基于TRIZ的机械产品创新设计方法研究
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摘要
产品创新是企业赖以生存和发展的基础,是企业创新体系中的重要组成部分,需要科学理论和方法的指导。作为产品创新的核心,概念设计日益受到人们的重视。概念设计方法当中很重要的一种理论——TRIZ(发明问题解决理论)是专门研究创新和概念设计的理论,它是由解决技术问题和实现创新开发的各种方法、算法组成的综合理论体系,已经为工程问题的解提供了一系列的工具:如发明原理、分离原理、标准解、效应库等。
本文对TRIZ的理论及其在产品创新中的应用进行了研究,主要进行了以下几方面的工作:
1.在对TRIZ基本原理、一般解题方法以及过程进行分析的基础上,研究了应用TRIZ技术进化理论、矛盾解决理论、效应知识库进行产品创新的途径和具体方法。
2.针对应用TRIZ矛盾解决理论中矛盾问题无法确定的情况,提出了面向无矛盾产品创新方法。当产品无明显缺陷又需要改进时(即无矛盾问题),引入“改善特定工程特性的创新法则表”来寻找创新解。
3.基于计算机辅助创新设计软件TechOptimizer,提出面向无矛盾问题产品创新流程。包括产品基础功能模块的建立、运用“改善特定工程特性的创新法则表”产生创新概念、创新概念的表达、基础功能与创新功能的集成、系统评价与修剪等,最终产生创新产品概念设计。
应用实例证明了本方法的可行性,为产品设计方法提供了一种新的解题思路。
Product innovation is the survival and developing foundation of the corporation. Being the main part of enterprise innovation system, product innovation needs scientific theory and method. As the core of product innovation, conceptual design is paid more attention. TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving)is a kind of very important theories in the conceptual design method. TRIZ is a theory about invention and concept. It is an integrated theory composed of all kinds of methods for solving technical problem and innovative development and arithmetic. It has provided a series of tools for engineering problems, such as inventive principles, separation principles, standard solutions and effects database.
In this paper, the TRIZ theory and the application in product innovation is studied. The following works are covered:
1. Based on analysis of the basic principles, general solution approach and process of TRIZ, the approach and method of product innovation using technology evolution, conflict resolve theories, effects database of TRIZ is studied.
2. According to the simulation that we can’t confirm the contradictions in the application of TRIZ theory, a new method for no-contradictions-product was put forward, furthermore, the innovation principle table of improvement for the specified engineering characteristics was introduced.
3. Based on the computer aided-inventive design software TechOptimizer, an innovation process for no-contradiction product was put forward. It includes establishing the product basic functions module, putting forward the innovation concepts in use of ABC, expressing the innovation concepts, integrating the basic and innovation functions, evaluating and trimming the system models. At last, the concept design of the new product is generated.
Finally, with an example the feasibility was proved, and a new problem solving method is provided for product design.
本文对TRIZ的理论及其在产品创新中的应用进行了研究,主要进行了以下几方面的工作:
1.在对TRIZ基本原理、一般解题方法以及过程进行分析的基础上,研究了应用TRIZ技术进化理论、矛盾解决理论、效应知识库进行产品创新的途径和具体方法。
2.针对应用TRIZ矛盾解决理论中矛盾问题无法确定的情况,提出了面向无矛盾产品创新方法。当产品无明显缺陷又需要改进时(即无矛盾问题),引入“改善特定工程特性的创新法则表”来寻找创新解。
3.基于计算机辅助创新设计软件TechOptimizer,提出面向无矛盾问题产品创新流程。包括产品基础功能模块的建立、运用“改善特定工程特性的创新法则表”产生创新概念、创新概念的表达、基础功能与创新功能的集成、系统评价与修剪等,最终产生创新产品概念设计。
应用实例证明了本方法的可行性,为产品设计方法提供了一种新的解题思路。
Product innovation is the survival and developing foundation of the corporation. Being the main part of enterprise innovation system, product innovation needs scientific theory and method. As the core of product innovation, conceptual design is paid more attention. TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving)is a kind of very important theories in the conceptual design method. TRIZ is a theory about invention and concept. It is an integrated theory composed of all kinds of methods for solving technical problem and innovative development and arithmetic. It has provided a series of tools for engineering problems, such as inventive principles, separation principles, standard solutions and effects database.
In this paper, the TRIZ theory and the application in product innovation is studied. The following works are covered:
1. Based on analysis of the basic principles, general solution approach and process of TRIZ, the approach and method of product innovation using technology evolution, conflict resolve theories, effects database of TRIZ is studied.
2. According to the simulation that we can’t confirm the contradictions in the application of TRIZ theory, a new method for no-contradictions-product was put forward, furthermore, the innovation principle table of improvement for the specified engineering characteristics was introduced.
3. Based on the computer aided-inventive design software TechOptimizer, an innovation process for no-contradiction product was put forward. It includes establishing the product basic functions module, putting forward the innovation concepts in use of ABC, expressing the innovation concepts, integrating the basic and innovation functions, evaluating and trimming the system models. At last, the concept design of the new product is generated.
Finally, with an example the feasibility was proved, and a new problem solving method is provided for product design.
引文
[1]孙平,王谊.产品创新[M].成都:西南财经大学出版社,1998.
[2]傅家骥.技术创新学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[3]胡树华,蔡铂.论产品创新[J].中国机械工程,1998,Vol.9,(2):57.
[4]檀润华.创新设计-TRIZ:发明问题解决理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[5]PahlG,BeitzW 著,张直明,等译.工程设计学-学习与实践手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992.
[6]French M.J.Conceptual Design for Engineers Second Edition.London:The Design Council 1985.
[7]National Research Council. Improving Engineering Design: Design for Competitive Advantage[M].National Academy Press,Washington DC,1991.
[8]舒慧林,刘继仁,等,计算机辅助机械产品概念设计研究综述[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000(12):947-954.
[9]Sturges RHO,Shaughnessy K,Kilani MJ.Computational Model foe Conceptual Design Based in Extended Function Logic.AIEDAM,1996.
[10]Qian L,Gero JS.Function-belavior-structure Paths and their Role in Analogy-based Design.AIEDAM,1996,10(4):289-312.
[11]UmedaY,IshiM.Supporting Conceptual Design Based on the Function-behavior-state Modular.AIEDAM,1996,10(4):275-288.
[12]AdzhievV,BeynonM,etal.A New Computer-Based Tool for Conceptual Design.Proceedings of the 1994 Lancaster international Workshop on Engineering Design CACD 94:Conceptual Design,Lancaster,1994:171-188.
[13]LiC.L,TanS.T,ChenK.W.A Qualitative and Heuristic Approach to the Conceptual Design of Mechanisms.Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence,1996,9(1):17-31.
[14]吴正洪,邹慧君.机械设计中机构选型初探[J].机械设计与研究,1989,(4).
[15]邹慧君,顾明敏,机械系统方案设计专家系统初探(一)——数据库管理系统的建立[J].机械设计,1996,(5):26-28.
[16]邹慧君,顾明敏.机械系统方案设计专家系统初探(二)——推理系统的建立和应用[J].机械设计,1996,(6):12-14.
[17]孔凡国,邹慧君.基于实例的机构创新设计理论于方法的研究[J].机构与电子,1996,(2):17-19.
[18]毛权,肖人彬,周济.CBR 中基于实例特征的相似实例检索模型研究[J].计算机研究发展,1997,34(4):257-263.
[19]潘云鹤,耿卫东,童欣.面向智能 CAD 的分层构造自动型方法[J].软件学报,1996,7(5):280-285.
[20]Feng P,Xu G,Zhang M.Feature modeling Based in Design Catalogues for Principle Conceptual Design.AIEDAM,1996,10(4):347～354.
[21]王小同,范立础.智能设计系统的 IDS 模型[J].模式识别与人工智能,1996,19(2):112～118.
[22]黄旗明,潘云鹤,基于 AGENT 的协同 TRIZ 研究[J].中国图象图形学报,2001,6(5):507～509.
[23]郑称德.TRIZ 理论及其设计模型[J].管理工程学报.2003,17(1):84～87.
[24]侯智,张根保,丁志华.问题解决系统:TRIZ 之后的问题解决方法[J].机电产品开发与创新,2002,(4):16～19.
[25]Alla Zusman,Boris Zlotin and Gafur Zainiev. An Application of Directed Evolution,Ideation International Inc.,2003.
[26]Altshuller.G.The innovation algorithm.Technical Innovation Center,Worcester,1999.
[27]Heather M Smolensky ,Analysis of the Evolution of Training Tools and Systems Using theTRIZ Methodology,Journal of TRIZ,2000,(5).
[28]檀润华,王庆禹,苑彩云,段国林.发明问题解决理论:TRIZ[J].机械设计, 2001,(7):7～12.
[29]张换高,基于专利分析的产品技术成熟度预测技术及其软件开发:[硕士学位论文],天津:河北工业大学,2003.
[30]Severine Gahide, Application of TRIZ to Technology Forecasting Case Study:Yarn Spinning Technology,Journalof TRIZ,1999,(3).
[31]AltshullerG.The Innovation Algorithm, TRIZ, Systematic Innovation and Technical Creativity[J] , Worcester:Technical Innovation Center,INC,1999
[32]Fey V S,Rivin E I,V ertkinIM.Application of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving to Design and manufacturing Systems[J].Annals of the CIRP,1994,43(1):107.11.
[33]邓家褆.产品概念设计――理论、方法与技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.93～99.
[34]Toru Nakagawa,TRIZ,Theory of Inventive Problem Solving-Understanding and introducingIt[J].www.triz-journal.com,19.
[35]刘志成.绿色创新设计方法之研究:[D],台湾:国立成功大学,2002.
[36]曹国忠.基于 TRIZ 的效应研究及其软件实现:[D],石家庄:河北工业大学,2003.
[37]Terninko,J.,Zusman,A.and Zlotin,B.,Systematic Innovation -An Introduction to TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving),CRC Press LLC, 1998.
[38]Invention Machine Corporation,TechOptimizer3.0 Training Course,Feb. 1999.
[39]Simoff S J,Maher M L.Analysing participation in collaborative design environments. Design Studies,2000,21(2):119～144.
[2]傅家骥.技术创新学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998.
[3]胡树华,蔡铂.论产品创新[J].中国机械工程,1998,Vol.9,(2):57.
[4]檀润华.创新设计-TRIZ:发明问题解决理论[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.
[5]PahlG,BeitzW 著,张直明,等译.工程设计学-学习与实践手册[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1992.
[6]French M.J.Conceptual Design for Engineers Second Edition.London:The Design Council 1985.
[7]National Research Council. Improving Engineering Design: Design for Competitive Advantage[M].National Academy Press,Washington DC,1991.
[8]舒慧林,刘继仁,等,计算机辅助机械产品概念设计研究综述[J].计算机辅助设计与图形学学报,2000(12):947-954.
[9]Sturges RHO,Shaughnessy K,Kilani MJ.Computational Model foe Conceptual Design Based in Extended Function Logic.AIEDAM,1996.
[10]Qian L,Gero JS.Function-belavior-structure Paths and their Role in Analogy-based Design.AIEDAM,1996,10(4):289-312.
[11]UmedaY,IshiM.Supporting Conceptual Design Based on the Function-behavior-state Modular.AIEDAM,1996,10(4):275-288.
[12]AdzhievV,BeynonM,etal.A New Computer-Based Tool for Conceptual Design.Proceedings of the 1994 Lancaster international Workshop on Engineering Design CACD 94:Conceptual Design,Lancaster,1994:171-188.
[13]LiC.L,TanS.T,ChenK.W.A Qualitative and Heuristic Approach to the Conceptual Design of Mechanisms.Engineering Application of Artificial Intelligence,1996,9(1):17-31.
[14]吴正洪,邹慧君.机械设计中机构选型初探[J].机械设计与研究,1989,(4).
[15]邹慧君,顾明敏,机械系统方案设计专家系统初探(一)——数据库管理系统的建立[J].机械设计,1996,(5):26-28.
[16]邹慧君,顾明敏.机械系统方案设计专家系统初探(二)——推理系统的建立和应用[J].机械设计,1996,(6):12-14.
[17]孔凡国,邹慧君.基于实例的机构创新设计理论于方法的研究[J].机构与电子,1996,(2):17-19.
[18]毛权,肖人彬,周济.CBR 中基于实例特征的相似实例检索模型研究[J].计算机研究发展,1997,34(4):257-263.
[19]潘云鹤,耿卫东,童欣.面向智能 CAD 的分层构造自动型方法[J].软件学报,1996,7(5):280-285.
[20]Feng P,Xu G,Zhang M.Feature modeling Based in Design Catalogues for Principle Conceptual Design.AIEDAM,1996,10(4):347～354.
[21]王小同,范立础.智能设计系统的 IDS 模型[J].模式识别与人工智能,1996,19(2):112～118.
[22]黄旗明,潘云鹤,基于 AGENT 的协同 TRIZ 研究[J].中国图象图形学报,2001,6(5):507～509.
[23]郑称德.TRIZ 理论及其设计模型[J].管理工程学报.2003,17(1):84～87.
[24]侯智,张根保,丁志华.问题解决系统:TRIZ 之后的问题解决方法[J].机电产品开发与创新,2002,(4):16～19.
[25]Alla Zusman,Boris Zlotin and Gafur Zainiev. An Application of Directed Evolution,Ideation International Inc.,2003.
[26]Altshuller.G.The innovation algorithm.Technical Innovation Center,Worcester,1999.
[27]Heather M Smolensky ,Analysis of the Evolution of Training Tools and Systems Using theTRIZ Methodology,Journal of TRIZ,2000,(5).
[28]檀润华,王庆禹,苑彩云,段国林.发明问题解决理论:TRIZ[J].机械设计, 2001,(7):7～12.
[29]张换高,基于专利分析的产品技术成熟度预测技术及其软件开发:[硕士学位论文],天津:河北工业大学,2003.
[30]Severine Gahide, Application of TRIZ to Technology Forecasting Case Study:Yarn Spinning Technology,Journalof TRIZ,1999,(3).
[31]AltshullerG.The Innovation Algorithm, TRIZ, Systematic Innovation and Technical Creativity[J] , Worcester:Technical Innovation Center,INC,1999
[32]Fey V S,Rivin E I,V ertkinIM.Application of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving to Design and manufacturing Systems[J].Annals of the CIRP,1994,43(1):107.11.
[33]邓家褆.产品概念设计――理论、方法与技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002.93～99.
[34]Toru Nakagawa,TRIZ,Theory of Inventive Problem Solving-Understanding and introducingIt[J].www.triz-journal.com,19.
[35]刘志成.绿色创新设计方法之研究:[D],台湾:国立成功大学,2002.
[36]曹国忠.基于 TRIZ 的效应研究及其软件实现:[D],石家庄:河北工业大学,2003.
[37]Terninko,J.,Zusman,A.and Zlotin,B.,Systematic Innovation -An Introduction to TRIZ (Theory of Inventive Problem Solving),CRC Press LLC, 1998.
[38]Invention Machine Corporation,TechOptimizer3.0 Training Course,Feb. 1999.
[39]Simoff S J,Maher M L.Analysing participation in collaborative design environments. Design Studies,2000,21(2):119～144.