,3
[13]Donald F Othmer. Method for Producing Aluminum metal Directly from Ore. U. S. Pat, 3793003,1974,2,19
[14]Donald F Othmer. Method for Producing Aluminum metal Directly from Ore. U. S. Pat, 3853541,1974,10,10
[15]Loutfy. Method of winning aluminum metal from aluminous ore. U. S. Pat,4265716,1981, 5,5
[16]Weston. Production of a purified aluminum monochloride from alumina, bauxites and clays and the subsequent production of aluminum metal. U. S. Pat,4536212,1985,8,20
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