基于情感性动机的病理性网络用户的认知决策特性
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摘要
病理性网络使用主要指个体全身心沉溺于互联网使用,即使因过度使用网络而造成影响生活、学习和工作及损害身心健康的情况仍然不能减少或停止使用互联网。研究者一致认为,病理性网络使用的核心特征表现为难以控制上网冲动。具体而言,基于情感性动机的病理性网络用户面对可能的社会功能和身心健康的损失,仍然继续使用互联网来追求即时情感满足。鉴于病理性网络用户与物质依赖者具有类似的冲动性行为模式,可以借鉴已广泛应用于评定物质依赖者等各类临床人群的行为决策的实验研究范式来探讨病理性网络用户的认知冲动性,以加深对病理性网络使用行为的心理机制的认识。。
本研究包括两个实验。实验一通过与健康网络使用用户的比较,采用基于延迟折扣模型的延迟折扣任务(Delay Discounting Task, DDT),考察基于情感性动机的病理性网络用户在延迟强化情境中的认知决策模式,旨在揭示该类人群对长远价值的心理反应方式;实验二采用基于躯体标记假设的Iowa赌博任务(Iowa Gambling Task, IGT)考察该类人群面临兼具奖赏和惩罚情境时的冲动性决策特征,旨在揭示其对收益-风险并存决策任务的反应模式。
本研究得到以下主要结论:相对于非情感性动机的健康网络使用者,基于情感性动机的病理性网络用户认知决策特性既表现为对即时奖赏的高敏感性及对延迟价值的非敏感性,又表现为对潜在风险的高敏感性。前者导致其忽视人生长远价值而持续沉溺于虚拟空间的人际情感沟通,后者则导致其回避对现实生活中具有潜在风险的价值追求。
Pathological Internet Use is mainly described as a syndrome of intense preoccupation with using the Internet and lack of control Internet use, which eventually causes psychological, social, school, and/or work difficulties in a person’s life. Current researchers have reached an agreement on that the impulse behavior is the core characteristic in pathological Internet users of social-affective motives who would rather satisfy their emotional needs immediately than focus on possible long-time negative consequences. Based on the similarities in clinical picture between pathological Internet use behavior and substance dependent disorder, the experiment paradigm aimed at studying substance dependent participants’impulsive decision-making could be used to explore the cognitive impulsivity of pathological Internet users.
The present study is composed of two formal experiments. The first one is to inspect the reaction patterns in delayed reinforcement situations in Pathological Internet users, using the delay discounting paradigm basing on behavior economics. The second experiment is designed to see into the decision-making process in risk-decision situations, using Iowa gambling task based on somatic marker hypothesis.
The main results are as follows: compared to the normal persons, the impairment of decision making function in pathological Internet users of social-affective motives were manifested in their hyposensitivity to immediate rewards and their insensitivity to delayed value, which led pathological Internet users to preoccupation with virtual social activities on the Interest and ignorance of long-time value in the life. Moreover, pathological Internet users’good performance in the Iowa gambling task suggested their hyposensitivity to potential risk, which indicated they avoided seeking success with potential risk in the real life.
本研究包括两个实验。实验一通过与健康网络使用用户的比较,采用基于延迟折扣模型的延迟折扣任务(Delay Discounting Task, DDT),考察基于情感性动机的病理性网络用户在延迟强化情境中的认知决策模式,旨在揭示该类人群对长远价值的心理反应方式;实验二采用基于躯体标记假设的Iowa赌博任务(Iowa Gambling Task, IGT)考察该类人群面临兼具奖赏和惩罚情境时的冲动性决策特征,旨在揭示其对收益-风险并存决策任务的反应模式。
本研究得到以下主要结论:相对于非情感性动机的健康网络使用者,基于情感性动机的病理性网络用户认知决策特性既表现为对即时奖赏的高敏感性及对延迟价值的非敏感性,又表现为对潜在风险的高敏感性。前者导致其忽视人生长远价值而持续沉溺于虚拟空间的人际情感沟通,后者则导致其回避对现实生活中具有潜在风险的价值追求。
Pathological Internet Use is mainly described as a syndrome of intense preoccupation with using the Internet and lack of control Internet use, which eventually causes psychological, social, school, and/or work difficulties in a person’s life. Current researchers have reached an agreement on that the impulse behavior is the core characteristic in pathological Internet users of social-affective motives who would rather satisfy their emotional needs immediately than focus on possible long-time negative consequences. Based on the similarities in clinical picture between pathological Internet use behavior and substance dependent disorder, the experiment paradigm aimed at studying substance dependent participants’impulsive decision-making could be used to explore the cognitive impulsivity of pathological Internet users.
The present study is composed of two formal experiments. The first one is to inspect the reaction patterns in delayed reinforcement situations in Pathological Internet users, using the delay discounting paradigm basing on behavior economics. The second experiment is designed to see into the decision-making process in risk-decision situations, using Iowa gambling task based on somatic marker hypothesis.
The main results are as follows: compared to the normal persons, the impairment of decision making function in pathological Internet users of social-affective motives were manifested in their hyposensitivity to immediate rewards and their insensitivity to delayed value, which led pathological Internet users to preoccupation with virtual social activities on the Interest and ignorance of long-time value in the life. Moreover, pathological Internet users’good performance in the Iowa gambling task suggested their hyposensitivity to potential risk, which indicated they avoided seeking success with potential risk in the real life.
引文
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