基于SOA架构和.NET技术的电网公司人力资源管理系统研究与设计
摘要
随着国家电网公司的改革和发展,信息化建设得到持续稳定的推进。公司现有的人力资源管理系统和其它系统一样,都面临着系统的重构、升级和集成整合。目前,公司人力资源管理系统仍然是单机版的桌面应用系统,该系统具有强耦合性,不能满足电网集团公司各层级单位之间、同一单位的不同系统之间数据共享和业务共享的需要,也不能适应需求变化对系统重构能力所提出的要求。
选择什么样的软件架构来重构、升级和集成人力资源管理系统,是当前电网公司人力资源管理信息化建设的关键问题。当前应用系统中,C/S模式和B/S模式仍然是架构主流,这样的系统能够实现系统间数据和功能模块的共享,却不能解决异构系统间的服务共享,不能根据需求快速变化而快速地重构系统。SOA,面向服务的软件架构,因其资源规范建设、动态优化、广泛重用、方便集成、应变和系统重构能力强等重要特性,对电网公司人力资源管理系统的重构、升级和集成整合是一种很好的选择。同时,当前流行的XML、Web服务等技术为SOA软件架构的应用提供了关键的技术支持。
本文首先介绍了分布式应用架构SOA以及相关技术。SOA支持将一个应用的业务逻辑或某些单独的功能模块化并作为服务呈现给客户,其松散耦合性使企业可以将现有的、新开发的或从厂商购买的组件合并在一个定义良好的SOA框架内,也可以动态响应需求的变化,添加新的服务或更新现有的服务。然后引出了基于SOA的Web服务技术和.NET解决方案。Web服务技术基于XML和SOAP,适合大数量和低频率的访问,同时为异构系统提供了可行的通讯机制。.NET解决方案WCF框架全面支持SOA和Web服务技术,整合了.NET平台下所有和分布式系统有关的技术。
接着,本文从SOA架构思想出发,根据电网公司现有人力资源管理模式,分析建立人力资源管理系统基础架构和整合现有人力资源IT资源的具体方法,并在此基础上,研究和设计出系统功能模块和系统公共服务。最后,基于.NET技术平台下,搭建了系统运行环境,并设计和开发出基于SOA的人力资源系统原型。研究表明,SOA软件架构重构能力强,作为一个弱耦合性系统架构,能够满足电网公司人力资源分布式管理需要和应对人力资源业务的快速变化,解决各级组织间、各应用系统间数据和业务共享。.NET平台提供的基于SOA的WCF框架是高效、安全、可靠和全面的技术解决方案。
本系统原型前端采用Visual Studio 2005 + WinFX Runtime Components开发工具,后端数据库采用MS SQL Server 2000。
本文结尾对全文进行了总结,分析了基于SOA架构的软件系统存在的问题并讨论了进一步研究的内容。
As desktop-based application software, the current-generation human resource (HR) management system can not meet the requirement of production and management in national power company due to recent rapid development of information technology. The current-generation system has several drawbacks. Firstly, it is tightly coupled. This results in the difficulty to share data and businesses among the working units in different layers inside a system, or among multiple systems in a company. Secondly, it is inflexible, and hence is hard to be re-constructed to deal with requirement modifications. Thirdly, it is inconvenient to be operated and managed in a distributed environment.
To successfully construct a next-generation HR system, it is essential to select the most suitable software architecture. C/S and B/S architectures can be useful to share data and functional modules inside a system. However, they can not address the problem of sharing services among multiple heterogeneous systems. As a result, a C/S-based or B/S-based system is still inflexible to be rapidly developed or adjusted to meet the continuous requirement modifications. Enterprise architects believe that Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) can help businesses respond more quickly and cost-effectively to changing market conditions. SOA promotes reuse at the service level. It can also simplify interconnection to - and usage of - existing IT (legacy) assets. Web services can be used to implement a service-oriented architecture. A major focus of Web services is to make functional building blocks accessible over standard Internet protocols that are independent from platforms and programming languages.
This paper is organized as follows. Firstly, we briefly review the theory of SOA and related technologies. SOA is a computer system's architectural style for creating and using business processes, packaged as services, throughout their lifecycle. SOA also defines and provisions the IT infrastructure to allow different applications to exchange data and participate in business processes. These functions are loosely coupled with the operating systems and programming languages underlying the applications. SOA separates functions into distinct units (services), which can be distributed over a network and can be combined and reused to create business applications. These services communicate with each other by passing data from one service to another, or by coordinating an activity between two or more services. Furthermore, we introduce SOA-based Web services and its implementation based on .NET solution. Web services are based on XML and SOAP, and they are suitable for the access to huge data in an infrequent way. At the same time it is served as a communication protocol among multiple heterogeneous systems. .NET based WCF solution fully supports SOA and Web service technologies, and coordinates distributed computing technologies under .NET platform.
Next, armed with the idea of SOA, we make a thorough analysis on building next-generation HR systems by leveraging the current systems. We propose a detailed method to coordinate current HR and IT resources. Based on that, the system function module and system public services are investigated and designed. Finally, the prototype of a SOA-based HR system are designed and developed under .NET platform.
The research demonstrates that our SOA-based system is easy to be re-constructed. As a loosed-coupled system, it provides us the capability to manage human resources in a distributed environment. It can also be quickly adjusted to deal with the modifications on the business requirements. Moreover, it enables effective exchange of data and participancy in business processes among clients in different layers and in different systems. .NET platform provides WCF, a SOA-based solution which is highly effective, secure, reliable, and completed.
The front-end of our system is implemented with Visual Studio 2005 + WinFX Runtime Components development tools. And it adopts MS SQL Server 2000 as its back end database.
Finally we conclude this paper, analyze the problems of SOA-based software systems, and direct the future works.
选择什么样的软件架构来重构、升级和集成人力资源管理系统,是当前电网公司人力资源管理信息化建设的关键问题。当前应用系统中,C/S模式和B/S模式仍然是架构主流,这样的系统能够实现系统间数据和功能模块的共享,却不能解决异构系统间的服务共享,不能根据需求快速变化而快速地重构系统。SOA,面向服务的软件架构,因其资源规范建设、动态优化、广泛重用、方便集成、应变和系统重构能力强等重要特性,对电网公司人力资源管理系统的重构、升级和集成整合是一种很好的选择。同时,当前流行的XML、Web服务等技术为SOA软件架构的应用提供了关键的技术支持。
本文首先介绍了分布式应用架构SOA以及相关技术。SOA支持将一个应用的业务逻辑或某些单独的功能模块化并作为服务呈现给客户,其松散耦合性使企业可以将现有的、新开发的或从厂商购买的组件合并在一个定义良好的SOA框架内,也可以动态响应需求的变化,添加新的服务或更新现有的服务。然后引出了基于SOA的Web服务技术和.NET解决方案。Web服务技术基于XML和SOAP,适合大数量和低频率的访问,同时为异构系统提供了可行的通讯机制。.NET解决方案WCF框架全面支持SOA和Web服务技术,整合了.NET平台下所有和分布式系统有关的技术。
接着,本文从SOA架构思想出发,根据电网公司现有人力资源管理模式,分析建立人力资源管理系统基础架构和整合现有人力资源IT资源的具体方法,并在此基础上,研究和设计出系统功能模块和系统公共服务。最后,基于.NET技术平台下,搭建了系统运行环境,并设计和开发出基于SOA的人力资源系统原型。研究表明,SOA软件架构重构能力强,作为一个弱耦合性系统架构,能够满足电网公司人力资源分布式管理需要和应对人力资源业务的快速变化,解决各级组织间、各应用系统间数据和业务共享。.NET平台提供的基于SOA的WCF框架是高效、安全、可靠和全面的技术解决方案。
本系统原型前端采用Visual Studio 2005 + WinFX Runtime Components开发工具,后端数据库采用MS SQL Server 2000。
本文结尾对全文进行了总结,分析了基于SOA架构的软件系统存在的问题并讨论了进一步研究的内容。
As desktop-based application software, the current-generation human resource (HR) management system can not meet the requirement of production and management in national power company due to recent rapid development of information technology. The current-generation system has several drawbacks. Firstly, it is tightly coupled. This results in the difficulty to share data and businesses among the working units in different layers inside a system, or among multiple systems in a company. Secondly, it is inflexible, and hence is hard to be re-constructed to deal with requirement modifications. Thirdly, it is inconvenient to be operated and managed in a distributed environment.
To successfully construct a next-generation HR system, it is essential to select the most suitable software architecture. C/S and B/S architectures can be useful to share data and functional modules inside a system. However, they can not address the problem of sharing services among multiple heterogeneous systems. As a result, a C/S-based or B/S-based system is still inflexible to be rapidly developed or adjusted to meet the continuous requirement modifications. Enterprise architects believe that Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) can help businesses respond more quickly and cost-effectively to changing market conditions. SOA promotes reuse at the service level. It can also simplify interconnection to - and usage of - existing IT (legacy) assets. Web services can be used to implement a service-oriented architecture. A major focus of Web services is to make functional building blocks accessible over standard Internet protocols that are independent from platforms and programming languages.
This paper is organized as follows. Firstly, we briefly review the theory of SOA and related technologies. SOA is a computer system's architectural style for creating and using business processes, packaged as services, throughout their lifecycle. SOA also defines and provisions the IT infrastructure to allow different applications to exchange data and participate in business processes. These functions are loosely coupled with the operating systems and programming languages underlying the applications. SOA separates functions into distinct units (services), which can be distributed over a network and can be combined and reused to create business applications. These services communicate with each other by passing data from one service to another, or by coordinating an activity between two or more services. Furthermore, we introduce SOA-based Web services and its implementation based on .NET solution. Web services are based on XML and SOAP, and they are suitable for the access to huge data in an infrequent way. At the same time it is served as a communication protocol among multiple heterogeneous systems. .NET based WCF solution fully supports SOA and Web service technologies, and coordinates distributed computing technologies under .NET platform.
Next, armed with the idea of SOA, we make a thorough analysis on building next-generation HR systems by leveraging the current systems. We propose a detailed method to coordinate current HR and IT resources. Based on that, the system function module and system public services are investigated and designed. Finally, the prototype of a SOA-based HR system are designed and developed under .NET platform.
The research demonstrates that our SOA-based system is easy to be re-constructed. As a loosed-coupled system, it provides us the capability to manage human resources in a distributed environment. It can also be quickly adjusted to deal with the modifications on the business requirements. Moreover, it enables effective exchange of data and participancy in business processes among clients in different layers and in different systems. .NET platform provides WCF, a SOA-based solution which is highly effective, secure, reliable, and completed.
The front-end of our system is implemented with Visual Studio 2005 + WinFX Runtime Components development tools. And it adopts MS SQL Server 2000 as its back end database.
Finally we conclude this paper, analyze the problems of SOA-based software systems, and direct the future works.
引文
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[2] (美)艾米尔诺.XML案例解析教程[M].清华大学出版社,2007.
[3]吴洁.XML应用教程[M].清华大学出版社,2007.
[4] XML中国论坛.XML实用进阶教程[M].清华大出版社,2001.
[5]曾春平,王超.XML编程从入门到精通[M].北京希望出版社.2002.
[6] Elliotte Rusty Hrold EW.Scott Means.XML技术手册[Z].中国电力出版社,2001.
[7] (美)霍尔兹纳.XML使用详解[M].机工工业出版社,1999.
[8]微软公司,东方人华.XML3.0技术内幕[M].清华大出版社,2001.
[9] (美)Don Bow Aaron Skonnard John Lam.XML本质论[M].中国电力出版社,2003.
[10] Mario Bravetti.Web服务与形式方法[M].湖北辞书出版社,2006.
[11] Liang-Jie Zhang.Web Services(网络服务)[M].北京燕山出版社,2004.
[12]王晓玲,郭志懋,周傲英. Web服务组合的基于文法的消息处理[J].计算机学报,2005,(04).
[13]李维.C++ Buider 6 SOAP/Wed Service开发[M].华中科技大学出版社,2002.
[14]肖刚.Java Web服务器应用程序设计[M].电子工业出版社,2001.
[15]柴晓路,梁宇奇.Web Services技术、架构和应用[M].电子工业出版社,2003.
[16]曾登高..NET系统架构与开发[M].电子工业出版社,2003.
[17] (美)Marck Jasonwski.Java、XML和Web服务宝典[M].电子工业出版社,2002.
[18]陈华军.J2EE构建企业级应用解决方案[M].人民邮电出版社, 2002.
[19] (英)katharine Whitehead.基于组件开发[M].人民邮电出版社,2003.
[20]张晋,陈立潮,田容.未来基于Web的通用数据格式一XML[J].华北工学院学报,2001, 22(2)
[21] (美)Marck Herctirdss,Ben Galbraith.Java Web服务务编程[M].电子工业出版社,2002.
[22] (美)Chris Hart,John Kauffman.ASP.NET 2.0经典教程—C#篇[M].人民邮电出版社,2007.
[23]沙为超.基于Web服务的SOA应用研究[J].安徽大学,2007.
[24]梁爱虎.SOA思想、技术与系统集成应用详解[M].电子工业出版社,2007.
[25] (美)卡特著,袁月扬,麻丽莉译.SOA & Web 2.0—新商业语言[M].清华大学出版社,2007.
[26] (美)科拉夫兹格,(美)本克,(美)斯拉姆著,韩宏志译.Enterprise SOA中文版—面向服务架构的最佳实战[M].清华大学出版社,2006.
[27] (美)伊尔著,王满红,陈荣华译.SOA概念、技术与设计[M].机械工业出版社,2007.
[28]费圣英.电力企业信息化SOA实践[M].南京大学出版社,2007.
[29] (美)罗威著,张逸,徐宁译.WCF服务编程[M].机械工业出版社,2007.
[30] (美)尤怀.WCF SERVICES编程(影印版)[M].清华大学出版社,2007.
[31]喻坚,韩燕波.面向服务的计算:原理和应用[M].清华大学出版社,2006.
[32]李芝兴,杨瑞龙.Java EE Web编程[M].机械工业出版社,2006.
[33] Scott Campbell.SOA原理·方法·实践[M].电子工业出版社,2005.
[34] (美]里克特著,李建忠译..NET框架程序设计[M].清华大学出版社,2003.
[35]克瓦林纳著.葛子昴译.NET设计规范:.NET约定、惯用法与模式[M].人民邮电出版社,2006.
[36] (美)谢菲德等著,潘爱民译.Microsoft Visual C++.NET技术内幕[M].清华大学出版社,2004.
[37] (美)陈新著,温昱,靳向阳译.应用框架的设计与实现—.NET平台[M].电子工业出版社,2005.
[38] (美)内格尔著,夏桅,金雪根译..NET企业服务框架:应用.NET企业服务开发分布式业务解决方案[M].电子工业出版社,2006.
[39]郑阿奇,顾韵华.ASP.NET程序设计教程[M].机械工业出版社,2006.
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