基于WEB的探究性学习系统的设计与实现
摘要
20世纪90年代以来,欧美等发达国家纷纷提出“主题探究”和项目学习活动,在我国,随着新一轮课程改革如火如荼的开展,研究性学习及其课程开发已成为基础教育改革的一大亮点。本课题来源于广东省高校现代教育技术“151工程”,其主要内容是指在“十五”期间,组织全省高校研制开发100个专题学习网站,建设50个专业公用资源库,开展100项基于网上资源利用的教学改革试验研究。本文以探究性学习为指导策略,网站为媒介的专题学习系统,重点研究邓演达的社会主义思想、人权理论、经济理论等与当代中国社会经济发展有密切关系的课题。
信息技术教学作为以培养创新精神、研究能力和实践能力为目标取向的必修课程,它强调让学生通过研究性学习,对研究性课题进行探索、分析、研究,最后基于问题解决模式,在实践操作中培养学生科学的态度和价值观以及创新精神、创新思维、创造能力。
本文在分析当前国内外学习系统及探究性学习发展背景的基础上,结合基于WEB的探究性学习特点和专题学习内容的特点,设计了探究性学习策略,并使用基于WEB的相关开发技术,实现了一个《邓演达思想研究》为案例的专题学习系统。再根据项目的背景,对专题学习系统进行了需求分析和功能设计。
本文在下面的章节详细介绍了系统的技术实现过程。对于采用接受式探究性学习模式在系统中如何具体设计实现,以及系统安全机制的设计作了详细的介绍。本系统采用ASP+XML来构建,数据库则采用SQL Server 2000储存数据。在设计过程中,基于传统三层B/S结构的系统体系结构,并考虑到学习者应用系统开展协作式探究性学习时,需要与系统服务器交互大量数据,每次操作都需要从数据库提取然后传递给客户端,数据在中间没有办法保存,本文应用XML进行客户端与WEB服务器间的通信,使用XML处理数据,在客户端对变更的信息进行缓存,使数据的传输避免了在客户端和服务器之间大量重复传递和读取,降低了服务器的负担和出错率。
在技术实现上,采用B/S结构弥补了C/S结构的程序开发量大、系统维护困难、安全性难以保障等局限性。本系统采用ASP技术在执行效率上仍有一定弊端,在网络用户访问量大时,服务器的负担较重。这些问题还需要在以后的开发中解决和提高,建议采用更为完善和安全的ASP.net来代替ASP来构建系统。
本文最后对研究的课题进行了总结,提出探究型专题学习系统的实质是为学习者提供了一个基于网络的专题探究式的数字化学习平台,强调通过学习者主体性的探索、研究来求得问题的解决,对于本系统的建设提出了自己的实现方法。而探究型专题学习系统建设的规范性、应用性,及执行效率都值得长期关注和探讨。
Since 90's in the 20th century, Europe, United States and other developed countries have put in "study with particular themes" and started many related projects; while in China, with a new round of curriculum reform, research-based learning and curriculum development has become a big matter of the reform of basic education. The issue stems from the project on modern educational technology named "151 Project" held by Guangdong Province, whose main content is to set 100 special study sites across the province, construct 50 public resource libraries and develop 100 studies of the use of online resources based on teaching reform during the "Tenth Five-Year" period. In this paper, the guidance of exploratory learning strategies, Web-mediated learning system feature, Deng Yanda's socialist ideology, human rights theory, economic theory and so on closely related to the development of contemporary China has been given a focus.
Teaching based on information technology aims to foster the spirit of innovation, research ability and practical ability, which emphasizes on allowing students to learn through research, to learn to analysis, research, and finally solve the problem. During this process, students' scientific attitudes, values, as well as the spirit of innovation, innovative thinking, and creative ability are developed.
In this paper, based on the analysis of the current learning system at home and abroad, the development of the context of inquiry learning and the characteristics of inquiry learning and thematic learning which take WEB as a basis, the strategies of inquiry learning is designed and realize a thematic learning system based on "Deng Yanda Thought" and the use of WEB technology. Systematical analysis and functional design of special study then was made.
In the following sections of this paper the technical realizing of the use of exploratory learning and the design of security mechanisms in the system are given in detail. The system uses ASP + XML to build the database and data saved with SQL Server 2000. In the design process during the process of designing, three-layered B/S structure are served as the basis, and with a consideration that when the learners study with the help of this system, the exchange of the data are very frequent and during this process the data is impossible to be saved, so this paper suggest using XML to solve this problem.
The application system carries out the style cooperating with the learner when probing into nature study with interactive large amount of data of system server, operation at every time all requires that the secondary data base extracts and then transfers end to the customer way does not preserve data in the middle. XML, the main body of a book, is applied to carry out the customer communication between end and the WEB server, using XML to sell a data at reduced prices. Information ending on alteration in customer carries out slow existence. Transmission using a data has avoided in large amount, repeating delivery and fetching in the customer between end and the server, have reduced server burden and error rate.
In technology, B/S structure can make up for the disadvantages of C / S structure such as the large amount of program development, maintenance difficulties, and is hard to guarantee the security. The implementation of ASP technology still has certain defects, for example, when many user visits the network, the burden on the server is very heavy. These issues also need to address in the future development and suggest using a more perfect and securing ASP.net to replace the ASP to build the system.
Finally, the contents of the study are summarized, and the purpose of topic-based learning system is to provide learners with a web-based thematic inquiry digital learning platform, emphasizing the subjectivity of the learner to explore, and to find the solution, and to achieve their own methods for building the system. Long-term concern and study on the application, implementation and executive efficiency are deserved.
信息技术教学作为以培养创新精神、研究能力和实践能力为目标取向的必修课程,它强调让学生通过研究性学习,对研究性课题进行探索、分析、研究,最后基于问题解决模式,在实践操作中培养学生科学的态度和价值观以及创新精神、创新思维、创造能力。
本文在分析当前国内外学习系统及探究性学习发展背景的基础上,结合基于WEB的探究性学习特点和专题学习内容的特点,设计了探究性学习策略,并使用基于WEB的相关开发技术,实现了一个《邓演达思想研究》为案例的专题学习系统。再根据项目的背景,对专题学习系统进行了需求分析和功能设计。
本文在下面的章节详细介绍了系统的技术实现过程。对于采用接受式探究性学习模式在系统中如何具体设计实现,以及系统安全机制的设计作了详细的介绍。本系统采用ASP+XML来构建,数据库则采用SQL Server 2000储存数据。在设计过程中,基于传统三层B/S结构的系统体系结构,并考虑到学习者应用系统开展协作式探究性学习时,需要与系统服务器交互大量数据,每次操作都需要从数据库提取然后传递给客户端,数据在中间没有办法保存,本文应用XML进行客户端与WEB服务器间的通信,使用XML处理数据,在客户端对变更的信息进行缓存,使数据的传输避免了在客户端和服务器之间大量重复传递和读取,降低了服务器的负担和出错率。
在技术实现上,采用B/S结构弥补了C/S结构的程序开发量大、系统维护困难、安全性难以保障等局限性。本系统采用ASP技术在执行效率上仍有一定弊端,在网络用户访问量大时,服务器的负担较重。这些问题还需要在以后的开发中解决和提高,建议采用更为完善和安全的ASP.net来代替ASP来构建系统。
本文最后对研究的课题进行了总结,提出探究型专题学习系统的实质是为学习者提供了一个基于网络的专题探究式的数字化学习平台,强调通过学习者主体性的探索、研究来求得问题的解决,对于本系统的建设提出了自己的实现方法。而探究型专题学习系统建设的规范性、应用性,及执行效率都值得长期关注和探讨。
Since 90's in the 20th century, Europe, United States and other developed countries have put in "study with particular themes" and started many related projects; while in China, with a new round of curriculum reform, research-based learning and curriculum development has become a big matter of the reform of basic education. The issue stems from the project on modern educational technology named "151 Project" held by Guangdong Province, whose main content is to set 100 special study sites across the province, construct 50 public resource libraries and develop 100 studies of the use of online resources based on teaching reform during the "Tenth Five-Year" period. In this paper, the guidance of exploratory learning strategies, Web-mediated learning system feature, Deng Yanda's socialist ideology, human rights theory, economic theory and so on closely related to the development of contemporary China has been given a focus.
Teaching based on information technology aims to foster the spirit of innovation, research ability and practical ability, which emphasizes on allowing students to learn through research, to learn to analysis, research, and finally solve the problem. During this process, students' scientific attitudes, values, as well as the spirit of innovation, innovative thinking, and creative ability are developed.
In this paper, based on the analysis of the current learning system at home and abroad, the development of the context of inquiry learning and the characteristics of inquiry learning and thematic learning which take WEB as a basis, the strategies of inquiry learning is designed and realize a thematic learning system based on "Deng Yanda Thought" and the use of WEB technology. Systematical analysis and functional design of special study then was made.
In the following sections of this paper the technical realizing of the use of exploratory learning and the design of security mechanisms in the system are given in detail. The system uses ASP + XML to build the database and data saved with SQL Server 2000. In the design process during the process of designing, three-layered B/S structure are served as the basis, and with a consideration that when the learners study with the help of this system, the exchange of the data are very frequent and during this process the data is impossible to be saved, so this paper suggest using XML to solve this problem.
The application system carries out the style cooperating with the learner when probing into nature study with interactive large amount of data of system server, operation at every time all requires that the secondary data base extracts and then transfers end to the customer way does not preserve data in the middle. XML, the main body of a book, is applied to carry out the customer communication between end and the WEB server, using XML to sell a data at reduced prices. Information ending on alteration in customer carries out slow existence. Transmission using a data has avoided in large amount, repeating delivery and fetching in the customer between end and the server, have reduced server burden and error rate.
In technology, B/S structure can make up for the disadvantages of C / S structure such as the large amount of program development, maintenance difficulties, and is hard to guarantee the security. The implementation of ASP technology still has certain defects, for example, when many user visits the network, the burden on the server is very heavy. These issues also need to address in the future development and suggest using a more perfect and securing ASP.net to replace the ASP to build the system.
Finally, the contents of the study are summarized, and the purpose of topic-based learning system is to provide learners with a web-based thematic inquiry digital learning platform, emphasizing the subjectivity of the learner to explore, and to find the solution, and to achieve their own methods for building the system. Long-term concern and study on the application, implementation and executive efficiency are deserved.
引文
[1]黄荣怀 信息技术与教育 北京:北京师范大学出版社,2004:170-180
[2]李克东 数字化学习(上)-信息技术与课程整合的核心 电化教育研究,2001.8:46-49
[3]National Research Council(1996).The National Science Education Standards Washington DC:National Academy Press p.23
[4]李克东 数字化学习(下)-信息技术与课程整合的核心 电化教育研究,2001.9:18-22
[5]张华 论“研究性学习”课程的本质http://www.yj.pte.sh.cn/1-lilun/1-lilun/lilun-005.html
[6](美)国家研究理事 国家科学教育标准 北京:科学技术文献出版社,1999
[7]Bernie Dodge San Diego State University Some Thoughts About WebQuests[Z].http://edweb.sdsu.edu/courses/edtec596/about_WebQuests.ht ml
[8]陈志刚,曾志文,王红燕,多层客户/服务计算模型及实现技术 湖南:湖南科学技术出版社,2003:25-29
[9]基于B/S模式和C/S模式结合策略的仓储管理信息系统的总体结构http://www.ec21cn.com/
[10]华辁平,张玉宝 XML语言及应用 北京:清华大学出版社,北京交通大学出版社,2005,9
[11]印旻,景建萍 XML基础与应用教程 高等教育出版社,2001,7
[12]杨德华 WEB服务器端的动态网页技术 计算机应用研究,1999,16(10):16-17
[13](美)葛洛蒂(中)张国治 数字化世界 北京:电子工业出版社,1999
[14]王承君 WEB数据库技术应用教程 中国水利水电出版社,2005
[15]周文艳,赵晓华 通过ASP技术对WEB数据库的访问 商场现代化,2005
[16]钟荣超 ASP技术访问WEB数据库 中山大学学报,2005,11:44-45
[17]曹静 ASP技术在WEB数据库中的应用 教育信息化,2006
[18]岳国英 数据库技术实用教程 北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[19]谷震离 ADO访问SQL Server数据库技术分析及其应用 计算机应用与软件,2004
[20]尹萍 SQL Server数据库性能优化 计算机应用与软件,2005
[21]广东省高等学校现代教育技术“151工程”建设规范http://www.gd-etc.org/new/writing/doc/1118123318.58.doc
[22]柴晓路,梁宇奇 WEB Services技术、架构和应用 北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[23]陈静,程建钢,韩锡斌等 探究性学习支持平台的设计与实践 中国远程教育,2004
[24]张建伟 网络协作探究学习的设计 中国电化教育,2003
[25]陈婧,韩伯棠,姜莹 基于ASP技术的MIS安全机制研究 情报杂志,2003,8:39-40
[26]彭建,黄家林 基于ASP技术的WEB网站安全措施分析 电脑与信息技术,2002
[27]徐世浩 高校教育网站ASP.net技术应用研究 电化教育研究,2004
[28]巩林立 基于ASP技术的WEB网站多级安全机制分析 现代图书情报技术,2004
[29]时亚娟,顾军华,林煦 ASP环境下提供信息服务的安全技术研究与实现 河北工业大学学报,2005,10:69-72
[30]陈松乔,任胜兵,王国军 现代软件工程 北京:北方交通大学出版社,2002
[31]邵洁,于红华 基于XML学习资源的构筑与实现 微型电脑应用,2005
[32]孙玉明 基于ASP和SQL技术的人力资源网络数据库设计研究 大众科技,2005,4:100-101
[33]邹羚 用ASP开发在线测试系统 上海铁道科技,2004.3
[34]何丰 基于CSCL的网络学习系统设计与实现 华中科技大学学报,2003
[35]鄂大伟 WEB数据库访问技术分析与比较 http://www.ies.impu.cn/
[36]陈波,朱庆生 基于ASP.NET的面向对象网页设计 计算机工程与应用 2003
[37]郑庆华,李人厚 CSCW协作多用户接口的设计与实现 小型微型计算机系统,1998,19(1):40-45
[38]谭郁松,王晓东,周兴铭 CSCW研究中关键技术分析 计算机科学 1998,25(3):34-40
[39]翟洁,邵俊华,陈越 一个分布式网络考试系统的设计与实现 微机发展,2001,11(1):76-79
[40]李人厚,郑庆华,鲍家元 CSCW的概念、理论和应用 计算机工程与应用,1997,33(2):28-34
[41]丁贵广 ASP编程基础与实例 北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[42]National Research Council The National Science Education Standards Washington DC:National Academy Press 1996
[43]http://www.net130.com
[44]陈庆章,林建明,赵新建,胡同森 WEB环境下的合作学习系统的设计与实现 计算机工程,2000,9:73-75
[45]赵建华,李克东 WEB环境下协作学习系统开发的现状及趋势(上) 电化教育研究,2004,1:28-31
[46]赵建华,李克东 WEB环境下协作学习系统开发的现状及趋势(下) 电化教育研究,2004,2:28-35
[47]丁晓云 网络环境下的研究性学习与学生创新能力培养 中国电化教育,2003
[48]Thomas M Connolly CarolynE Begg数据库设计教程 北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[49]O'Malley CL Scanlon E Computer-suported Collaborative Leaming:Problem Solving and Distance Education Computers Education 1990,15:127-136
[50][美]Chris Psyne WEB Teaching Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers,2001
[51]WILLIAM PARDI XML in axtion The Coriolis Group,Inc,1999
[52][美]Chris Psyne WEB Teaching Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.2001
[53]WILLIAM PARDI XML in axtion The Coriolis Group,Inc,1999
[2]李克东 数字化学习(上)-信息技术与课程整合的核心 电化教育研究,2001.8:46-49
[3]National Research Council(1996).The National Science Education Standards Washington DC:National Academy Press p.23
[4]李克东 数字化学习(下)-信息技术与课程整合的核心 电化教育研究,2001.9:18-22
[5]张华 论“研究性学习”课程的本质http://www.yj.pte.sh.cn/1-lilun/1-lilun/lilun-005.html
[6](美)国家研究理事 国家科学教育标准 北京:科学技术文献出版社,1999
[7]Bernie Dodge San Diego State University Some Thoughts About WebQuests[Z].http://edweb.sdsu.edu/courses/edtec596/about_WebQuests.ht ml
[8]陈志刚,曾志文,王红燕,多层客户/服务计算模型及实现技术 湖南:湖南科学技术出版社,2003:25-29
[9]基于B/S模式和C/S模式结合策略的仓储管理信息系统的总体结构http://www.ec21cn.com/
[10]华辁平,张玉宝 XML语言及应用 北京:清华大学出版社,北京交通大学出版社,2005,9
[11]印旻,景建萍 XML基础与应用教程 高等教育出版社,2001,7
[12]杨德华 WEB服务器端的动态网页技术 计算机应用研究,1999,16(10):16-17
[13](美)葛洛蒂(中)张国治 数字化世界 北京:电子工业出版社,1999
[14]王承君 WEB数据库技术应用教程 中国水利水电出版社,2005
[15]周文艳,赵晓华 通过ASP技术对WEB数据库的访问 商场现代化,2005
[16]钟荣超 ASP技术访问WEB数据库 中山大学学报,2005,11:44-45
[17]曹静 ASP技术在WEB数据库中的应用 教育信息化,2006
[18]岳国英 数据库技术实用教程 北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[19]谷震离 ADO访问SQL Server数据库技术分析及其应用 计算机应用与软件,2004
[20]尹萍 SQL Server数据库性能优化 计算机应用与软件,2005
[21]广东省高等学校现代教育技术“151工程”建设规范http://www.gd-etc.org/new/writing/doc/1118123318.58.doc
[22]柴晓路,梁宇奇 WEB Services技术、架构和应用 北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[23]陈静,程建钢,韩锡斌等 探究性学习支持平台的设计与实践 中国远程教育,2004
[24]张建伟 网络协作探究学习的设计 中国电化教育,2003
[25]陈婧,韩伯棠,姜莹 基于ASP技术的MIS安全机制研究 情报杂志,2003,8:39-40
[26]彭建,黄家林 基于ASP技术的WEB网站安全措施分析 电脑与信息技术,2002
[27]徐世浩 高校教育网站ASP.net技术应用研究 电化教育研究,2004
[28]巩林立 基于ASP技术的WEB网站多级安全机制分析 现代图书情报技术,2004
[29]时亚娟,顾军华,林煦 ASP环境下提供信息服务的安全技术研究与实现 河北工业大学学报,2005,10:69-72
[30]陈松乔,任胜兵,王国军 现代软件工程 北京:北方交通大学出版社,2002
[31]邵洁,于红华 基于XML学习资源的构筑与实现 微型电脑应用,2005
[32]孙玉明 基于ASP和SQL技术的人力资源网络数据库设计研究 大众科技,2005,4:100-101
[33]邹羚 用ASP开发在线测试系统 上海铁道科技,2004.3
[34]何丰 基于CSCL的网络学习系统设计与实现 华中科技大学学报,2003
[35]鄂大伟 WEB数据库访问技术分析与比较 http://www.ies.impu.cn/
[36]陈波,朱庆生 基于ASP.NET的面向对象网页设计 计算机工程与应用 2003
[37]郑庆华,李人厚 CSCW协作多用户接口的设计与实现 小型微型计算机系统,1998,19(1):40-45
[38]谭郁松,王晓东,周兴铭 CSCW研究中关键技术分析 计算机科学 1998,25(3):34-40
[39]翟洁,邵俊华,陈越 一个分布式网络考试系统的设计与实现 微机发展,2001,11(1):76-79
[40]李人厚,郑庆华,鲍家元 CSCW的概念、理论和应用 计算机工程与应用,1997,33(2):28-34
[41]丁贵广 ASP编程基础与实例 北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[42]National Research Council The National Science Education Standards Washington DC:National Academy Press 1996
[43]http://www.net130.com
[44]陈庆章,林建明,赵新建,胡同森 WEB环境下的合作学习系统的设计与实现 计算机工程,2000,9:73-75
[45]赵建华,李克东 WEB环境下协作学习系统开发的现状及趋势(上) 电化教育研究,2004,1:28-31
[46]赵建华,李克东 WEB环境下协作学习系统开发的现状及趋势(下) 电化教育研究,2004,2:28-35
[47]丁晓云 网络环境下的研究性学习与学生创新能力培养 中国电化教育,2003
[48]Thomas M Connolly CarolynE Begg数据库设计教程 北京:机械工业出版社,2003
[49]O'Malley CL Scanlon E Computer-suported Collaborative Leaming:Problem Solving and Distance Education Computers Education 1990,15:127-136
[50][美]Chris Psyne WEB Teaching Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers,2001
[51]WILLIAM PARDI XML in axtion The Coriolis Group,Inc,1999
[52][美]Chris Psyne WEB Teaching Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.2001
[53]WILLIAM PARDI XML in axtion The Coriolis Group,Inc,1999