大庆油田化工工业污水处理技术研究
摘要
本文针对含甲醇、醋酸、合成氨MDEA废水、轻烃和重烷基苯的大庆油田化工污水,进行生物法水处理小试研究实验,通过对污水的高分子絮凝剂预处理实验和微生物筛选、水处理的小试实验后证明,小试系统的负荷达到了8-12 kg COD/m~3·d处理量,经过处理的水pH在8.5-9.0,出水COD为78 mg/L,达到了国家一级排放标准(COD<100 mg/L)排放标准,这表明生物法完全能适合大庆油田化工工业污水水处理,同时该小试实验为后期的大庆油田化工污水处理的工业化中试试验提供可靠的科学依据和保障。
In order to deal with chemical industrial sewage in Daqing, and improve water quality to achieve the national second levels of standards, we have carried out the biological method for the research on processing sewage technology. Before the biological treatment, we carry on the pretreatment sewage with flocculation to remove the organic aerosol, simultaneously choose a suitable biological mold mushroom spawn being useful for the chemical sewage system, then through biological technology on water treatment to process deleterious substances in sewage system.
1 Design on experiment principle
1.1 Selection and application mechanism of flocculant
The flocculant of polymer positive ion, polyacrylamide(CPAM), which has been used in the Daqing Oil Field, was selected in this research. The mechanism is that there is a unique– CONH2 functional group in polymer structure, it shows adsorption bridging function between the molecular chains of the suspension, increases the size of the cotton wool body vitriol flower, that is good for subsiding and removing the macro-molecule material in sewage system.
1.2 Processing sewage by biological method
The selected biological methods include biological treatment crafts of the love-oxygen biology system, anaerobic biology system and the concurrent-oxygen biology system. We select a mold mushroom spawn that is suitable for screening processing sewage in this experiment, and use it with anaerobic sludge to apply in the test installation, finally determined that the water treatment UASB- love-oxygen craft is the preferred plan
2 Experiment content
2.1 waste water treatment
We match 1% and 5%wt of polyacrylamide (CPAM) with the distilled water as flocculation solution. Then put 50ppm and the 100ppm flocculation solution into each water sample separately, determines the COD value before and after adding the flocculation solution. The results indicate that the COD values of synthetic ammonia, the surfactant and the acetic acid installment sewage do not decrease; In methanol and the light hydrocarbon installment sewage, the organic positive ion flocculant of polyacrylamide can adsorb and flocculate efficiently two sewage aerosol materials and so on hydrocarbon compound, waxy compound and lubricating oil, can the effective elimination harm installment and the flammable explosive material enters the following craft before biological law processing. After the flocculant content increasing, the COD value of experimental waste water enhance, our experiments regarding the positive ion polyacrylamide obtain the best flocculant content about 1%wt.
2.2 Biology experiment
2.2.1 Mold mushroom spawn screening and method
In the massive mold mushroom spawns preserves which from our topic-based group carries on is suitable the mold mushroom spawn screening, will wait the screening strain separately to vaccinate in turn in the waste water. Mainly uses the determination strain takes strain screening in the waste water growth as well as the COD elimination quantity the target.
After the beginning selection and duplicate sieves selection of the mold mushroom spawn, finally 9 kinds of mold mushroom spawn are determined to join in the reactor carrying on the experiment.
2.2.2 Processing experiment
Used 2 sets slightly to try to install (i.e. UASB- good oxygen craft, the good oxygen - UASB craft and the SBR craft).UASB reactor dischargeable capacity is 10 L, the good oxygen reactor dischargeable capacity is 5 L, enters the water speed of flow is 0.5-1.0 L/h, the water power resident time is: UASB (20-10 h), good oxygen reactor (10-5 h).The SBR reactor dischargeable capacity is 10 L, water power resident time 30 h,12 h is a cycle: Enters water 30 min, tires of oxygen 6 h, ventilates 3 h (ventilation quantity 70 L/h), precipitates 2 h, drains water 30 min. Enters the water configuration proportion: Methyl alcohol intermixture 29.8%, synthetic ammonia MDEA waste water 3%, synthetic ammonia condensate 30%, acetic acid installment waste water 34.1%, light hydrocarbon waste water 1.4%, table live medicinal preparation waste water 1.7%.
2.2.3 Experiment results
Slightly the system is tried to mix the waste water to show the very good processing effect, specially after the stable movement, had achieved to the COD elimination rate 99%, the majority time water leakage have achieved the national level emissions standard (<100 mg/L), so long as the entered water density is stable, the system load is stable, that can attain a designated standard the requirement of the national second level of emissions standards (<150 mg/L).
In order to deal with chemical industrial sewage in Daqing, and improve water quality to achieve the national second levels of standards, we have carried out the biological method for the research on processing sewage technology. Before the biological treatment, we carry on the pretreatment sewage with flocculation to remove the organic aerosol, simultaneously choose a suitable biological mold mushroom spawn being useful for the chemical sewage system, then through biological technology on water treatment to process deleterious substances in sewage system.
1 Design on experiment principle
1.1 Selection and application mechanism of flocculant
The flocculant of polymer positive ion, polyacrylamide(CPAM), which has been used in the Daqing Oil Field, was selected in this research. The mechanism is that there is a unique– CONH2 functional group in polymer structure, it shows adsorption bridging function between the molecular chains of the suspension, increases the size of the cotton wool body vitriol flower, that is good for subsiding and removing the macro-molecule material in sewage system.
1.2 Processing sewage by biological method
The selected biological methods include biological treatment crafts of the love-oxygen biology system, anaerobic biology system and the concurrent-oxygen biology system. We select a mold mushroom spawn that is suitable for screening processing sewage in this experiment, and use it with anaerobic sludge to apply in the test installation, finally determined that the water treatment UASB- love-oxygen craft is the preferred plan
2 Experiment content
2.1 waste water treatment
We match 1% and 5%wt of polyacrylamide (CPAM) with the distilled water as flocculation solution. Then put 50ppm and the 100ppm flocculation solution into each water sample separately, determines the COD value before and after adding the flocculation solution. The results indicate that the COD values of synthetic ammonia, the surfactant and the acetic acid installment sewage do not decrease; In methanol and the light hydrocarbon installment sewage, the organic positive ion flocculant of polyacrylamide can adsorb and flocculate efficiently two sewage aerosol materials and so on hydrocarbon compound, waxy compound and lubricating oil, can the effective elimination harm installment and the flammable explosive material enters the following craft before biological law processing. After the flocculant content increasing, the COD value of experimental waste water enhance, our experiments regarding the positive ion polyacrylamide obtain the best flocculant content about 1%wt.
2.2 Biology experiment
2.2.1 Mold mushroom spawn screening and method
In the massive mold mushroom spawns preserves which from our topic-based group carries on is suitable the mold mushroom spawn screening, will wait the screening strain separately to vaccinate in turn in the waste water. Mainly uses the determination strain takes strain screening in the waste water growth as well as the COD elimination quantity the target.
After the beginning selection and duplicate sieves selection of the mold mushroom spawn, finally 9 kinds of mold mushroom spawn are determined to join in the reactor carrying on the experiment.
2.2.2 Processing experiment
Used 2 sets slightly to try to install (i.e. UASB- good oxygen craft, the good oxygen - UASB craft and the SBR craft).UASB reactor dischargeable capacity is 10 L, the good oxygen reactor dischargeable capacity is 5 L, enters the water speed of flow is 0.5-1.0 L/h, the water power resident time is: UASB (20-10 h), good oxygen reactor (10-5 h).The SBR reactor dischargeable capacity is 10 L, water power resident time 30 h,12 h is a cycle: Enters water 30 min, tires of oxygen 6 h, ventilates 3 h (ventilation quantity 70 L/h), precipitates 2 h, drains water 30 min. Enters the water configuration proportion: Methyl alcohol intermixture 29.8%, synthetic ammonia MDEA waste water 3%, synthetic ammonia condensate 30%, acetic acid installment waste water 34.1%, light hydrocarbon waste water 1.4%, table live medicinal preparation waste water 1.7%.
2.2.3 Experiment results
Slightly the system is tried to mix the waste water to show the very good processing effect, specially after the stable movement, had achieved to the COD elimination rate 99%, the majority time water leakage have achieved the national level emissions standard (<100 mg/L), so long as the entered water density is stable, the system load is stable, that can attain a designated standard the requirement of the national second level of emissions standards (<150 mg/L).
引文
1、唐受印,汪大翚等.废水处理工程.北京:化学工业出版社,1999
2、张明.硝化细菌应用技术研究.华东师范大学,2003,9
3、王惠,卢渊.微生物技术在石油工业中的应用.科技进步与对策,2003,增刊:291～293
4、胡松涛.甲醇工业污水深度处理和回用的研究.黑龙江大学,2006
5、赵亮,张振云,黄波,从庆平.含醇污水预处理工艺在长庆气田的应用.石油化工设备, 2007, 36(1): 75～77
6、唐丽,郑志刚.稠油污水处理系统改造与絮凝剂筛选试验研究.承德石油高等专科学校学报,2007,9(3): 4～6
7、邹明华,都芳兰,赵林,马光阳.无机絮凝剂在油田水处理中的应用发展.断块油气田, 2006,13(6):76～78
8、赵林,徐玉霞,马超,占程程.油田污水处理高分子絮凝剂的发展现状.河南石油,200519(3 ):67～70
9、葛胜祥,尹先清.油田水处理药剂研究进展.内蒙古石油化工,2007,12:154～156
10、刘雪娟,李伟,封明军.油田常用絮凝剂在萨南油田污水中的应用研究.国际表面活性剂/洗涤剂会议,2006,(第九届):155～160
11、陈平,崔红梅,李亚峰.油田污水的生物处理技术.辽宁化工,2007,36(3):178～180
12、李英.大型甲醇生产厂废水治理措施.山西煤炭管理干部学院学报,2007,3:136～138
13、Murakami T, Usui J, Takamura K, et al; Application of immersed-type membrane separation activated sludge process to municipal wastewater treatment [M];Wat. Sci. Tech; 2000年
14、Bouhbila E H, Aim R B , Buisson H; Fouling characterisation in membrane bioreactors [M];Separation and Purification Technology; 2001年
15、Defrance, Jaffrin; Comparison between filtrations at fixed transmembrane pressure and fixed permeate flux: application to a membrane bioreactor used for wastewater treatment [M];J. Memb.Sci; 1999年
16、Petruccioli M,,Duarte J C,Eujsebio A,et al; Aerobic treatmentof winery wastewater using a jet-loop activated sludge reactor[J] [M];Process Biochemistry; 2002年
17、Wisniewski C; Kinetics of organic carbon removal by a mixed cul-ture in a membrane bioreactor[J] [M];Biochemical Engineering Journ-al; 1999年
2、张明.硝化细菌应用技术研究.华东师范大学,2003,9
3、王惠,卢渊.微生物技术在石油工业中的应用.科技进步与对策,2003,增刊:291～293
4、胡松涛.甲醇工业污水深度处理和回用的研究.黑龙江大学,2006
5、赵亮,张振云,黄波,从庆平.含醇污水预处理工艺在长庆气田的应用.石油化工设备, 2007, 36(1): 75～77
6、唐丽,郑志刚.稠油污水处理系统改造与絮凝剂筛选试验研究.承德石油高等专科学校学报,2007,9(3): 4～6
7、邹明华,都芳兰,赵林,马光阳.无机絮凝剂在油田水处理中的应用发展.断块油气田, 2006,13(6):76～78
8、赵林,徐玉霞,马超,占程程.油田污水处理高分子絮凝剂的发展现状.河南石油,200519(3 ):67～70
9、葛胜祥,尹先清.油田水处理药剂研究进展.内蒙古石油化工,2007,12:154～156
10、刘雪娟,李伟,封明军.油田常用絮凝剂在萨南油田污水中的应用研究.国际表面活性剂/洗涤剂会议,2006,(第九届):155～160
11、陈平,崔红梅,李亚峰.油田污水的生物处理技术.辽宁化工,2007,36(3):178～180
12、李英.大型甲醇生产厂废水治理措施.山西煤炭管理干部学院学报,2007,3:136～138
13、Murakami T, Usui J, Takamura K, et al; Application of immersed-type membrane separation activated sludge process to municipal wastewater treatment [M];Wat. Sci. Tech; 2000年
14、Bouhbila E H, Aim R B , Buisson H; Fouling characterisation in membrane bioreactors [M];Separation and Purification Technology; 2001年
15、Defrance, Jaffrin; Comparison between filtrations at fixed transmembrane pressure and fixed permeate flux: application to a membrane bioreactor used for wastewater treatment [M];J. Memb.Sci; 1999年
16、Petruccioli M,,Duarte J C,Eujsebio A,et al; Aerobic treatmentof winery wastewater using a jet-loop activated sludge reactor[J] [M];Process Biochemistry; 2002年
17、Wisniewski C; Kinetics of organic carbon removal by a mixed cul-ture in a membrane bioreactor[J] [M];Biochemical Engineering Journ-al; 1999年