中学生网络成瘾心理机制模型的研究
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摘要
目的:了解中学生网络成瘾发生的流行病学特征,探索社会心理因素在网络成瘾发生中的作用,并阐明一定的影响机制,为进一步研究和干预提供参考。
方法:采用整群及分层抽样结合的方法,选取市内三所普通中学的1106名中学生,进行集体调查。调查表内容包括:(1) Young的网络成瘾诊断量表(IAT);(2)父母养育方式量表(EMBU);(3)社会支持量表;(4)青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC);(5)流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D);(6) UCLA孤独量表;(7)自尊量表(SES)。应用SPSS11.5软件进行描述性分析、单因素分析及非条件Logistic回归分析;应用LISREL软件进行结构方程分析,构建影响因素对中学生网络成瘾作用的因果模型。
结果:调查对象网络成瘾发生率为8.99%,其中男生13.06%,女生4.81%,性别差异有显著性意义。经单因素和非条件Logistic逐步回归分析显示,消极的父母教养方式、抑郁、孤独等个性心理因素、负性生活事件、性别为男性等是中学生网络成瘾发生的危险因素;积极的父母教养方式、社会支持、自尊等则是中学生网络成瘾发生的保护因素。结构方程模型分析进一步证实了各因素作用的大小及方向,其中父母教养方式、性别、社会支持及负性生活事件等因素对中学生网络成瘾预测模型的贡献较大。
结论:结构方程模型较好地拟合了社会心理因素对中学生网络成瘾发生的影响作用。预测模型证实模型内诸因素对中学生网络成瘾的影响作用的同时,也肯定了模型外尚存在其他因素对网络成瘾的作用。这种多因素的成因机制决定了网络成瘾的预防和干预是一项综合工程,应从多角度入手,多种方式综合实施。
Objectives: This study was designed to: a) find out the epidemiology of Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) in middle-school students and analyze the social psychological factors of IAD; b) identify and quantify the relative contributions of these factors to the probability of an internet addition disorder and seek after the mechanism that these factors work; c) offer an useful model for further research and prevention and control on IAD of middle-school students.
Methods: Cluster random sampling and stratified random sampling were used to select the samples. 1106 students were selected from three urban normal middle schools. The all students picked out were investigated by classes with these scales: a) Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT); b) Parental Education Style(EMBU); c) Social Support Questionnaire; d) Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List(ASLEC); e) Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D); f) UCLA Loneliness Scale; g) The Self-esteem Inventory. Software SPSS 11.5 was used for descriptive analysis, single-factor analysis and unconditional Logistic stepwise regression analysis. Software LISREL was used for Structural Equation Model analysis to establish effect model for IAD.
Results: Of the middle school students investigated, 8.99% were diagnosed IAD, 13.06% in male students and 4.81% in female students. There was a remarkable difference between the male and female. The single-factor analysis and unconditional stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that negative parental education style, life events, depression, loneliness and male were the risk factors of IAD. Positive parental education style, social support and self-esteem were the protective factors. Structural equation model analysis confirmed power and direction of the social and psychological factors and showed that parental education style, gender, life events, social support made greater contribution to the effect model of IAD.
Conclusions: Structural Equation Modeling is a powerful statistical modeling technique by which the relationship between the IAD and social psychological factors was well explained. In one hand, the IAD psychology mechanism forecasting model approved parental education style, social support, life events, depression, loneliness, self-esteem were the exterior and internal influential factors of IAD, in the other hand, it affirmed that others factors’effect out of the model were existing. The multiple-factor mechanism showed that IAD’s prevention and control was a social system project involving many subject fields. The society should pay more attention to it. The preventing project should be implemented from mutiple angles and by many means.
方法:采用整群及分层抽样结合的方法,选取市内三所普通中学的1106名中学生,进行集体调查。调查表内容包括:(1) Young的网络成瘾诊断量表(IAT);(2)父母养育方式量表(EMBU);(3)社会支持量表;(4)青少年生活事件量表(ASLEC);(5)流调中心用抑郁量表(CES-D);(6) UCLA孤独量表;(7)自尊量表(SES)。应用SPSS11.5软件进行描述性分析、单因素分析及非条件Logistic回归分析;应用LISREL软件进行结构方程分析,构建影响因素对中学生网络成瘾作用的因果模型。
结果:调查对象网络成瘾发生率为8.99%,其中男生13.06%,女生4.81%,性别差异有显著性意义。经单因素和非条件Logistic逐步回归分析显示,消极的父母教养方式、抑郁、孤独等个性心理因素、负性生活事件、性别为男性等是中学生网络成瘾发生的危险因素;积极的父母教养方式、社会支持、自尊等则是中学生网络成瘾发生的保护因素。结构方程模型分析进一步证实了各因素作用的大小及方向,其中父母教养方式、性别、社会支持及负性生活事件等因素对中学生网络成瘾预测模型的贡献较大。
结论:结构方程模型较好地拟合了社会心理因素对中学生网络成瘾发生的影响作用。预测模型证实模型内诸因素对中学生网络成瘾的影响作用的同时,也肯定了模型外尚存在其他因素对网络成瘾的作用。这种多因素的成因机制决定了网络成瘾的预防和干预是一项综合工程,应从多角度入手,多种方式综合实施。
Objectives: This study was designed to: a) find out the epidemiology of Internet Addiction Disorder (IAD) in middle-school students and analyze the social psychological factors of IAD; b) identify and quantify the relative contributions of these factors to the probability of an internet addition disorder and seek after the mechanism that these factors work; c) offer an useful model for further research and prevention and control on IAD of middle-school students.
Methods: Cluster random sampling and stratified random sampling were used to select the samples. 1106 students were selected from three urban normal middle schools. The all students picked out were investigated by classes with these scales: a) Young’s Internet Addiction Test (IAT); b) Parental Education Style(EMBU); c) Social Support Questionnaire; d) Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List(ASLEC); e) Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D); f) UCLA Loneliness Scale; g) The Self-esteem Inventory. Software SPSS 11.5 was used for descriptive analysis, single-factor analysis and unconditional Logistic stepwise regression analysis. Software LISREL was used for Structural Equation Model analysis to establish effect model for IAD.
Results: Of the middle school students investigated, 8.99% were diagnosed IAD, 13.06% in male students and 4.81% in female students. There was a remarkable difference between the male and female. The single-factor analysis and unconditional stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that negative parental education style, life events, depression, loneliness and male were the risk factors of IAD. Positive parental education style, social support and self-esteem were the protective factors. Structural equation model analysis confirmed power and direction of the social and psychological factors and showed that parental education style, gender, life events, social support made greater contribution to the effect model of IAD.
Conclusions: Structural Equation Modeling is a powerful statistical modeling technique by which the relationship between the IAD and social psychological factors was well explained. In one hand, the IAD psychology mechanism forecasting model approved parental education style, social support, life events, depression, loneliness, self-esteem were the exterior and internal influential factors of IAD, in the other hand, it affirmed that others factors’effect out of the model were existing. The multiple-factor mechanism showed that IAD’s prevention and control was a social system project involving many subject fields. The society should pay more attention to it. The preventing project should be implemented from mutiple angles and by many means.
引文
[1] Hall A.S. Parsons, J. Internet addiction: College student case study using best practices in cognitive behavior therapy. Journal of mental health counseling. 2001, 23(4): 312-327
[2] Davis R.A. A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 2001, 17(2): 187-195
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[9] Pratarelli M., Browne BL. Confirmatory factor analysis of internet use and addiction. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 2002, 5(1): 53-64
[10] Hamburger Y. A., Ben-Artzi E. Loneliness and Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 2003, 19(1): 71-80
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[1] Hall A.S. Parsons1, J. Internet addiction: College student case study using best practices in cognitive behavior therapy. Journal of mental health counseling. 2001,23(4): 312-327
[2] Davis, R.A. A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 2001, 17(2): 187-195
[3] Morahan-Martin, J., Schumacher P. Incidence and correlates of Pathological Internet Use. Computers in Human Behavior, 2000, 16(1): 13-19
[4]张晓阳,席震芳.初中学生网络成瘾及其与人格关系的研究,中国当代医学.2004,3(14):17-21
[5]芮光来,王伟,姚应水,等.大学生网络成瘾的流行病学调查,中国行为医学科学.2004,13(3):333-334
[6]吴汉荣,朱克京.影响大学生网络成瘾相关因素的路径分析.中国公共卫生,2004, 20(11):1363-1364
[7] Young K. S., Rodgers R. The relationship between depression using the BDI and pathological Internet use. The 105th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association, Chicago, 1997
[8]林绚辉.网络成瘾现象研究概述,中国临床心理学杂志,2002,10(1):74-78
[9]潘琼,肖水源.病理性互联网使用研究进展.中国临床心理学杂志,2002,10(3):237-239
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[12] Pratarelli M., Browne BL. Confirmatory factor analysis of internet use and addiction. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 2002, 5(1): 53-64
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[19] Mitchell P. Internet Addiction genuine diagnosis or not. Lancet, 2000, 355: 362-363
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[2] Davis R.A. A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 2001, 17(2): 187-195
[3] Morahan-Martin, J., Schumacher P. Incidence and correlates of Pathological Internet Use. Computers in Human Behavior, 2000, 16(1): 13-19
[4]中国互联网信息中心.中国互联网发展状况报告.2002,7
[5]张晓阳,席震芳.初中学生网络成瘾及其与人格关系的研究,中国当代医学.2004,3(14):17-21
[6]杨立刚,盛军利,陈国威.大学生网络成瘾者行为调查研究,中华医学研究杂志.2006,11(3):133-134
[7]吴汉荣,朱克京.影响大学生网络成瘾相关因素的路径分析.中国公共卫生,2004, 20(11):1363-1364
[8] Young K. S., Rogers R. The relationship between depression and Internet addiction. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 1997, 1: 25-28
[9] Pratarelli M., Browne BL. Confirmatory factor analysis of internet use and addiction. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 2002, 5(1): 53-64
[10] Hamburger Y. A., Ben-Artzi E. Loneliness and Internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 2003, 19(1): 71-80
[11] Armstrong L.,Phillips J. G.,Saling L. Potential determinants of heavier internet usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 2000, 53(4): 537-550
[12] Young, K. S. Caught in net: How to recognize the signs of internet addiction and a wining strategy for recovery. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons,1998
[13]林绚辉,阎巩固.大学生上网行为及网络成瘾探讨.中国心理卫生杂志,2001,4(15):281-283
[14] Mitchell P. Internet Addiction genuine diagnosis or not. Lancet, 2000, 355: 362-363
[15]汪向东,王希林,马宏.心理卫生评定量表手册.中国心理卫生杂志,1999年(增刊)106-318
[16]张文彤.SPSS11统计分析教程(高级篇).北京:希望电子出版社,2002:82-83
[17]张家放.医用多元统计方法.湖北:华中科技大学出版社,2002:339-342
[18]侯杰泰,温忠麟,成子娟.结构方程模型及其应用.北京:教育科学出版社,2002:15-17
[19]曲波,郭海强,任继萍,等.结构方程模型及其在医学中的应用.数理医药杂志,2006,19(4):349-350
[20]张晓阳,席震芳,严红妹.城市初中生网络成瘾与其网络行为的相关研究.中国学校卫生,2004,25(5):607-608
[21]卢桂玲,廉鹏.中学生网络成瘾患者的相关因素观察.泰山卫生,2004,28(2):4-6
[22]石庆馨,周荣刚,葛燕,等.中学生网络成瘾和感觉寻求的关系.中国心理卫生杂志,2005,19(7):453-456
[23]芮光来,王伟,姚应水,等.大学生网络成瘾的流行病学调查.中国行为医学科学,2004,13(3):333-335
[24] Anderson KJ. Internet use among college students: An exploratory study. Am College Health, 2001, 50(1): 21-23
[25] Patricia Wallace.互联网心理学.北京:中国轻工业出版社,2001
[26]吴明霞,罗琴,李红梅,等.大一新生网络心理问题调查研究.心理科学,2004,27(5):901-904
[27]江楠楠.上海市大学生因特网成瘾障碍的研究.上海师范大学硕士毕业论文,2003
[28] Katz J.E., Rice R.E., Aspden, et al. The Internet, 1995-2000: Access, Civic Involvement, and Social Interaction. American Behavioral Scientist, 2001, 45: 405-419
[29]王立皓,童辉杰.大学生网络成瘾与社会支持、交往焦虑、自我和谐的关系研究.健康心理学杂志,2003,11(2):94-97
[30]周军,郑日昌,刘佳因.因特网使用与心理健康.中国心理卫生杂志,2002,16(10):685-687
[31] Walther, J. B. Computer-mediated communication: Impersonal, interpersonal, and hypersonal interaction. Communication Research, 1996, 23: 3-43
[32] Krout R., Patterson M., Lundmark V., et al. Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being. American Psychologist, 1998, 53: 1017-1020
[33]胡岚.大学生网络成瘾倾向与生活事件、应对方式、社会支持的关系研究.浙江大学硕士毕业论文,2005
[34]金伯利·S·扬.网虫综合症-网瘾的症状与康复策略.上海:上海译文出版社,2000:190-192
[35]赵鑫.网络成瘾青少年生活事件的对比研究.中国学校卫生,2006,27(12):1046-1047
[36] Leo Sang-Min Whang, Sujin Lee, Geunyoung Chang. Internet Over-users’Psychological Profiles: A behavior Sampling Analysis on Internet Addiction. Cyber Psychology & Behavior, 2003, 6(2): 143
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