冲击荷载作用下混凝土路面的损伤演化
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摘要
随着我国经济的发展,对道路运输能力的要求越来越高,但是早期的公路已经出现了不同程度的破坏,如何翻修已成为公路部门必须面对和解决的技术问题。虽然我们在采用沥青加铺层技术改造混凝土路面方面进行了许多有益的尝试和技术探索,但混凝土路面的反射裂缝问题一直是影响加铺层使用寿命与使用性能的最根本原因。
目前,国内外在路面改造工程中常用到冲压破碎稳固技术,该技术不仅能有效控制反射裂缝的发展,而且在经济上具有明显的优势,效率高,节能环保。但是在施工过程和方法都是根据现场经验,缺少统一的标准,更没有从力学的角度对其进行分析。
本文首先推导了裂纹密度与损伤之间的关系,介绍了几种常见的混凝土损伤模型,对各种模型的优缺点进行了比较,并详细介绍了本文采用的ABAQUS损伤塑性模型。其次,通过对混凝土路面材料的压缩实验,得到了其单轴压缩全曲线,并通过仿真与实验相结合的方法得到了损伤演化关系。用带切口的试件结合三点弯曲实验的方法得到了混凝土材料的拉伸软化曲线。
在国内外混凝土损伤力学试验研究及结构损伤数值模拟方面研究的基础上,本文基于商用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立了冲击载荷作用下混凝土路面的损伤演化分析模型,模拟在蓝派五边轮冲击压实机的冲击下混凝土路面板的应力分布、损伤演化以及路面沉降。将不同加载速度,不同行进路径下的损伤演化进行比较,得到不同路况下冲压破碎效果最好的施工方案。
With the development of economics,the road transport capacity requirements become higher, but the road built earlier has suffered different degrees of damage, how to renovation old roads has become the technical problem that the road sector must face and solve. Although we have many useful attempts and technology exploration in repairing the concrete pavement with an additional asphalt overlay, but the reflective cracking always the most fundamental reason that influence the service life and capability of the additional overlay.
At present, punch breaking technology often used in road reconstruction projects domestic and overseas, this technology not only can effectively control the development of reflective cracking, but also has obvious advantages in economic and energy saving, and has high efficiency. However, both the construction process and methods are according to experience, lack of uniform standards; say nothing of analyzing it from the viewpoint of mechanics.
This paper derived the relationship between crack density and damage, introduced several common damage models of concrete and compared their advantages and disadvantages at first, and gave details of the concrete damaged plasticity model which this article used. Secondly, through the compression test of concrete road surface material, we got the uniaxial compression curves. We also got the damage evolution relations by combining simulation and experimental methods. According to three-point bending test, we got the tensile softening curve of concrete by using a specimen with a notch.
Based on the mechanical tasting of concrete damage and numerical simulation of structural damage home and abroad , This article established a finite model to analyze the damage evolution of the concrete pavement under Impact load with the commercial finite element software ABAQUS. By simulating the concrete pavement under loading of lan pai pentagon punch breaking machine, we get the stress distributing, the damage evolution, the sedimentation of the pavement. By comparing the result from different velocity and different path, we gain construction projects that most fit the road environment.
目前,国内外在路面改造工程中常用到冲压破碎稳固技术,该技术不仅能有效控制反射裂缝的发展,而且在经济上具有明显的优势,效率高,节能环保。但是在施工过程和方法都是根据现场经验,缺少统一的标准,更没有从力学的角度对其进行分析。
本文首先推导了裂纹密度与损伤之间的关系,介绍了几种常见的混凝土损伤模型,对各种模型的优缺点进行了比较,并详细介绍了本文采用的ABAQUS损伤塑性模型。其次,通过对混凝土路面材料的压缩实验,得到了其单轴压缩全曲线,并通过仿真与实验相结合的方法得到了损伤演化关系。用带切口的试件结合三点弯曲实验的方法得到了混凝土材料的拉伸软化曲线。
在国内外混凝土损伤力学试验研究及结构损伤数值模拟方面研究的基础上,本文基于商用有限元软件ABAQUS,建立了冲击载荷作用下混凝土路面的损伤演化分析模型,模拟在蓝派五边轮冲击压实机的冲击下混凝土路面板的应力分布、损伤演化以及路面沉降。将不同加载速度,不同行进路径下的损伤演化进行比较,得到不同路况下冲压破碎效果最好的施工方案。
With the development of economics,the road transport capacity requirements become higher, but the road built earlier has suffered different degrees of damage, how to renovation old roads has become the technical problem that the road sector must face and solve. Although we have many useful attempts and technology exploration in repairing the concrete pavement with an additional asphalt overlay, but the reflective cracking always the most fundamental reason that influence the service life and capability of the additional overlay.
At present, punch breaking technology often used in road reconstruction projects domestic and overseas, this technology not only can effectively control the development of reflective cracking, but also has obvious advantages in economic and energy saving, and has high efficiency. However, both the construction process and methods are according to experience, lack of uniform standards; say nothing of analyzing it from the viewpoint of mechanics.
This paper derived the relationship between crack density and damage, introduced several common damage models of concrete and compared their advantages and disadvantages at first, and gave details of the concrete damaged plasticity model which this article used. Secondly, through the compression test of concrete road surface material, we got the uniaxial compression curves. We also got the damage evolution relations by combining simulation and experimental methods. According to three-point bending test, we got the tensile softening curve of concrete by using a specimen with a notch.
Based on the mechanical tasting of concrete damage and numerical simulation of structural damage home and abroad , This article established a finite model to analyze the damage evolution of the concrete pavement under Impact load with the commercial finite element software ABAQUS. By simulating the concrete pavement under loading of lan pai pentagon punch breaking machine, we get the stress distributing, the damage evolution, the sedimentation of the pavement. By comparing the result from different velocity and different path, we gain construction projects that most fit the road environment.
引文
1张剑飞.中国公路发展与展望.交通运输系统工程与信息. 2006, 06(01):10~13.
2汤春霞.国外高速公路发展趋势.国外公路. 1999, 19(04):6~7.
3齐志刚.我国高速公路发展的特点分析.交通世界.2009, 03(01):109~111.
4彭存旺,李晓军.旧水泥混凝土路面破碎稳固技术在高速公路大修工程中的应用.交通科技与经济. 2005, 05(01):24~28.
5 DarHao Chen, Ph. D, P.E. Field Experiences with RDD and Overlay Tester for Concrete Pavement Rehabilitation. Journal of Transportation Engineering. 2008, 134(01):24~31.
6 Seung Woo Lee, Jae Min Bae , Seung Hwan Han, Stoffels S.M. Evaluation of Optimum Rubblized Depth to Prevent Reflection Cracks. Journal of Transportation Engineering. 2007, 133(06):355~359.
7 S. Doha Young, H. Baekb Sung, W. Kimc Kwang. Estimation of Relative Performance of Reinforced Overlaid Asphalt Concretes against Reflection Cracking Due to Bending More Fracture. Construction and Building Materials. 2009, 23(05):1803~1807.
8 Bennert Thomas, Maher Ali. Field and Laboratory Evaluation of A Reflective Crack Interlayer in New Jersey. Transportation Research Record. 2008,(2084):114~123.
9 S.A. Pereza, J.M. Balaya, P. Tamagnya, Ch. Petit. Accelerated Pavement Testing and Modeling of Reflective Cracking In Pavements. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2007,14(8):1526~1532.
10唐春安,朱万成.混凝土损伤与断裂-数值试验.北京:科学出版社,2003.
11 Georgee , Andreev,Brittle Failure of Rock Materials test Results and Constitutive Models. Balkma /Rotterdam/Brookfield:A.1995:1～5.
12 Mindess , S.Fracture process zone detection.1n Fracture Mechanics Test Methods for Concrete. Ed. Shah,P. and Carpenter ,A. Chapman & Hall,London.1991.231~255.
13杨颜毅,周维垣.岩石与混凝土类材料断裂过程研究.水利学报,1992,1l:
69～74.
14黄克智,徐秉业.固体力学发展趋势.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1995.196～198.
15 kachanov L.M.Time of the rapture process under creep conditions[J].TVZ Akad.Nank.S.S.R.Otd.Tech.Nuak.1958,8.
16 Robotnov Y N. Creep rapture[C] ,Proc12,Ienter. Congress,AppI. Mech. Stanford,Springer Berlin,1969.
17 Lemaitre J. Application of damage concepts to predict creep-fatigue failure[c].J. Eng. Mat. Tech,ASME,1979,101(l):202~209.
18 Hult J. Damage induced tensile instability [C].Trans.3rdAMIRT,London,1974.
19 Kajcionovic D. Continuum damage theory of brittle material [J].J.AppI.Mech.1981 (48):809~824.
20 Sidoroff . Description of anisotropic damage application to elasticity[A].Proceedings of IUTAM Colloquium.Physical Nonlinearities in Structural Analysis[C].1981:237~244.
21 Gurson A L.Continuum theory of ductile rupure by void nucleation and growth. Yield criterial and flow rules for porous ductile media.J.Mater.Tech.,1977,99,2~15.
22 Noh.Sam-Yong, Kratzig,wilfried.B,Meskourid.konsiantin.Numerical simulation of serviceability,damage evoludon and failure of reinforced concrete shells.Computer and structures,v81,n8-11,p843~857 May,2003.
23余天庆,钱济成.损伤理论及其应用[M]。国防工业出版社,1993.
24李兆霞.损伤力学及其应用[M].科学出版社,2000.
25杨廷毅.混凝土损伤断裂过程研究[M].浙江大学出版社,1993.
26杨光松.损伤力学与复合材料损伤[M],国防工业出版社,1995.
27陈建兵.李杰.混凝土结构非线性随机损伤状态的演化分析[J],东南大学学报,2002.32 (5):756~759.
28任青文,徐道远等.复杂条件下的高拱坝(300米级)建设中的应用基础研究,国家自然科学基金委员会,1997:l~53.
29刘华,蔡正敏,杨菊生等.混凝土结构三维损伤开裂破坏全过程非线性有限元分析[J],工程力学,1999,4:45~5l.
30张强勇.朱维申-金亚兵.弹塑性损伤模型在某地下厂房中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999.18(6):654~657.
31杨廷毅,周维垣.岩石与混凝土类材料断裂过程研究.水利学报,1992年11月:69~74.
32王哲,林皋,逯静洲.混凝土的单轴率型本构模型.大连理工大学学报,2000,40(5):597~601.
33肖诗云,林皋,王哲.Drucker-Prager材料一致率型本构模型.工程力学,2003,20(4):147~151.
34肖诗云,林皋,李宏男.混凝土ww三参数率相关动态本构模型.计算力学学报,2004,21(6):641-646.
35 Lubliner, J. Oliver, S. Oiler, E. Onate. A Plastic-Damage Model for Concrete. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 1989, 25(3):229~326.
36 Junichi Sakai, Kazuhiko Kawashima. Unloading and Reloading Stress–Strain Model for Confined Concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering. 2006, 123(01):112~122.
37 Dimitrios K. Konstantinidis, Andreas J.Kappos, Bassam A.Izzuddin. Analytical Stress–Strain Model for High-Strength Concrete Members under Cyclic Loading. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING. 2007, 133(04):484~492.
38 Domingo Sfer, Ignacio Carol, Ravindra Gettu, Guillermo Etc. Study of the Behavior of Concrete under Triaxial Compression. Journal of Engineering Mechanics. 2002,128(2):156~159.
39 Evans R H, Mara the M S. Micro cracking and stress strain curves for concrete in tension [J] .Materials and Structures,1968.1(1):61~64.
40 Zheng W. Shock vibration resistance and direct tensile strength of concrete [D] Hong Kong: The University of Hong Kong, 2001.
41 Schorn H, Berger Bocker T. Test method for determining process zone position and fracture energy of concrete [J].Experimental Techniques, 1989, 29:29~33
42过镇海.混凝土的强度和变形-试验基础和本构关系[M]北京:清华大学出版杜,1997.
43 Li Z.Kullsarni S M , Shab S P . New test method for obtaining softening response of unnotched concrete specimen under uniaxial tension [J]. Experimental Mechanics.1993.33:181-188.
44 Chai J C,Miura N.Traffic-load-induced permanent deformation of road on soft subsoil[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE.2002,
128(11):907~916.
2汤春霞.国外高速公路发展趋势.国外公路. 1999, 19(04):6~7.
3齐志刚.我国高速公路发展的特点分析.交通世界.2009, 03(01):109~111.
4彭存旺,李晓军.旧水泥混凝土路面破碎稳固技术在高速公路大修工程中的应用.交通科技与经济. 2005, 05(01):24~28.
5 DarHao Chen, Ph. D, P.E. Field Experiences with RDD and Overlay Tester for Concrete Pavement Rehabilitation. Journal of Transportation Engineering. 2008, 134(01):24~31.
6 Seung Woo Lee, Jae Min Bae , Seung Hwan Han, Stoffels S.M. Evaluation of Optimum Rubblized Depth to Prevent Reflection Cracks. Journal of Transportation Engineering. 2007, 133(06):355~359.
7 S. Doha Young, H. Baekb Sung, W. Kimc Kwang. Estimation of Relative Performance of Reinforced Overlaid Asphalt Concretes against Reflection Cracking Due to Bending More Fracture. Construction and Building Materials. 2009, 23(05):1803~1807.
8 Bennert Thomas, Maher Ali. Field and Laboratory Evaluation of A Reflective Crack Interlayer in New Jersey. Transportation Research Record. 2008,(2084):114~123.
9 S.A. Pereza, J.M. Balaya, P. Tamagnya, Ch. Petit. Accelerated Pavement Testing and Modeling of Reflective Cracking In Pavements. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2007,14(8):1526~1532.
10唐春安,朱万成.混凝土损伤与断裂-数值试验.北京:科学出版社,2003.
11 Georgee , Andreev,Brittle Failure of Rock Materials test Results and Constitutive Models. Balkma /Rotterdam/Brookfield:A.1995:1～5.
12 Mindess , S.Fracture process zone detection.1n Fracture Mechanics Test Methods for Concrete. Ed. Shah,P. and Carpenter ,A. Chapman & Hall,London.1991.231~255.
13杨颜毅,周维垣.岩石与混凝土类材料断裂过程研究.水利学报,1992,1l:
69～74.
14黄克智,徐秉业.固体力学发展趋势.北京:北京理工大学出版社,1995.196～198.
15 kachanov L.M.Time of the rapture process under creep conditions[J].TVZ Akad.Nank.S.S.R.Otd.Tech.Nuak.1958,8.
16 Robotnov Y N. Creep rapture[C] ,Proc12,Ienter. Congress,AppI. Mech. Stanford,Springer Berlin,1969.
17 Lemaitre J. Application of damage concepts to predict creep-fatigue failure[c].J. Eng. Mat. Tech,ASME,1979,101(l):202~209.
18 Hult J. Damage induced tensile instability [C].Trans.3rdAMIRT,London,1974.
19 Kajcionovic D. Continuum damage theory of brittle material [J].J.AppI.Mech.1981 (48):809~824.
20 Sidoroff . Description of anisotropic damage application to elasticity[A].Proceedings of IUTAM Colloquium.Physical Nonlinearities in Structural Analysis[C].1981:237~244.
21 Gurson A L.Continuum theory of ductile rupure by void nucleation and growth. Yield criterial and flow rules for porous ductile media.J.Mater.Tech.,1977,99,2~15.
22 Noh.Sam-Yong, Kratzig,wilfried.B,Meskourid.konsiantin.Numerical simulation of serviceability,damage evoludon and failure of reinforced concrete shells.Computer and structures,v81,n8-11,p843~857 May,2003.
23余天庆,钱济成.损伤理论及其应用[M]。国防工业出版社,1993.
24李兆霞.损伤力学及其应用[M].科学出版社,2000.
25杨廷毅.混凝土损伤断裂过程研究[M].浙江大学出版社,1993.
26杨光松.损伤力学与复合材料损伤[M],国防工业出版社,1995.
27陈建兵.李杰.混凝土结构非线性随机损伤状态的演化分析[J],东南大学学报,2002.32 (5):756~759.
28任青文,徐道远等.复杂条件下的高拱坝(300米级)建设中的应用基础研究,国家自然科学基金委员会,1997:l~53.
29刘华,蔡正敏,杨菊生等.混凝土结构三维损伤开裂破坏全过程非线性有限元分析[J],工程力学,1999,4:45~5l.
30张强勇.朱维申-金亚兵.弹塑性损伤模型在某地下厂房中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999.18(6):654~657.
31杨廷毅,周维垣.岩石与混凝土类材料断裂过程研究.水利学报,1992年11月:69~74.
32王哲,林皋,逯静洲.混凝土的单轴率型本构模型.大连理工大学学报,2000,40(5):597~601.
33肖诗云,林皋,王哲.Drucker-Prager材料一致率型本构模型.工程力学,2003,20(4):147~151.
34肖诗云,林皋,李宏男.混凝土ww三参数率相关动态本构模型.计算力学学报,2004,21(6):641-646.
35 Lubliner, J. Oliver, S. Oiler, E. Onate. A Plastic-Damage Model for Concrete. International Journal of Solids and Structures. 1989, 25(3):229~326.
36 Junichi Sakai, Kazuhiko Kawashima. Unloading and Reloading Stress–Strain Model for Confined Concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering. 2006, 123(01):112~122.
37 Dimitrios K. Konstantinidis, Andreas J.Kappos, Bassam A.Izzuddin. Analytical Stress–Strain Model for High-Strength Concrete Members under Cyclic Loading. JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING. 2007, 133(04):484~492.
38 Domingo Sfer, Ignacio Carol, Ravindra Gettu, Guillermo Etc. Study of the Behavior of Concrete under Triaxial Compression. Journal of Engineering Mechanics. 2002,128(2):156~159.
39 Evans R H, Mara the M S. Micro cracking and stress strain curves for concrete in tension [J] .Materials and Structures,1968.1(1):61~64.
40 Zheng W. Shock vibration resistance and direct tensile strength of concrete [D] Hong Kong: The University of Hong Kong, 2001.
41 Schorn H, Berger Bocker T. Test method for determining process zone position and fracture energy of concrete [J].Experimental Techniques, 1989, 29:29~33
42过镇海.混凝土的强度和变形-试验基础和本构关系[M]北京:清华大学出版杜,1997.
43 Li Z.Kullsarni S M , Shab S P . New test method for obtaining softening response of unnotched concrete specimen under uniaxial tension [J]. Experimental Mechanics.1993.33:181-188.
44 Chai J C,Miura N.Traffic-load-induced permanent deformation of road on soft subsoil[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE.2002,
128(11):907~916.