直流开关电源及其智能监控系统的研究
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摘要
随着飞机电气系统的发展,飞机电源系统经历了低压直流电源、恒速恒频交流电源、变速恒频电源以及高压直流电源的过程。目前,高压直流电气系统中采用的是270V直流供电系统,因此本文研究目的就是针对270V直流供电系统的270V输出的直流开关电源。低压直流开关电源在我国已经有了很长时间的研究,但是高压直流开关电源的研究目前还处于初级阶段。
本文研究了一种智能型的高效率开关电源,设计了有源PFC电路及其控制电路,重点研究了ZVS移相全桥变换器的电路。在利用传统的集成控制芯片控制的基础上,采用了单片机和UCC3895联合控制的控制方案。其中集成控制器UCC3895实现移相控制、系统反馈、各种保护等；而单片机实现对整个系统的监控、显示、控制等功能。这样使得电源操作、控制更加人性化、智能化。为了提高电源效率,(1)采用了添加合适的谐振电感的方法,实现了移相全桥DC／DC变换器的ZVS。(2)采用了原边加箝位二极管的方法,抑制了变换器的变压器及输出整流桥二极管振荡问题。并且设计了一种随着温度高低变化风扇转速可调的风扇供电系统。即温度低风扇转的慢,温度高风扇转速加快。
最后为了验证理论分析的正确性,使用Pspice软件对设计进行了仿真验证,并搭建试验平台对电路做了实验验证。结果表明理论分析和电路设计是可行的。
With the development of the aircraft electrical system has experienced low voltage DC power supply, constant speed constant frequency AC power, variable speed constant frequency power supply, as well as high-voltage DC power supply process. At present, the use of high-voltage direct current electrical system is 270V DC power system.the purpose of this study was aimed at 270V output DC switching mode power supply for 270V DC Power Supply System. SLow-voltage DC Switching Power Supply in our country already has a very long time study. But the high-voltage DC switching mode power supply research still is in the initial stage.
This paper designs a kind of intelligent control of the high-efficiency switching power supply, Including the active PFC circuit and control circuit, focusing on the ZVS phase-shifted full-bridge converter circuits, Proposed the use of microcontroller and UCC3895 joint control of the control program base on the traditional integrated control chip control.The integrated controller UCC3895 mplement phase shift control, system feedback, a variety of protection; and microcontroller to monitor the whole system, display functions. This makes the power supply operation and control are more humane, intelligent. In order to improve the efficiency of power:(1) study the phase-shifted full-bridge DC/DC converter ZVS, used to add the appropriate method of resonant inductor. (2) The issue of converter transformer and output rectifier diode oscillation, using the original edge plus clamping diodes to achieve suppression methods. And designed a power supply system which adjust fan speed with temperature change.Namely, low temperature fan switch to the slow, high temperature fan switch to the fast.
Finally, in order to verify the correctness of theoretical analysis, using Pspice simulation software simulated the Main circuit, and build platform to test on the circuit made by experiments. The results show that the theoretical analysis and circuit design is feasible.
本文研究了一种智能型的高效率开关电源,设计了有源PFC电路及其控制电路,重点研究了ZVS移相全桥变换器的电路。在利用传统的集成控制芯片控制的基础上,采用了单片机和UCC3895联合控制的控制方案。其中集成控制器UCC3895实现移相控制、系统反馈、各种保护等；而单片机实现对整个系统的监控、显示、控制等功能。这样使得电源操作、控制更加人性化、智能化。为了提高电源效率,(1)采用了添加合适的谐振电感的方法,实现了移相全桥DC／DC变换器的ZVS。(2)采用了原边加箝位二极管的方法,抑制了变换器的变压器及输出整流桥二极管振荡问题。并且设计了一种随着温度高低变化风扇转速可调的风扇供电系统。即温度低风扇转的慢,温度高风扇转速加快。
最后为了验证理论分析的正确性,使用Pspice软件对设计进行了仿真验证,并搭建试验平台对电路做了实验验证。结果表明理论分析和电路设计是可行的。
With the development of the aircraft electrical system has experienced low voltage DC power supply, constant speed constant frequency AC power, variable speed constant frequency power supply, as well as high-voltage DC power supply process. At present, the use of high-voltage direct current electrical system is 270V DC power system.the purpose of this study was aimed at 270V output DC switching mode power supply for 270V DC Power Supply System. SLow-voltage DC Switching Power Supply in our country already has a very long time study. But the high-voltage DC switching mode power supply research still is in the initial stage.
This paper designs a kind of intelligent control of the high-efficiency switching power supply, Including the active PFC circuit and control circuit, focusing on the ZVS phase-shifted full-bridge converter circuits, Proposed the use of microcontroller and UCC3895 joint control of the control program base on the traditional integrated control chip control.The integrated controller UCC3895 mplement phase shift control, system feedback, a variety of protection; and microcontroller to monitor the whole system, display functions. This makes the power supply operation and control are more humane, intelligent. In order to improve the efficiency of power:(1) study the phase-shifted full-bridge DC/DC converter ZVS, used to add the appropriate method of resonant inductor. (2) The issue of converter transformer and output rectifier diode oscillation, using the original edge plus clamping diodes to achieve suppression methods. And designed a power supply system which adjust fan speed with temperature change.Namely, low temperature fan switch to the slow, high temperature fan switch to the fast.
Finally, in order to verify the correctness of theoretical analysis, using Pspice simulation software simulated the Main circuit, and build platform to test on the circuit made by experiments. The results show that the theoretical analysis and circuit design is feasible.
引文
[1]严仰光,肖岚,陈志辉.270V飞机高压直流电气系统的应用与发展[J].中国航空学会航空电器工程第六届学术年会,2003
[2]陈乾宏,殷兰兰,王健,彭勃,陈武. 二极管加电流互感器箝位的移相全桥DC／DC变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(15)：23-31
[3]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2000
[4]胡红林,李春华,邵波超.移相全桥零电压PWM软开关电路的研究[J].电力电子技术,2009,43(1)：12-14
[5]李善庆,王琪,路侃.加箝位二极管全桥变换器的研究与应用[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(4)：25-27
[6]皮之军.移相全桥ZVS变换器及其数字控制技术研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2006
[7]周志敏.开关电源功率因数校正电路设计与应用[M].北京：人们邮电出版社,2005
[8]张哲,沈虹,王晓寰.基于UCC3895的移相全桥变换器的设计[J].电源技术应用,2006,9(3)：17-20
[9]阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC／DC全桥变换器的软开关技术[M].北京：科学出版社,1999
[10]杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安.开关电源技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004
[11]杨喜军,奚良,王晗.综述单相有源功率因数校正技术的最近发展[J].变频器世界,2007,(8)：37-46
[12]刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2001
[13]徐永红.高压直流航空电源系统中静止变流器DC／DC级研制[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2006
[14]Jin Ai-juan, Li Hang-tian, Li Shao-long. An Improved Control Strategy for the One Cycle Control Three-Phase PFC Rectifier under Unbalanced Source[R]. Jeju:Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2006:18-22
[15]周令琛,洪晓鸥.一种新的移相全桥PWM DC/DC变频器[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(7)：26-28
[16]陈坚.电力电子学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2002
[17]张崇魏,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003
[18]陈业奇.一种新型的电流型PWM控制整流器对谐波抑制的研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2004
[19]Ian Wallace, Ashish B, Jonathan P. A Unity Power Factor Three Phase PWM SCR Rectifier for High Power Applications in the Metal Industry[J]. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,2002,38 (4):898-908
[20]周令深.一种新的有源换流晶闸管电流源PWM变频器[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版),2003,9(6)：507-512
[21]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2000
[22]贾贵玺,徐伟,张臣堂.同步发电机励磁系统中PWM控制的仿真研究[J].中国工程科学,2005,7(6)：50-53
[23]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004
[24]肖森,彭咏龙,李亚斌.基于脉宽调制的新型电流型整流器研究[J].华北电力大学学报,2005,32(增刊)：29-33
[25]Wang X. Unity Power Factor Current Source Rectifier Based on Dynamic Tri-logic PWM[J].IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,1993,8 (3):288-294
[26]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.开关电源功率因数校正电路设计与应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2004
[27]洪乃刚.电力电子和电力拖动控制系统的MATLAB仿真[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006
[28]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB／Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1999
[29]Wu Chen, Xinbo Ruan, and Rongrong Zhang. A Novel Zero-Voltage-Switching PWM Full Bridge Converter [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,2008,23 (2):793-801
[30]Enjeti. P. N, Ziogas P. D. A Current Source PWM Inserter with Instaneous Current Control Capability[J].IEEE Trans On Industry Applications,1991,27 (3):582-588
[31]朱俊杰,周凯.双闭环PWM整流器的SIMULINK建模与仿真[J].电气传动自动化,2005,27(3)：26-27
[32]林渭勋.现代电力电子技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006
[33]董晓鹏,王兆安.具有快速动态响应的单位功率因数PWM整流器[J].西安交通大学学报,1997,31(11)：77-82
[34]张文利.高压大功率开关电源技术的研究[D].中国科学院研究生院硕士学位论文,2003
[35]Yungtaek Jang Milan M. Jovanovic. A New PWM ZVS Full-Bridge Converter [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,2007,22 (3):987-994
[36]鞠儒生,陈宝贤,陈燕.一种新型PWM变流器[J].电工技术学报,2002,17(6)：48-52
[37]刘福鑫.高压直流电源系统中DC／DC变换器的研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2004
[38]Tiecheng Sun, Jianhui Guo, Rui Li, Lei Fu, Lian Liang. A ZVS DC-DC Converter Using Non-dissipative Snubber Circuit [J]. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.2008
[39]张淼,冯垛生,谢俊杰.SCR-SPWM变频调速系统[J].电力电子技术,1997,(4)：28-29
[40]傅鹏,高格,王林森,李定.晶闸管在大功率变流和开关中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2004,19(8)：34-39
[41]Hingham Mao, Dustan Broderick, Fred C Y Lee. Novel reduced-order small signal model of a three-phase PWM rectifier and its application in control design and system analysis[J].IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,1998,13 (3):511-521
[42]Parsed A. B. An Active Power Factor Correction Technique for Three-phase dioderectifiers[J]. IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,1991,6 (1):83-92
[43]Kwon B-H, You J-H, Lim J-W. Three-phase PWM converter without power source voltage sensors[J]. IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,1999,146 (6):632-636
[44]Has an komurcugil, Oman Kukri. Lyapunov based control for three-phase PWM AC/DC voltage source converters[J]. IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,1998,13 (5):801-813
[45]Jong-WooCHoi, Seung-KiSul. New current control concept-minimum time current control in the three-phase PWM converter[J].IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,1997,12 (1): 124-131
[46]Hong-seok Song. Dual current control scheme for PWM converter under unbalanced input voltage conditions[J]. IEEE Trans On Industrial Electronics,1999,46 (5):953-959
[47]Scaini.V, Ma. T.High current DC Choppers in the Metals Industry[J]. IEEE Industry Applications Maqazine,2002,8 (2):26-33
[48]Tiecheng Sun, Jianhui Guo, Rui Li, Lei Fu, Lian Liang. A ZVS DC-DC Converter Using Non-dissipativeSnubber Circuit [J]. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference 2003
[49]Wang. K, D. Boroyevich. Charge Control of Three-phase Buck PWM Rectifiers [R]. New Orleans: IEEE-APEC 2000 Conference,2000:824-831
[50]A.Bendre, Wallace. A Current Source PWM Inverter with Actively Commutated SCRs[J]. IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,2002,17 (4):461-468
[51]G. Oriti. Hybrid Rectifier Using Thyristors and IGBT for Low Cost Regenerative Drives[R]. New Orleans:IEEE-APEC 2000 Conference,2000:951-956
[52]张加胜,郝荣泰.一类新型PWM可逆整流器[J].电工技术学报,1998,13(5)：37-41
[53]刘平,康勇,陈坚.PWM整流器的矢量控制[J].华中理工大学学报,2000,28(6)：37-39
[54]王兆安,刘进军.电力电子装置谐波抑制及无功补偿技术的进展[J].电力电子技术,1997,(1)：100-104
[2]陈乾宏,殷兰兰,王健,彭勃,陈武. 二极管加电流互感器箝位的移相全桥DC／DC变换器[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(15)：23-31
[3]王兆安,黄俊.电力电子技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2000
[4]胡红林,李春华,邵波超.移相全桥零电压PWM软开关电路的研究[J].电力电子技术,2009,43(1)：12-14
[5]李善庆,王琪,路侃.加箝位二极管全桥变换器的研究与应用[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(4)：25-27
[6]皮之军.移相全桥ZVS变换器及其数字控制技术研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2006
[7]周志敏.开关电源功率因数校正电路设计与应用[M].北京：人们邮电出版社,2005
[8]张哲,沈虹,王晓寰.基于UCC3895的移相全桥变换器的设计[J].电源技术应用,2006,9(3)：17-20
[9]阮新波,严仰光.脉宽调制DC／DC全桥变换器的软开关技术[M].北京：科学出版社,1999
[10]杨旭,裴云庆,王兆安.开关电源技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2004
[11]杨喜军,奚良,王晗.综述单相有源功率因数校正技术的最近发展[J].变频器世界,2007,(8)：37-46
[12]刘胜利.现代高频开关电源实用技术[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2001
[13]徐永红.高压直流航空电源系统中静止变流器DC／DC级研制[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2006
[14]Jin Ai-juan, Li Hang-tian, Li Shao-long. An Improved Control Strategy for the One Cycle Control Three-Phase PFC Rectifier under Unbalanced Source[R]. Jeju:Power Electronics Specialists Conference,2006:18-22
[15]周令琛,洪晓鸥.一种新的移相全桥PWM DC/DC变频器[J].电力电子技术,2008,42(7)：26-28
[16]陈坚.电力电子学[M].北京：高等教育出版社,2002
[17]张崇魏,张兴.PWM整流器及其控制[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2003
[18]陈业奇.一种新型的电流型PWM控制整流器对谐波抑制的研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2004
[19]Ian Wallace, Ashish B, Jonathan P. A Unity Power Factor Three Phase PWM SCR Rectifier for High Power Applications in the Metal Industry[J]. IEEE Trans on Industry Applications,2002,38 (4):898-908
[20]周令深.一种新的有源换流晶闸管电流源PWM变频器[J].上海大学学报(自然科学版),2003,9(6)：507-512
[21]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2000
[22]贾贵玺,徐伟,张臣堂.同步发电机励磁系统中PWM控制的仿真研究[J].中国工程科学,2005,7(6)：50-53
[23]张占松,蔡宣三.开关电源的原理与设计[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2004
[24]肖森,彭咏龙,李亚斌.基于脉宽调制的新型电流型整流器研究[J].华北电力大学学报,2005,32(增刊)：29-33
[25]Wang X. Unity Power Factor Current Source Rectifier Based on Dynamic Tri-logic PWM[J].IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,1993,8 (3):288-294
[26]周志敏,周纪海,纪爱华.开关电源功率因数校正电路设计与应用[M].北京：人民邮电出版社,2004
[27]洪乃刚.电力电子和电力拖动控制系统的MATLAB仿真[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006
[28]薛定宇,陈阳泉.基于MATLAB／Simulink的系统仿真技术与应用[M].北京：清华大学出版社,1999
[29]Wu Chen, Xinbo Ruan, and Rongrong Zhang. A Novel Zero-Voltage-Switching PWM Full Bridge Converter [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,2008,23 (2):793-801
[30]Enjeti. P. N, Ziogas P. D. A Current Source PWM Inserter with Instaneous Current Control Capability[J].IEEE Trans On Industry Applications,1991,27 (3):582-588
[31]朱俊杰,周凯.双闭环PWM整流器的SIMULINK建模与仿真[J].电气传动自动化,2005,27(3)：26-27
[32]林渭勋.现代电力电子技术[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2006
[33]董晓鹏,王兆安.具有快速动态响应的单位功率因数PWM整流器[J].西安交通大学学报,1997,31(11)：77-82
[34]张文利.高压大功率开关电源技术的研究[D].中国科学院研究生院硕士学位论文,2003
[35]Yungtaek Jang Milan M. Jovanovic. A New PWM ZVS Full-Bridge Converter [J]. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS,2007,22 (3):987-994
[36]鞠儒生,陈宝贤,陈燕.一种新型PWM变流器[J].电工技术学报,2002,17(6)：48-52
[37]刘福鑫.高压直流电源系统中DC／DC变换器的研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学,2004
[38]Tiecheng Sun, Jianhui Guo, Rui Li, Lei Fu, Lian Liang. A ZVS DC-DC Converter Using Non-dissipative Snubber Circuit [J]. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference.2008
[39]张淼,冯垛生,谢俊杰.SCR-SPWM变频调速系统[J].电力电子技术,1997,(4)：28-29
[40]傅鹏,高格,王林森,李定.晶闸管在大功率变流和开关中的应用[J].电工技术学报,2004,19(8)：34-39
[41]Hingham Mao, Dustan Broderick, Fred C Y Lee. Novel reduced-order small signal model of a three-phase PWM rectifier and its application in control design and system analysis[J].IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,1998,13 (3):511-521
[42]Parsed A. B. An Active Power Factor Correction Technique for Three-phase dioderectifiers[J]. IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,1991,6 (1):83-92
[43]Kwon B-H, You J-H, Lim J-W. Three-phase PWM converter without power source voltage sensors[J]. IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,1999,146 (6):632-636
[44]Has an komurcugil, Oman Kukri. Lyapunov based control for three-phase PWM AC/DC voltage source converters[J]. IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,1998,13 (5):801-813
[45]Jong-WooCHoi, Seung-KiSul. New current control concept-minimum time current control in the three-phase PWM converter[J].IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,1997,12 (1): 124-131
[46]Hong-seok Song. Dual current control scheme for PWM converter under unbalanced input voltage conditions[J]. IEEE Trans On Industrial Electronics,1999,46 (5):953-959
[47]Scaini.V, Ma. T.High current DC Choppers in the Metals Industry[J]. IEEE Industry Applications Maqazine,2002,8 (2):26-33
[48]Tiecheng Sun, Jianhui Guo, Rui Li, Lei Fu, Lian Liang. A ZVS DC-DC Converter Using Non-dissipativeSnubber Circuit [J]. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference 2003
[49]Wang. K, D. Boroyevich. Charge Control of Three-phase Buck PWM Rectifiers [R]. New Orleans: IEEE-APEC 2000 Conference,2000:824-831
[50]A.Bendre, Wallace. A Current Source PWM Inverter with Actively Commutated SCRs[J]. IEEE Trans On Power Electronics,2002,17 (4):461-468
[51]G. Oriti. Hybrid Rectifier Using Thyristors and IGBT for Low Cost Regenerative Drives[R]. New Orleans:IEEE-APEC 2000 Conference,2000:951-956
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