蛋白酶和木聚糖酶对肉鸡生长性能、消化机能及血液指标的影响
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摘要
本试验分别以蛋白酶和木聚糖酶作为内源酶和外源酶(或称消化酶和非消化酶)的代表,通过观测小麦型日粮中添加不同水平蛋白酶和木聚糖酶对1-21 d和22-42 d肉鸡生长性能、消化机能及血液指标的影响,研究不同类型酶制剂的作用机理,为酶制剂在家禽日粮中的合理使用提供理论依据。1 d健康Cobb 500肉仔鸡972只,随机分为9个处理,每处理9重复,每重复12只,采用双因子完全随机试验设计,分别饲喂在基础日粮中添加不同水平蛋白酶(0、4000、32000 U/kg)和木聚糖酶(0、1000、8000 U/kg)的试验日粮,试验分为1-21d和22-42 d两期进行。
结果表明,4000 U/kg蛋白酶+1000 U/kg木聚糖酶组显著降低1-21 d肉鸡采食量(P<0.05)。主效应分析表明,32000 U/kg蛋白酶添加水平趋于提高1-21 d肉鸡采食量(P=0.080),并显著提高22-42 d肉鸡体增重(P<0.05),但对各阶段饲料转化率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。
蛋白酶和木聚糖酶对1-21 d和22-42 d肉鸡消化器官指数均无显著影响(P>0.05)。主效应分析表明,1000 U/kg和8000 U/kg木聚糖酶水平均趋于提高1-21 d回肠指数(P =0.051)。
8000 U/kg木聚糖酶添加水平使1-21 d和22-42 d肉鸡小肠食糜淀粉酶活性分别提高9.87%和6.82%,并显著提高22-42 d肉鸡脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)和胰蛋白酶活性(P<0.05)。32000 U/kg蛋白酶添加水平使1-21 d和22-42 d肉鸡小肠食糜淀粉酶活性分别降低8.75%和28.14%,并显著降低1-21 d肉鸡小肠食糜脂肪酶活性(P<0.05),趋于降低22-42 d肉鸡脂肪酶活性(P=0.091)。
1-21d主效应分析表明,4000 U/kg蛋白酶水平和1000 U/kg木聚糖酶水平均可显著降低空肠肌层厚度(P<0.05),32000 U/kg蛋白酶水平趋于降低十二指肠(P=0.111)和空肠绒毛高度(P=081),显著降低十二指肠(P<0.05)和回肠V/C(P<0.05)。8000 U/kg木聚糖酶水平显著降低十二指肠隐窝深度(P<0.05),显著提高十二指肠V/C(P<0.05),显著提高空肠绒毛宽度(P<0.05),并趋于降低回肠肌层厚度(P =0.065)。22-21d主效应分析表明,4000 U/kg蛋白酶添加水平显著降低十二指肠、空肠和回肠的隐窝深度和肌层厚度(P<0.05),32000 U/kg蛋白酶添加水平显著降低十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度、V/C(P<0.05),1000 U/kg和8000 U/kg木聚糖酶水平均显著降低十二指肠、空肠和回肠隐窝深度(P<0.05),并显著提高十二指肠、空肠和回肠V/C(P<0.05)。8000 U/kg木聚糖酶添加水平显著降低空肠肌层厚度(P<0.05)。
32000 U/kg蛋白酶组显著降低1-21 d肉鸡血糖含量(P<0.05);1000 U/kg木聚糖酶、8000 U/kg木聚糖酶、4000 U/kg蛋白酶+1000 U/kg木聚糖酶组显著降低22-42 d肉鸡血液中尿酸含量(P<0.05)。主效应分析表明,32000 U/kg蛋白酶添加水平显著降低1-21 d和22-42 d肉鸡血糖含量(P<0.05);1000 U/kg和8000 U/kg木聚糖酶水平均显著降低22-42 d肉鸡血液中尿酸含量(P<0.05)。
适宜量蛋白酶(4000 U/kg)或木聚糖酶(1000 U/kg)及其组合均显著改善肉鸡消化机能及血液指标。高剂量蛋白酶(32000 U/kg)对肉鸡消化机能和血液指标均产生负面影响。高剂量木聚糖酶(8000 U/kg)对肉鸡生长性能、消化机能和血液指标均无负面影响,且对肠道组织学形态有进一步的改善作用。表明两类酶制剂的作用机理不完全相同。
With protease and xylanase as the representative of endogenous and exogenous enzymes, this experiment was conducted to investigate the mechanism of these two kinds of enzymes through observing the effects of different levels of protease and xylanase on performance, digestive function and blood parameters on broilers in order to provide theoretical foundation of reasonable application of enzymes in poultry diets. Nine hundred and seventy two 1-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were randomly divided into 9 treatments, with 9 replicates of 12 broilers each. The wheat-based diets were supplemented with 0, 4000, 32000 U/kg protease and 0, 1000, 8000 U/kg xylanase using a 3x3 factorial design. The experiment periods were starter phase (1 to 21 d) and grower phase (22 to 42 d).
The results showed that supplementation of 4000 U/kg protease +1000 U/kg xylanase significantly decreased the feed intake (P<0.05); Level of 32000 U/kg protease tended to increase the feed intake of 1 to 21 days broiler chicks (P =0.080) and significantly increased the weight gain of 22 to 42 days broiler chicks (P<0.05), but still didn’t show any effects on FCR (P>0.05).
Protease and xylanase supplementation had no effects on the digestive organs indices of broiler chicks (P>0.05); Level of 1000 U/kg xylanase and 8000 U/kg xylanase tended to increase the index of ileum of 1 to 21 days broiler chicks (P =0.051).
Level of 8000 U/kg xylanase significantly increased the activities of lipase and trypsin of 22 to 42 days broiler chicks (P<0.05), and increased the activities of amylase of 1 to 21 days and 22 to 42 days broiler chicks by 9.87% and 6.82%. Level of 32000 U/kg protease significantly decreased the activities of lipase of 1 to 21 days broiler chicks (P<0.05), tended to decreased the activities of lipase of 22 to 42 days broiler chicks (P=0.091) and decreased the activities of amylase of 1 to 21 days and 22 to 42 days broiler chicks by 8.75% and 28.14%.
Main effect of 1 to 21 days broiler chicks showed that level of 32000 U/kg protease tended to decrease the villus height of duodenum (P=0.111) and jejunum (P=0.081) and significantly decreased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum and ileum (P<0.05). Level of 8000 U/kg xylanase significantly decreased the crypt depth of duodenum (P<0.05), increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum (P<0.05) and the villus width of jejunum (P<0.05) and tended to decrease the muscle thickness of ileum (P=0.065). Level of 4000 U/kg protease and 1000 U/kg xylanase significantly decreased the muscle thickness of jejunum (P<0.05). Main effect of 22 to 42 days broiler chicks showed that level of 4000 U/kg protease significantly decreased the crypt depth and muscle thickness of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P<0.05). Level of 32000 U/kg protease significantly decreased the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P<0.05). Level of 1000 U/kg xylanase and 8000 U/kg xylanase significantly decreased crypt depth of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P<0.05), and significantly increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P<0.05). Level of 8000 U/kg xylanase significantly decreased the muscle thickness of jejunum (P<0.05).
Supplementation of 32000 U/kg protease significantly decreased the contents of blood glucose of 1 to 21 days broiler chicks (P<0.05); Supplementation of 1000 U/kg xylanase, 8000 U/kg xylanase and 4000 U/kg protease +1000 U/kg xylanase significantly decreased the contents of uric acid of 22 to 42 days broiler chicks (P<0.05); Level of 32000 U/kg protease significantly decreased the contents of blood glucose of 1 to 21 days and 22 to 42 days broiler chicks (P<0.05); Level of 1000 U/kg xylanase and 8000 U/kg xylanase significantly decreased the contents of uric acid of 22 to 42 days broiler chicks (P<0.05).
It can be concluded that appropriate level of protease (4000 U/kg) and xylanase (1000 U/kg) improved the digestive function and blood parameters. Excess level of xylanase(8000 U/kg) had no negative effect on performance, digestive function and blood parameters, and even had significantly positive effect on intestinal morphology while excess level of protease(32000 U/kg) had negative effects on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology and blood parameters. It is suggested that there is difference between these two kinds of enzymes.
结果表明,4000 U/kg蛋白酶+1000 U/kg木聚糖酶组显著降低1-21 d肉鸡采食量(P<0.05)。主效应分析表明,32000 U/kg蛋白酶添加水平趋于提高1-21 d肉鸡采食量(P=0.080),并显著提高22-42 d肉鸡体增重(P<0.05),但对各阶段饲料转化率均无显著影响(P>0.05)。
蛋白酶和木聚糖酶对1-21 d和22-42 d肉鸡消化器官指数均无显著影响(P>0.05)。主效应分析表明,1000 U/kg和8000 U/kg木聚糖酶水平均趋于提高1-21 d回肠指数(P =0.051)。
8000 U/kg木聚糖酶添加水平使1-21 d和22-42 d肉鸡小肠食糜淀粉酶活性分别提高9.87%和6.82%,并显著提高22-42 d肉鸡脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)和胰蛋白酶活性(P<0.05)。32000 U/kg蛋白酶添加水平使1-21 d和22-42 d肉鸡小肠食糜淀粉酶活性分别降低8.75%和28.14%,并显著降低1-21 d肉鸡小肠食糜脂肪酶活性(P<0.05),趋于降低22-42 d肉鸡脂肪酶活性(P=0.091)。
1-21d主效应分析表明,4000 U/kg蛋白酶水平和1000 U/kg木聚糖酶水平均可显著降低空肠肌层厚度(P<0.05),32000 U/kg蛋白酶水平趋于降低十二指肠(P=0.111)和空肠绒毛高度(P=081),显著降低十二指肠(P<0.05)和回肠V/C(P<0.05)。8000 U/kg木聚糖酶水平显著降低十二指肠隐窝深度(P<0.05),显著提高十二指肠V/C(P<0.05),显著提高空肠绒毛宽度(P<0.05),并趋于降低回肠肌层厚度(P =0.065)。22-21d主效应分析表明,4000 U/kg蛋白酶添加水平显著降低十二指肠、空肠和回肠的隐窝深度和肌层厚度(P<0.05),32000 U/kg蛋白酶添加水平显著降低十二指肠、空肠和回肠的绒毛高度、V/C(P<0.05),1000 U/kg和8000 U/kg木聚糖酶水平均显著降低十二指肠、空肠和回肠隐窝深度(P<0.05),并显著提高十二指肠、空肠和回肠V/C(P<0.05)。8000 U/kg木聚糖酶添加水平显著降低空肠肌层厚度(P<0.05)。
32000 U/kg蛋白酶组显著降低1-21 d肉鸡血糖含量(P<0.05);1000 U/kg木聚糖酶、8000 U/kg木聚糖酶、4000 U/kg蛋白酶+1000 U/kg木聚糖酶组显著降低22-42 d肉鸡血液中尿酸含量(P<0.05)。主效应分析表明,32000 U/kg蛋白酶添加水平显著降低1-21 d和22-42 d肉鸡血糖含量(P<0.05);1000 U/kg和8000 U/kg木聚糖酶水平均显著降低22-42 d肉鸡血液中尿酸含量(P<0.05)。
适宜量蛋白酶(4000 U/kg)或木聚糖酶(1000 U/kg)及其组合均显著改善肉鸡消化机能及血液指标。高剂量蛋白酶(32000 U/kg)对肉鸡消化机能和血液指标均产生负面影响。高剂量木聚糖酶(8000 U/kg)对肉鸡生长性能、消化机能和血液指标均无负面影响,且对肠道组织学形态有进一步的改善作用。表明两类酶制剂的作用机理不完全相同。
With protease and xylanase as the representative of endogenous and exogenous enzymes, this experiment was conducted to investigate the mechanism of these two kinds of enzymes through observing the effects of different levels of protease and xylanase on performance, digestive function and blood parameters on broilers in order to provide theoretical foundation of reasonable application of enzymes in poultry diets. Nine hundred and seventy two 1-day-old Cobb 500 broilers were randomly divided into 9 treatments, with 9 replicates of 12 broilers each. The wheat-based diets were supplemented with 0, 4000, 32000 U/kg protease and 0, 1000, 8000 U/kg xylanase using a 3x3 factorial design. The experiment periods were starter phase (1 to 21 d) and grower phase (22 to 42 d).
The results showed that supplementation of 4000 U/kg protease +1000 U/kg xylanase significantly decreased the feed intake (P<0.05); Level of 32000 U/kg protease tended to increase the feed intake of 1 to 21 days broiler chicks (P =0.080) and significantly increased the weight gain of 22 to 42 days broiler chicks (P<0.05), but still didn’t show any effects on FCR (P>0.05).
Protease and xylanase supplementation had no effects on the digestive organs indices of broiler chicks (P>0.05); Level of 1000 U/kg xylanase and 8000 U/kg xylanase tended to increase the index of ileum of 1 to 21 days broiler chicks (P =0.051).
Level of 8000 U/kg xylanase significantly increased the activities of lipase and trypsin of 22 to 42 days broiler chicks (P<0.05), and increased the activities of amylase of 1 to 21 days and 22 to 42 days broiler chicks by 9.87% and 6.82%. Level of 32000 U/kg protease significantly decreased the activities of lipase of 1 to 21 days broiler chicks (P<0.05), tended to decreased the activities of lipase of 22 to 42 days broiler chicks (P=0.091) and decreased the activities of amylase of 1 to 21 days and 22 to 42 days broiler chicks by 8.75% and 28.14%.
Main effect of 1 to 21 days broiler chicks showed that level of 32000 U/kg protease tended to decrease the villus height of duodenum (P=0.111) and jejunum (P=0.081) and significantly decreased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum and ileum (P<0.05). Level of 8000 U/kg xylanase significantly decreased the crypt depth of duodenum (P<0.05), increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum (P<0.05) and the villus width of jejunum (P<0.05) and tended to decrease the muscle thickness of ileum (P=0.065). Level of 4000 U/kg protease and 1000 U/kg xylanase significantly decreased the muscle thickness of jejunum (P<0.05). Main effect of 22 to 42 days broiler chicks showed that level of 4000 U/kg protease significantly decreased the crypt depth and muscle thickness of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P<0.05). Level of 32000 U/kg protease significantly decreased the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P<0.05). Level of 1000 U/kg xylanase and 8000 U/kg xylanase significantly decreased crypt depth of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P<0.05), and significantly increased the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P<0.05). Level of 8000 U/kg xylanase significantly decreased the muscle thickness of jejunum (P<0.05).
Supplementation of 32000 U/kg protease significantly decreased the contents of blood glucose of 1 to 21 days broiler chicks (P<0.05); Supplementation of 1000 U/kg xylanase, 8000 U/kg xylanase and 4000 U/kg protease +1000 U/kg xylanase significantly decreased the contents of uric acid of 22 to 42 days broiler chicks (P<0.05); Level of 32000 U/kg protease significantly decreased the contents of blood glucose of 1 to 21 days and 22 to 42 days broiler chicks (P<0.05); Level of 1000 U/kg xylanase and 8000 U/kg xylanase significantly decreased the contents of uric acid of 22 to 42 days broiler chicks (P<0.05).
It can be concluded that appropriate level of protease (4000 U/kg) and xylanase (1000 U/kg) improved the digestive function and blood parameters. Excess level of xylanase(8000 U/kg) had no negative effect on performance, digestive function and blood parameters, and even had significantly positive effect on intestinal morphology while excess level of protease(32000 U/kg) had negative effects on digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology and blood parameters. It is suggested that there is difference between these two kinds of enzymes.
引文
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