基于802.11的无线网状网路由与传输技术研究
|
摘要
无线网状网是一种具有网状拓扑结构的分布式网络,其通信依靠节点之间的相互协作,以无线多跳的方式为终端用户提供因特网的接入服务。无线网状网由于具有高容量、高速率、低成本以及扩展性强等众多优点,近年来受到了业界和学术界的广泛关注,具有非常广阔的应用前景。然而,网状的拓扑结构、多接口多信道的节点配置以及复杂的无线环境,使得无线网状网所能达到的传输性能还远不能满足用户的需求。因此,作为提高无线网状网系统性能的关键技术,路由与传输协议的改进成为目前的研究热点。
基于对无线网状网技术的认识与研究,本文围绕路由与传输技术相关的无线网状网路由协议、网络编码和拥塞控制等问题,进行了深入细致地分析和探讨,并取得了一定的成果。论文的主要研究内容与创新成果归纳如下:
第一,首先对无线网状网的相关背景与研究现状进行了综述。无线网状网是一种新型的无线接入网技术,在各个网络层次上都有很多值得研究的问题存在,特别是路由与传输技术对于提高无线网状网系统性能起着举足轻重的作用,因此论文重点分析了现有路由和传输协议的相关成果以及所面临的问题。
第二,介绍了无线网状网中现有的路由协议,针对路由判据这一当前热点问题展开研究,在归纳和分析几种具有代表性的路由判据基础上,提出了一种多判据的无线网状网路由算法MEIL(Routing Metric on ETX,Interference and Load)。MEIL将无线链路的质量,同频信道之间的干扰以及节点的负载情况综合起来考虑,作为路由选择的判据,使得数据包可以沿着丢包率少、干扰低、负载轻的路径传输,有利于提高网络性能。仿真结果表明,相比于其他常见的路由算法,MEIL能够产生较好的吞吐量与时延特性。
第三,为了解决现有的无线网状网路由协议在实际无线信道环境下性能降低的问题,提出了一种基于概率路由思想的SPRP(Simple Proportional Routing Protocol)协议。SPRP预先建立好以网关节点为根节点的路由树,当数据包到达时,根据无线链路当前的丢包率与节点中预存的子节点集合,动态选择下一跳节点,减轻了链路质量突变对路由协议的影响。同时,由于报文是经过多条可能的路径到达目的节点,从而平衡了网络中节点的负载状况。仿真结果表明,SPRP能够在信道质量不稳定的情况下,有效提高系统吞吐量,降低业务延时。
第四,在研究网络编码相关理论知识的基础上,针对现有的网络编码技术在无线网状网中的应用问题进行了深入的探讨,并提出一种基于业务优先级的概率编码策略PNCP(Proportional Network Coding with Priority)。PNCP主要考虑到无线网状网中业务类型的差异较大,并且报文的到达过程通常具有随机性的问题,使节点为优先级不同的业务流分别维护缓存队列,根据业务自身的优先级和当前队列的状态,灵活的选择是否进行网络编码。利用马尔可夫链建立了节点缓存队列的状态转换模型,并在此模型下推导出丢包率、队列长度、延时等参数的理论值。理论分析和仿真结果都验证了PNCP简单高效的编码策略使其在几乎不影响网络编码优势的前提下,较大幅度的改善了系统性能。
第五,无线网状网中信道衰落、地理环境等因素会导致随机丢包现象的频繁出现,传统的TCP拥塞控制机制由于无法判断丢包原因,往往会不必要的减小拥塞窗口,导致吞吐量无法得到提高。文中提出了一种根据回路响应时间RTT(Round-Trip Time)的变化进行拥塞控制的算法MRBR(Modified Reno Based RTT)。MRBR在慢启动阶段根据RTT值进行带宽估计,避免网络发生拥塞时连续多个报文的丢失。在拥塞避免阶段,利用RTT值实时估算网络拥塞等级,区分拥塞丢包与随机丢包,并相应的改变拥塞窗口的大小,仿真的结果也显示出MRBR算法的性能优势。
A Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is a distribution network of mesh topology, in which the communications between nodes rely on mutual collaboration in wireless multi-hop manner, to provide Internet access for End-Users. WMNs have recently received a great deal of global attention because of its advantages of high capacity, high data rate, low cost and good scalability. However, the mesh network topology, multi-radio multi-channel configuration, and the complexity of wireless environment make the system performance unfit for the requirement of users. So the design of routing and transmission protocols is critical to the performance of wireless mesh networks, and it has been an active area of research recently.
Focused on the mesh routing and transmission, this dissertation discusses and analyzes the problems of routing protocol, network coding and congestion control in detail. Main contents and innovations are listed as follows:
1) The background and research status of WMNs are reviewed firstly. Problems within each layer, especially in routing and transmission layers, are introduced.
2) The study of existing routing protocols in WMNs shows that the selection of routing metrics is very important. A routing protocol named MEIL (Routing Metric on ETX, Interference and Load) is proposed in Chapter 3. MEIL designs routing metrics according to the wireless link loss, interference between channels as well as the load of wireless mesh nodes. Then it chooses the path with lower loss, smaller interference and lighter load. Simulation results show that it improves the throughput of wireless mesh network efficiently.
3) Considering the instability of link quality, Chapter 3 also presents a novel routing protocol named SPRP (Simple Proportional Routing Protocol). SPRP constructs a spanning tree based on the gateway node in advance. It doesn't choose the "Best Path", but selects next hop for a single packet according to the wireless link loss at that instant. In this way, SPRP can efficiently mitigate the impact of high loss rates and balance the load of nodes. Simulation results indicate that SPRP outperforms other common routing protocols with better packet delivery ratio and less end-to-end delay.
4) Based on the research of network coding, Chapter 4 proposes a Proportional Network Coding with Priority (PNCP) method. Considering the diversity of traffic flows and the stochastic nature of the packet arrival process in wireless mesh networks, PNCP keeps different queues in node buffer for different flows. Whether a packet is transmitted with or without network coding is determined by its priority and the queue state. A Markov Chain Model is formulated to analyze PNCP's performance in terms of delay and packet loss. Theoretical calculation and simulation results show that PNCP produces better performance than the current strategy without degrading the predominance of network coding.
5) The application of TCP over wireless mesh networks is a challenging work due to high bit error rates. Chapter 5 proposed a congestion control scheme MRBR (Modified Reno Based RTT). In slow start phase, MRBR estimates the bandwidth using RTT to avoid sequential packets loss. In congestion avoidance phase, MRBR estimates congestion level by RTT, distinguishes between wireless link error and network congestion, as well as changes the congestion window size. Network simulation shows that MRBR improves the throughput of wireless mesh networks.
基于对无线网状网技术的认识与研究,本文围绕路由与传输技术相关的无线网状网路由协议、网络编码和拥塞控制等问题,进行了深入细致地分析和探讨,并取得了一定的成果。论文的主要研究内容与创新成果归纳如下:
第一,首先对无线网状网的相关背景与研究现状进行了综述。无线网状网是一种新型的无线接入网技术,在各个网络层次上都有很多值得研究的问题存在,特别是路由与传输技术对于提高无线网状网系统性能起着举足轻重的作用,因此论文重点分析了现有路由和传输协议的相关成果以及所面临的问题。
第二,介绍了无线网状网中现有的路由协议,针对路由判据这一当前热点问题展开研究,在归纳和分析几种具有代表性的路由判据基础上,提出了一种多判据的无线网状网路由算法MEIL(Routing Metric on ETX,Interference and Load)。MEIL将无线链路的质量,同频信道之间的干扰以及节点的负载情况综合起来考虑,作为路由选择的判据,使得数据包可以沿着丢包率少、干扰低、负载轻的路径传输,有利于提高网络性能。仿真结果表明,相比于其他常见的路由算法,MEIL能够产生较好的吞吐量与时延特性。
第三,为了解决现有的无线网状网路由协议在实际无线信道环境下性能降低的问题,提出了一种基于概率路由思想的SPRP(Simple Proportional Routing Protocol)协议。SPRP预先建立好以网关节点为根节点的路由树,当数据包到达时,根据无线链路当前的丢包率与节点中预存的子节点集合,动态选择下一跳节点,减轻了链路质量突变对路由协议的影响。同时,由于报文是经过多条可能的路径到达目的节点,从而平衡了网络中节点的负载状况。仿真结果表明,SPRP能够在信道质量不稳定的情况下,有效提高系统吞吐量,降低业务延时。
第四,在研究网络编码相关理论知识的基础上,针对现有的网络编码技术在无线网状网中的应用问题进行了深入的探讨,并提出一种基于业务优先级的概率编码策略PNCP(Proportional Network Coding with Priority)。PNCP主要考虑到无线网状网中业务类型的差异较大,并且报文的到达过程通常具有随机性的问题,使节点为优先级不同的业务流分别维护缓存队列,根据业务自身的优先级和当前队列的状态,灵活的选择是否进行网络编码。利用马尔可夫链建立了节点缓存队列的状态转换模型,并在此模型下推导出丢包率、队列长度、延时等参数的理论值。理论分析和仿真结果都验证了PNCP简单高效的编码策略使其在几乎不影响网络编码优势的前提下,较大幅度的改善了系统性能。
第五,无线网状网中信道衰落、地理环境等因素会导致随机丢包现象的频繁出现,传统的TCP拥塞控制机制由于无法判断丢包原因,往往会不必要的减小拥塞窗口,导致吞吐量无法得到提高。文中提出了一种根据回路响应时间RTT(Round-Trip Time)的变化进行拥塞控制的算法MRBR(Modified Reno Based RTT)。MRBR在慢启动阶段根据RTT值进行带宽估计,避免网络发生拥塞时连续多个报文的丢失。在拥塞避免阶段,利用RTT值实时估算网络拥塞等级,区分拥塞丢包与随机丢包,并相应的改变拥塞窗口的大小,仿真的结果也显示出MRBR算法的性能优势。
A Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) is a distribution network of mesh topology, in which the communications between nodes rely on mutual collaboration in wireless multi-hop manner, to provide Internet access for End-Users. WMNs have recently received a great deal of global attention because of its advantages of high capacity, high data rate, low cost and good scalability. However, the mesh network topology, multi-radio multi-channel configuration, and the complexity of wireless environment make the system performance unfit for the requirement of users. So the design of routing and transmission protocols is critical to the performance of wireless mesh networks, and it has been an active area of research recently.
Focused on the mesh routing and transmission, this dissertation discusses and analyzes the problems of routing protocol, network coding and congestion control in detail. Main contents and innovations are listed as follows:
1) The background and research status of WMNs are reviewed firstly. Problems within each layer, especially in routing and transmission layers, are introduced.
2) The study of existing routing protocols in WMNs shows that the selection of routing metrics is very important. A routing protocol named MEIL (Routing Metric on ETX, Interference and Load) is proposed in Chapter 3. MEIL designs routing metrics according to the wireless link loss, interference between channels as well as the load of wireless mesh nodes. Then it chooses the path with lower loss, smaller interference and lighter load. Simulation results show that it improves the throughput of wireless mesh network efficiently.
3) Considering the instability of link quality, Chapter 3 also presents a novel routing protocol named SPRP (Simple Proportional Routing Protocol). SPRP constructs a spanning tree based on the gateway node in advance. It doesn't choose the "Best Path", but selects next hop for a single packet according to the wireless link loss at that instant. In this way, SPRP can efficiently mitigate the impact of high loss rates and balance the load of nodes. Simulation results indicate that SPRP outperforms other common routing protocols with better packet delivery ratio and less end-to-end delay.
4) Based on the research of network coding, Chapter 4 proposes a Proportional Network Coding with Priority (PNCP) method. Considering the diversity of traffic flows and the stochastic nature of the packet arrival process in wireless mesh networks, PNCP keeps different queues in node buffer for different flows. Whether a packet is transmitted with or without network coding is determined by its priority and the queue state. A Markov Chain Model is formulated to analyze PNCP's performance in terms of delay and packet loss. Theoretical calculation and simulation results show that PNCP produces better performance than the current strategy without degrading the predominance of network coding.
5) The application of TCP over wireless mesh networks is a challenging work due to high bit error rates. Chapter 5 proposed a congestion control scheme MRBR (Modified Reno Based RTT). In slow start phase, MRBR estimates the bandwidth using RTT to avoid sequential packets loss. In congestion avoidance phase, MRBR estimates congestion level by RTT, distinguishes between wireless link error and network congestion, as well as changes the congestion window size. Network simulation shows that MRBR improves the throughput of wireless mesh networks.
引文
[1]Bruno R,Conti M,Gregori E.Mesh networks:commodity multihop Ad hoc networks[J].IEEE Communications Magazine,2005,43(3):123-131.
[2]I.F.Akyildiz,X.Wang,and W.Wang.Wireless Mesh Networks:A Survey.Computer Networks Journal (Elsevier),March 2005.
[3]IEEE 802.11 Standard Group Web Site.http://www.ieee802.org/11/.
[4]杨瑾婧,罗汉文,邓泳.无线网状网技术分析[J].有线电视技术.2005,(5):21-23.
[5]Thompson K,Miller GJ,Wilder R.Wide Area Interact Traffic Patterns and Characteristics.IEEE Network,1997,11(6):10-23.
[6]MIT Roofnet.http://www.pdos.lcs.mit.edu/roofnet/.
[7]UCSD mesh networks testbed,http://www.calit2.net/.
[8]BWN lab.http://www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/bwn/mesh/.
[9]Nortel Mesh Networks,http://www.nortelnetworks.com/solutions/wrlsmesh/index.html.
[10]MeshNetworks Inc.http://www.meshnetworks.com/pages/technology/msr_atp_overview.htm.
[11]Tropos Networks.http://www.tropos.com/technology/whitepaper.shtml.
[12]西南交通大学移动通信研究所.http://sist.swjtu.edu.cn/imc/.
[13]F.Cali,M.Conti,E.Gregori.Dynamic tuning of the IEEE 802.11 protocol to achieve a theoretical throughput limit.IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,8(6),pp.785-799,2000.
[14]Y.B.Ko,V.Shankarkumar,N.H.Vaidya.Medium access control protocols using directional antennas in ad hoc networks.In:IEEE INFOCOM,2000,pp.13-21.
[15]A.Acharya,A.Misra,S.Bansal.High-performance architectures for IP-based multihop 802.11 networks.IEEE Wireless Communications,10(5),pp.22-28,2003.
[16]K.Jain,J.Padhye,V.Padmanabhan,L.Qiu.Impact of interference on multi-hop wireless network performance.In:ACM MOBICOM,2003,pp.66-80.
[17]J.-W.Kim,N.Bambos.Power efficient MAC scheme using channel probing in multirate wireless ad hoc networks.In:IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference,2002,pp.2380-2384.
[18] P. Bahl, R. Chandra, J. Dunagan. SSCH: slotted seeded channel hopping for capacity improvement in IEEE 802.11 ad hoc wireless networks. In: ACM MOBICOM, 2004, pp. 216-230.
[19] J. So, N. Vaidya. Multi-channel MAC for ad hoc networks: handling multi-channel hidden terminals using a single transceiver. In: ACM MOBIHOC, May 2004, pp. 222-233.
[20] http://www.engim.com/products_en3000.html.
[21] A. Adya, P. Bahl, J. Padhye, A. Wolman, L. Zhou. A multi-radio unification protocol for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. In: International Conferences on Broadband Networks (BroadNets), 2004.
[22] Microsoft Mesh Networks, Available from:
[23] Kiyon Autonomous Networks, Available from:.
[24] H. Balakrishnan, V. N. Padmanabhan, R.H.Katz. Network asymmetry: the effects of asymmetry on TCP performance. Mobile Networks and Applications, 1999,4:219-241.
[25] 0. B. Akan, I. F. Akyildiz. ARC: the analytical rate control scheme for real-time traffic in wireless networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2004,12(4): 634-644.
[26] Z. Fu, X. Meng, S. Lu. A transport protocol for supporting multimedia streaming in mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2003,21(10): 1615-1626.
[27] R. Bhatia and M. Kodialam. On power efficient communication over multi-hop wireless networks: joint routing scheduling and power control. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, vol. 2, pp. 1457-1466,2004.
[28] 方旭明. 下一代无线因特网络技术:无线Mesh网络.人民邮电出版社.2006 第一版: 108-110.
[29] R. Draves, J. Padhye, B. Zill. Comparisons of routing metrics for static multi-hop wireless networks. ACM SIGCOMM, August 2004, pp. 133-144.
[30] Lei Wang, Lianfang Zhang, Yantai Shu and Miao Dong. Multipath Source Routing in Wireless Ad hoc Networks. 2000 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol.1, pp. 479-483.
[31] A.K. Saha, D.B. Johnson. Self-organizing hierarchical routing for scalable ad hoc networking. Technical Report, TR04-433, Department of Computer Science, Rice University.
[32] Luigi Iannone, Ramin Khalili, Kav'e Salamatian, Serge Fdida. Cross-Layer Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks. Computer Networks. Mar, 2005. pp. 445-487.
[33] Jungmin So, Nitin Vaidya. A Routing Protocol for Utilizing Multiple Channels in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks with a Single Transceiver. Technical Report, October 2004.
[34] S. Biswas, R. Morris. ExOR: Opportunistic Multi-Hop Routing for Wireless Networks. Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'05, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pp.133-144,2005.
[35] Suli Zhao, Zhibin Wu, Arup Acharya, Dipankar Raychaudhuri. PARMA: A PHY/MAC Aware Routing Metric for Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks with Multi-Rate Radios. IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, WoWMoM 2005.
[36] Postel J. Transmission control protocol[S]. IETF RFC 793,1981.
[37] A. S. Tanenbaum.. Prentice Hall, ISBN: 0-1306-6102-3, 2003.
[38] M. Allman, V. Paxson, W. Stevens. TCP Congestion Control. IETF RFC 2581, 1999.
[39] Jacobson V. Congestion Avoidance and Control[J]. Computer Communication Review, 1988, 18(4): 314-329.
[40] W. Stevens. TCP slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and fast recovery algorithms. RFC 2001, 1997.
[41] S. Floyd. The New Reno Modification to TCP's Fast Recovery Algorithm[S].RFC 2582,1999.
[42] Lawrence S, Brak M, Larry L. TCP Vegas: End to End Congestion Avoidance on a global Internet[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(8), 1995.
[43] Broch, J., Johnson, D., and Maltz, D. "The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (DSR)", In Internet draft, IETF MANET Group, July 2004.
[44] C. Perkins, E. Belding-Royer, S. Das, "Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing", IETF RFC3561, Jul. 2003.
[45] C. Perkins, P. Bhagwat, "Highly dynamic destination-sequenced distane-vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers", Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'94.234-244,1994.
[46] D. De Couto, D. Aguayo, J. Bicket, and R. Morris. A High-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing. In Proceedings of ACM MOBICOM, 2003, pp. 134-146.
[47] AODV-UU Website http://core.it.uu.se/AdHoc/ImplementationPortal.
[48] A. Adya, P. Bahl, J. Padhye, A. Wolman, L. Zhou. A multi-radio unification protocol for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. International Conferences on Broadband Networks (BroadNets), 2004.
[49] Yaling Yang, Jun Wang, Robin Kravets, Designing Routing Metrics for Mesh Networks. In WiMesh, 2005.
[50] G Kulkarni, A Nandan, M Gerla, M Srivastava. A Radio Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks[R]. NESL Technical Report: TR-UCLA-NESL-200503-12,2005.
[51] Richard Draves, Jitendra Padhye, Brian Zill. Routing in Multi-Radio, Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks. in ACM Mobicom, 2004.
[52] http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.
[53] http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/～haskar/tens/.
[54]Jun Cheol Park and Sneha Kumar Kasera.Expected Data Rate:An Accurate High-Throughput Path Metric For Multi-Hop Wireless Routing.IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks(SECON)2005.
[55]Yaling Yang,Jun Wang,Robin Kravets,Interference-aware Load Balancing for Multihop Wireless Networks,Tech.Rep.UIUCDCS-R-2005-2526,Department of Computer Science,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,2005.
[56]郭嘉丰,张信明,谢飞,陈国良.基于节点空闲度的自适应移动Ad Hoc网络路由协议.软件学报,Vol.16.No.5,2005.
[57]Tasaki,F.Tamura,H.Sengoku,et al.A new channel assignment strategy towards the wireless mesh networks,Communications and the 5th International Symposium on Multi-Dimensional Mobile Communications Proceedings,2004.
[58]Osama Aboul-Magd,etc.Joint SEE-Mesh/Wi-Mesh Proposal to 802.11 TGs,doc-IEEE 802.11-06/0328r0,2006-02-27.
[59]Yun Hu,Shoubao Yang,Dapeng Wang,Lei Zhang,SMETT:A New Routing Metric for Multi-Radio and Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Network,in WiCOM 2006.
[60]A.Raniwala and T.C.Chiueh,Architecture and Algorithms for an IEEE 802.11-based Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Network.In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies(INFOCOM),volume 3,pp.2223-2234.IEEE Press,2005.
[61]L.Iannone and S Fdida,MRS:A simple cross-layer heuristic to improve throughput capacity in wireless mesh networks.In Proceedings of the 2005 ACM conference on Emerging network experiment and technology(CoNEXT),2005,pages 21-30,October 2005.
[62]Z.Zhong,and S.Nelakuditi,On the Efficacy of Opportunistic Routing.In Proceedings of SECON'07,June 2007.
[63]Aoki,H.et al.802.11 TGs Simple Efficient Extensible Mesh(SEE-Mesh)Proposal.IEEE P802.11 Wireless LANs,Document IEEE 802.11-05/0562r0,June 2005.
[64]http://www.cse.msu.edu/～wangbo1/ns2/nshowto8.html.
[65]D.Aguayo,J.Bicket,S.Biswas,G.Judd,and R.Morris,Link-level measurements from an 802.11b mesh network.In SIGCOMM,2004,34(4):121-132.
[66]R.Ahlswede,N.Cai,S.-Y.R.Li and R.W.Yeung,"Network information flow," IEEE Trans.on Information Theory,vol.46,pp.1204-1216,2000.
[67] P. A. Chou, Y. Wu, and K. Jain. Practical network coding. Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, Monticello, IL, October 20.
[68] S.-Y. R. Li, R. W. Yeung, and N. Cai. "Linear network coding". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Februray, 2003.
[69] R. Koetter, M. Medard. An algebraic approach to network coding. IEEE/ACM Trans.on Networking, 11(2003)5782-795.
[70] Y. Wu, P. A. Chou, S.-Y. Kung, "Minimum-Energy Multicast in Mobile Ad hoc Networks using Network Coding," 2004 IEEE Information Theory Workshop, San Antonio, Oct 25-29,2004.
[71] K. Jain, L. Lovasz, and P. A. Chou, "Building scalable and robust peer-to-peer overlay networks for broadcasting using network coding," ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, Las Vegas, NV, July 2005.
[72] S. Katti, H. Rahul, W. Hu, D. Katabi, M. M'edard, and J. Crowcroft. Network coding made practical. MIT CSAIL, Technical Report 2006-009, Feb. 2006.
[73] S. Zhang, S. Liew, and P. Lam. Physical layer network coding. In ACM MobiCom 2006, Los Angeles, US, September 24-29.
[74] 卢开澄,卢华明. 图论及其应用(第二版).清华大学出版社.
[75] T. Ho, R. Koetter, M. Medard, D. Karger and M. Effros. The Benefits of Coding over Routing in a Randomized Setting. ISIT 2003.
[76] S. Katti, D. Katabi, W. Hu, H. Rahul, and M. Medard. The importance of being opportunistic: Practical network coding for wireless environments. In Allerton, 2005.
[77] Yanmin Zhu, Yunhuai Liu, Hoilun Ngan, Quanbin Chen, Chen Qian, Jian Ma, Dian Zhang: Shift Coding: Efficient State Update in Mobile Peer-to-Peer Multiplayer Games. In ICPP Workshops 2007:58.
[78] Wei Chen, Khaled Letaief, Zhigang Cao. Opportunistic Network Coding for Wireless Networks. In IEEE ICC 2007.
[79] Jerry Le, John C.S. Lui, D.M. Chiu. How Many Packets Can We Encode? An Analysis of Practical Wireless Network Coding. In INFOCOM, 2008.
[80] Jilin Le, John C.S. Lui, Dah Ming Chiu. Towards Coding-Efficient Link-Scheduling and Coding-Aware Routing in Wireless Networks. In ICNP 2007.
[81] C. Peng, Q. Zhang, M. Zhao, and Y. Yao. SNCC: A Selective Network-Coded Cooperation Scheme in Wireless Networks. In IEEE ICC 2007.
[82] C. Peng, Q. Zhang, M. Zhao and Y. Yao. Opportunistic Network-Coded Cooperation in Wireless Networks. In IEEE WCNC 2007.
[83] H. Yomo and P. Popovski. Opportunistic Scheduling for Wireless Network Coding. In IEEE ICC 2007, Glasgow, Scotland, June, 2007.
[84] Hulya Seferoglu, Athina Markopoulou. Opportunistic Network Coding for Video Streaming over Wireless. In 16th International Packet Video Workshop (PV 2007).
[85] http://www.omnetpp.org/filemgmt/viewcat.php?cid=2.
[86] G Xylomenos, G C. Polyzos, P. Mahonen, M. Saaranen. TCP Performance Issues over Wireless Links. IEEE Commun. Mag., 39(4), Pages 52-58, April 2001.
[87] D. Chiu, R. Jain. Analysis of the Increase and Decrease Algorithm for Congestion Avoidance in Computer Networks. J. of Computer Networks and ISDN System, 1989,17(1):1-l4.
[88] D. Aguayo, J. Bicket, S. Biswas, G Judd, R. Morris. Link-level Measurements from an 802.11b Mesh Network. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 2004,34(4):121-132.
[89] R. Riemann, K. Winstein. Improving 802.11 Range with Forward Error Correction. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Tech. Rep, 2005.
[90] D. Eckhardt, P. Steenkiste. Improving wireless LAN performance via adaptive local error control. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Network Protocols, 1998,327-338.
[91] H. Balakrishnan, S. Seshan, and R.H. Katz. Improving Reliable Transport and Handoff Performance in Cellular Wireless Networks. ACM Wireless Networks Journal, Page 469-481, December 1995.
[92] Wan G Zeng, Meihua Zhan, Zhiwen Lin, and Ljiljana Trajkovic. Improving TCP Performance with Periodic Disconnections over Wireless Links. OPNETWORK 2003, Washington, DC, Aug. 2003.
[93] V. Tsaoussidis and H.Badr. TCP-Probing: Towards and Error Control Schema with Energy and Throughput Performance Gains. Proceedings of ICNP 2000, Pages 12-21, Nov.2000.
[94] V. Tsaoussidis and C. Zhang. TCP Real: Receiver-oriented congestion control. Computer Networks, Volume 40, Issue 4, Pages 477-497, Nov. 2002.
[95] Q. X. Pang, S. C. Liew, W. Wang, and V. O.K. Li, Performance Study of TCP Veno over WLAN and RED Router. IEEE Globecom 2003, Volume 6, Pages 3237-3241, Dec. 2003.
[96] R. K. Balan, B. P. Lee, K. R. R. Kumar, L. Jacob, W. K. G Seah, A. L. Ananda. TCP HACK: TCP Header Checksum Option to Improve Performance over Lossy Links. Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2001, Volume 1, Page 309-318, Apr. 2001.
[97]Wu E.H.K.and Mei-Zhen Chen.JTCP:Jitter-based TCP for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,Volume 22,Issue 4,Pages 757-766,May 2004.
[98]M.Mellia,C.Casetti and Michela Meo.TCP Smart Framing:Using Smart Segments to Enhance the Performance of TCP.Proceedings of IEEE Globecom 2001,Volume 3,Page 1708-1712,November 2001.
[99]M.Mathis,J.Mahdavi,S.Floyd and A.Romanow.TCP Selective Acknowledgment Options.RFC 2018,1996.
[100]S.Mascolo,M.Y.Sanadidi,C.Casetti,M.Gerla,and R.Wang.TCP Westwood:End-to-End Congestion Control for Wired/Wireless Networks.Wireless Networks 8,467-479,2002.
[101]S.Keshav and S.Morgan.SMART retransmission:Performance with overload and random losses.In Proc.IEEE INFOCOM'97,1997.
[102]Ramakrishnan K.K.and Floyd S..A Proposal to add Explicit Congestion Notification(ECN)to IP.RFC 2481,January 1999.
[103]A.K.Singh and S.Iyer.ATCP:Improving TCP performance over mobile wireless environments.Proceedings of 4th International Workshop on Mobile and Wireless Communications Network,Pages 239-243,Sept 2002.
[104]V.T.Raisinghani,A.K.Singh and S.Iyer.Improving TCP Performance over Mobile Wireless Environments using Cross Layer Feedback.In IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications,Pages 81-85,2002.
[105]http://www.meshdynamics.com/third_generation.html.
[106]CLAUDIO CASETTI,MARIO GERLA,M.Y.SANADIDI and PEN WANG.TCPWestwood:End-to-End Congestion Control for Wired/Wireless Networks.Wireless Networks 8,467-479,2002.
[107|杨新宇,曾明,江晓,赵瑞,吴航.一种新的自适应网络拥塞控制算法.计算机工程,第30卷,第8期,2004年4月.
[108]C.P.Fu and S.C.Liew,TCP Veno:TCP Enhancement for Transmission over Wireless Access Networks.IEEE J.on Selected Areas in Commu.,vol.21,no.2,pp.216-228,Feb.2003.
[109]Ashish Raniwala,Srikanth Sharma,Pradipta De,Rupa Krishnan,Tzi-cker Chiueh.Evaluation of a Stateful Transport Protocol for Multi-channel Wireless Mesh Networks.In IWQoS June 2007.
[110]Thiemo Voigt,Adam Dunkels,and Juan Alonso.Reliability in Distributed TCP Caching.In Workshop on Sensor Networks Workshop at Informatik 2004.
[2]I.F.Akyildiz,X.Wang,and W.Wang.Wireless Mesh Networks:A Survey.Computer Networks Journal (Elsevier),March 2005.
[3]IEEE 802.11 Standard Group Web Site.http://www.ieee802.org/11/.
[4]杨瑾婧,罗汉文,邓泳.无线网状网技术分析[J].有线电视技术.2005,(5):21-23.
[5]Thompson K,Miller GJ,Wilder R.Wide Area Interact Traffic Patterns and Characteristics.IEEE Network,1997,11(6):10-23.
[6]MIT Roofnet.http://www.pdos.lcs.mit.edu/roofnet/.
[7]UCSD mesh networks testbed,http://www.calit2.net/.
[8]BWN lab.http://www.ece.gatech.edu/research/labs/bwn/mesh/.
[9]Nortel Mesh Networks,http://www.nortelnetworks.com/solutions/wrlsmesh/index.html.
[10]MeshNetworks Inc.http://www.meshnetworks.com/pages/technology/msr_atp_overview.htm.
[11]Tropos Networks.http://www.tropos.com/technology/whitepaper.shtml.
[12]西南交通大学移动通信研究所.http://sist.swjtu.edu.cn/imc/.
[13]F.Cali,M.Conti,E.Gregori.Dynamic tuning of the IEEE 802.11 protocol to achieve a theoretical throughput limit.IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,8(6),pp.785-799,2000.
[14]Y.B.Ko,V.Shankarkumar,N.H.Vaidya.Medium access control protocols using directional antennas in ad hoc networks.In:IEEE INFOCOM,2000,pp.13-21.
[15]A.Acharya,A.Misra,S.Bansal.High-performance architectures for IP-based multihop 802.11 networks.IEEE Wireless Communications,10(5),pp.22-28,2003.
[16]K.Jain,J.Padhye,V.Padmanabhan,L.Qiu.Impact of interference on multi-hop wireless network performance.In:ACM MOBICOM,2003,pp.66-80.
[17]J.-W.Kim,N.Bambos.Power efficient MAC scheme using channel probing in multirate wireless ad hoc networks.In:IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference,2002,pp.2380-2384.
[18] P. Bahl, R. Chandra, J. Dunagan. SSCH: slotted seeded channel hopping for capacity improvement in IEEE 802.11 ad hoc wireless networks. In: ACM MOBICOM, 2004, pp. 216-230.
[19] J. So, N. Vaidya. Multi-channel MAC for ad hoc networks: handling multi-channel hidden terminals using a single transceiver. In: ACM MOBIHOC, May 2004, pp. 222-233.
[20] http://www.engim.com/products_en3000.html.
[21] A. Adya, P. Bahl, J. Padhye, A. Wolman, L. Zhou. A multi-radio unification protocol for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. In: International Conferences on Broadband Networks (BroadNets), 2004.
[22] Microsoft Mesh Networks, Available from:
[23] Kiyon Autonomous Networks, Available from:
[24] H. Balakrishnan, V. N. Padmanabhan, R.H.Katz. Network asymmetry: the effects of asymmetry on TCP performance. Mobile Networks and Applications, 1999,4:219-241.
[25] 0. B. Akan, I. F. Akyildiz. ARC: the analytical rate control scheme for real-time traffic in wireless networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 2004,12(4): 634-644.
[26] Z. Fu, X. Meng, S. Lu. A transport protocol for supporting multimedia streaming in mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2003,21(10): 1615-1626.
[27] R. Bhatia and M. Kodialam. On power efficient communication over multi-hop wireless networks: joint routing scheduling and power control. In Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM, vol. 2, pp. 1457-1466,2004.
[28] 方旭明. 下一代无线因特网络技术:无线Mesh网络.人民邮电出版社.2006 第一版: 108-110.
[29] R. Draves, J. Padhye, B. Zill. Comparisons of routing metrics for static multi-hop wireless networks. ACM SIGCOMM, August 2004, pp. 133-144.
[30] Lei Wang, Lianfang Zhang, Yantai Shu and Miao Dong. Multipath Source Routing in Wireless Ad hoc Networks. 2000 Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vol.1, pp. 479-483.
[31] A.K. Saha, D.B. Johnson. Self-organizing hierarchical routing for scalable ad hoc networking. Technical Report, TR04-433, Department of Computer Science, Rice University.
[32] Luigi Iannone, Ramin Khalili, Kav'e Salamatian, Serge Fdida. Cross-Layer Routing in Wireless Mesh Networks. Computer Networks. Mar, 2005. pp. 445-487.
[33] Jungmin So, Nitin Vaidya. A Routing Protocol for Utilizing Multiple Channels in Multi-Hop Wireless Networks with a Single Transceiver. Technical Report, October 2004.
[34] S. Biswas, R. Morris. ExOR: Opportunistic Multi-Hop Routing for Wireless Networks. Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'05, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, pp.133-144,2005.
[35] Suli Zhao, Zhibin Wu, Arup Acharya, Dipankar Raychaudhuri. PARMA: A PHY/MAC Aware Routing Metric for Ad-Hoc Wireless Networks with Multi-Rate Radios. IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks, WoWMoM 2005.
[36] Postel J. Transmission control protocol[S]. IETF RFC 793,1981.
[37] A. S. Tanenbaum.
[38] M. Allman, V. Paxson, W. Stevens. TCP Congestion Control. IETF RFC 2581, 1999.
[39] Jacobson V. Congestion Avoidance and Control[J]. Computer Communication Review, 1988, 18(4): 314-329.
[40] W. Stevens. TCP slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and fast recovery algorithms. RFC 2001, 1997.
[41] S. Floyd. The New Reno Modification to TCP's Fast Recovery Algorithm[S].RFC 2582,1999.
[42] Lawrence S, Brak M, Larry L. TCP Vegas: End to End Congestion Avoidance on a global Internet[J]. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 13(8), 1995.
[43] Broch, J., Johnson, D., and Maltz, D. "The Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (DSR)", In Internet draft, IETF MANET Group, July 2004.
[44] C. Perkins, E. Belding-Royer, S. Das, "Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) Routing", IETF RFC3561, Jul. 2003.
[45] C. Perkins, P. Bhagwat, "Highly dynamic destination-sequenced distane-vector routing (DSDV) for mobile computers", Proc. ACM SIGCOMM'94.234-244,1994.
[46] D. De Couto, D. Aguayo, J. Bicket, and R. Morris. A High-throughput path metric for multi-hop wireless routing. In Proceedings of ACM MOBICOM, 2003, pp. 134-146.
[47] AODV-UU Website http://core.it.uu.se/AdHoc/ImplementationPortal.
[48] A. Adya, P. Bahl, J. Padhye, A. Wolman, L. Zhou. A multi-radio unification protocol for IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. International Conferences on Broadband Networks (BroadNets), 2004.
[49] Yaling Yang, Jun Wang, Robin Kravets, Designing Routing Metrics for Mesh Networks. In WiMesh, 2005.
[50] G Kulkarni, A Nandan, M Gerla, M Srivastava. A Radio Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Mesh Networks[R]. NESL Technical Report: TR-UCLA-NESL-200503-12,2005.
[51] Richard Draves, Jitendra Padhye, Brian Zill. Routing in Multi-Radio, Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks. in ACM Mobicom, 2004.
[52] http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns/.
[53] http://www.cse.iitk.ac.in/～haskar/tens/.
[54]Jun Cheol Park and Sneha Kumar Kasera.Expected Data Rate:An Accurate High-Throughput Path Metric For Multi-Hop Wireless Routing.IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications and Networks(SECON)2005.
[55]Yaling Yang,Jun Wang,Robin Kravets,Interference-aware Load Balancing for Multihop Wireless Networks,Tech.Rep.UIUCDCS-R-2005-2526,Department of Computer Science,University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,2005.
[56]郭嘉丰,张信明,谢飞,陈国良.基于节点空闲度的自适应移动Ad Hoc网络路由协议.软件学报,Vol.16.No.5,2005.
[57]Tasaki,F.Tamura,H.Sengoku,et al.A new channel assignment strategy towards the wireless mesh networks,Communications and the 5th International Symposium on Multi-Dimensional Mobile Communications Proceedings,2004.
[58]Osama Aboul-Magd,etc.Joint SEE-Mesh/Wi-Mesh Proposal to 802.11 TGs,doc-IEEE 802.11-06/0328r0,2006-02-27.
[59]Yun Hu,Shoubao Yang,Dapeng Wang,Lei Zhang,SMETT:A New Routing Metric for Multi-Radio and Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Network,in WiCOM 2006.
[60]A.Raniwala and T.C.Chiueh,Architecture and Algorithms for an IEEE 802.11-based Multi-Channel Wireless Mesh Network.In Proceedings of the 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies(INFOCOM),volume 3,pp.2223-2234.IEEE Press,2005.
[61]L.Iannone and S Fdida,MRS:A simple cross-layer heuristic to improve throughput capacity in wireless mesh networks.In Proceedings of the 2005 ACM conference on Emerging network experiment and technology(CoNEXT),2005,pages 21-30,October 2005.
[62]Z.Zhong,and S.Nelakuditi,On the Efficacy of Opportunistic Routing.In Proceedings of SECON'07,June 2007.
[63]Aoki,H.et al.802.11 TGs Simple Efficient Extensible Mesh(SEE-Mesh)Proposal.IEEE P802.11 Wireless LANs,Document IEEE 802.11-05/0562r0,June 2005.
[64]http://www.cse.msu.edu/～wangbo1/ns2/nshowto8.html.
[65]D.Aguayo,J.Bicket,S.Biswas,G.Judd,and R.Morris,Link-level measurements from an 802.11b mesh network.In SIGCOMM,2004,34(4):121-132.
[66]R.Ahlswede,N.Cai,S.-Y.R.Li and R.W.Yeung,"Network information flow," IEEE Trans.on Information Theory,vol.46,pp.1204-1216,2000.
[67] P. A. Chou, Y. Wu, and K. Jain. Practical network coding. Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing, Monticello, IL, October 20.
[68] S.-Y. R. Li, R. W. Yeung, and N. Cai. "Linear network coding". IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, Februray, 2003.
[69] R. Koetter, M. Medard. An algebraic approach to network coding. IEEE/ACM Trans.on Networking, 11(2003)5782-795.
[70] Y. Wu, P. A. Chou, S.-Y. Kung, "Minimum-Energy Multicast in Mobile Ad hoc Networks using Network Coding," 2004 IEEE Information Theory Workshop, San Antonio, Oct 25-29,2004.
[71] K. Jain, L. Lovasz, and P. A. Chou, "Building scalable and robust peer-to-peer overlay networks for broadcasting using network coding," ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, Las Vegas, NV, July 2005.
[72] S. Katti, H. Rahul, W. Hu, D. Katabi, M. M'edard, and J. Crowcroft. Network coding made practical. MIT CSAIL, Technical Report 2006-009, Feb. 2006.
[73] S. Zhang, S. Liew, and P. Lam. Physical layer network coding. In ACM MobiCom 2006, Los Angeles, US, September 24-29.
[74] 卢开澄,卢华明. 图论及其应用(第二版).清华大学出版社.
[75] T. Ho, R. Koetter, M. Medard, D. Karger and M. Effros. The Benefits of Coding over Routing in a Randomized Setting. ISIT 2003.
[76] S. Katti, D. Katabi, W. Hu, H. Rahul, and M. Medard. The importance of being opportunistic: Practical network coding for wireless environments. In Allerton, 2005.
[77] Yanmin Zhu, Yunhuai Liu, Hoilun Ngan, Quanbin Chen, Chen Qian, Jian Ma, Dian Zhang: Shift Coding: Efficient State Update in Mobile Peer-to-Peer Multiplayer Games. In ICPP Workshops 2007:58.
[78] Wei Chen, Khaled Letaief, Zhigang Cao. Opportunistic Network Coding for Wireless Networks. In IEEE ICC 2007.
[79] Jerry Le, John C.S. Lui, D.M. Chiu. How Many Packets Can We Encode? An Analysis of Practical Wireless Network Coding. In INFOCOM, 2008.
[80] Jilin Le, John C.S. Lui, Dah Ming Chiu. Towards Coding-Efficient Link-Scheduling and Coding-Aware Routing in Wireless Networks. In ICNP 2007.
[81] C. Peng, Q. Zhang, M. Zhao, and Y. Yao. SNCC: A Selective Network-Coded Cooperation Scheme in Wireless Networks. In IEEE ICC 2007.
[82] C. Peng, Q. Zhang, M. Zhao and Y. Yao. Opportunistic Network-Coded Cooperation in Wireless Networks. In IEEE WCNC 2007.
[83] H. Yomo and P. Popovski. Opportunistic Scheduling for Wireless Network Coding. In IEEE ICC 2007, Glasgow, Scotland, June, 2007.
[84] Hulya Seferoglu, Athina Markopoulou. Opportunistic Network Coding for Video Streaming over Wireless. In 16th International Packet Video Workshop (PV 2007).
[85] http://www.omnetpp.org/filemgmt/viewcat.php?cid=2.
[86] G Xylomenos, G C. Polyzos, P. Mahonen, M. Saaranen. TCP Performance Issues over Wireless Links. IEEE Commun. Mag., 39(4), Pages 52-58, April 2001.
[87] D. Chiu, R. Jain. Analysis of the Increase and Decrease Algorithm for Congestion Avoidance in Computer Networks. J. of Computer Networks and ISDN System, 1989,17(1):1-l4.
[88] D. Aguayo, J. Bicket, S. Biswas, G Judd, R. Morris. Link-level Measurements from an 802.11b Mesh Network. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 2004,34(4):121-132.
[89] R. Riemann, K. Winstein. Improving 802.11 Range with Forward Error Correction. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Tech. Rep, 2005.
[90] D. Eckhardt, P. Steenkiste. Improving wireless LAN performance via adaptive local error control. Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Network Protocols, 1998,327-338.
[91] H. Balakrishnan, S. Seshan, and R.H. Katz. Improving Reliable Transport and Handoff Performance in Cellular Wireless Networks. ACM Wireless Networks Journal, Page 469-481, December 1995.
[92] Wan G Zeng, Meihua Zhan, Zhiwen Lin, and Ljiljana Trajkovic. Improving TCP Performance with Periodic Disconnections over Wireless Links. OPNETWORK 2003, Washington, DC, Aug. 2003.
[93] V. Tsaoussidis and H.Badr. TCP-Probing: Towards and Error Control Schema with Energy and Throughput Performance Gains. Proceedings of ICNP 2000, Pages 12-21, Nov.2000.
[94] V. Tsaoussidis and C. Zhang. TCP Real: Receiver-oriented congestion control. Computer Networks, Volume 40, Issue 4, Pages 477-497, Nov. 2002.
[95] Q. X. Pang, S. C. Liew, W. Wang, and V. O.K. Li, Performance Study of TCP Veno over WLAN and RED Router. IEEE Globecom 2003, Volume 6, Pages 3237-3241, Dec. 2003.
[96] R. K. Balan, B. P. Lee, K. R. R. Kumar, L. Jacob, W. K. G Seah, A. L. Ananda. TCP HACK: TCP Header Checksum Option to Improve Performance over Lossy Links. Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOM 2001, Volume 1, Page 309-318, Apr. 2001.
[97]Wu E.H.K.and Mei-Zhen Chen.JTCP:Jitter-based TCP for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks.IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications,Volume 22,Issue 4,Pages 757-766,May 2004.
[98]M.Mellia,C.Casetti and Michela Meo.TCP Smart Framing:Using Smart Segments to Enhance the Performance of TCP.Proceedings of IEEE Globecom 2001,Volume 3,Page 1708-1712,November 2001.
[99]M.Mathis,J.Mahdavi,S.Floyd and A.Romanow.TCP Selective Acknowledgment Options.RFC 2018,1996.
[100]S.Mascolo,M.Y.Sanadidi,C.Casetti,M.Gerla,and R.Wang.TCP Westwood:End-to-End Congestion Control for Wired/Wireless Networks.Wireless Networks 8,467-479,2002.
[101]S.Keshav and S.Morgan.SMART retransmission:Performance with overload and random losses.In Proc.IEEE INFOCOM'97,1997.
[102]Ramakrishnan K.K.and Floyd S..A Proposal to add Explicit Congestion Notification(ECN)to IP.RFC 2481,January 1999.
[103]A.K.Singh and S.Iyer.ATCP:Improving TCP performance over mobile wireless environments.Proceedings of 4th International Workshop on Mobile and Wireless Communications Network,Pages 239-243,Sept 2002.
[104]V.T.Raisinghani,A.K.Singh and S.Iyer.Improving TCP Performance over Mobile Wireless Environments using Cross Layer Feedback.In IEEE International Conference on Personal Wireless Communications,Pages 81-85,2002.
[105]http://www.meshdynamics.com/third_generation.html.
[106]CLAUDIO CASETTI,MARIO GERLA,M.Y.SANADIDI and PEN WANG.TCPWestwood:End-to-End Congestion Control for Wired/Wireless Networks.Wireless Networks 8,467-479,2002.
[107|杨新宇,曾明,江晓,赵瑞,吴航.一种新的自适应网络拥塞控制算法.计算机工程,第30卷,第8期,2004年4月.
[108]C.P.Fu and S.C.Liew,TCP Veno:TCP Enhancement for Transmission over Wireless Access Networks.IEEE J.on Selected Areas in Commu.,vol.21,no.2,pp.216-228,Feb.2003.
[109]Ashish Raniwala,Srikanth Sharma,Pradipta De,Rupa Krishnan,Tzi-cker Chiueh.Evaluation of a Stateful Transport Protocol for Multi-channel Wireless Mesh Networks.In IWQoS June 2007.
[110]Thiemo Voigt,Adam Dunkels,and Juan Alonso.Reliability in Distributed TCP Caching.In Workshop on Sensor Networks Workshop at Informatik 2004.