RFID事件模型及复杂事件查询处理
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摘要
RFID(无线射频识别)技术具有广泛的应用前景。如何从大量的、语义隐含的RFID原始数据中,实时监测出具有高级语义的复杂事件,为企业决策和管理提供数据支持,是当前研究的热点。仅依靠现有的主动数据库技术和数据流管理技术难以实现高效的RFID事件检测和处理,现有的RFID事件处理技术又存在很多不足,因此对RFID事件处理技术进行研究,具有很重要的理论与实际意义。
为了弥补现有RFID事件处理技术在复杂事件描述能力、并发查询处理能力、复杂事件监测效率方面存在的不足,设计一个RFID复杂事件查询处理系统RTx-RFID。该系统采用三层处理结构和三层事件模型,三层事件模型是三层处理结构的理论基础。按照事件语义的复杂程度,三层事件模型将事件分为原子事件、基本事件、复杂事件。用基本事件层将原子事件和复杂事件隔开,使复杂事件监测从底层复杂的原始数据流中脱离,只需关注基本事件的发生,使复杂事件的监测效率得到提高。该系统提出语义完备性较强的十种事件操作,利用事件操作对事件进行运算来增强复杂事件的描述能力。在事件操作的基础上,提出一个事件查询语言。该系统事件处理模型采用基于颜色Petri网的RTx_CPN模型,采用库所代表某类事件,用令牌代表事件实例,用变迁来检测复杂事件是否触发;采用RTx_CPN模型库并提出从复杂事件到RTx_CPN的转化算法。重用库所减少建模时间及系统资源,并有效地支持并发查询及查询共享,进一步增强复杂事件的监测效率。
复杂事件查询处理系统RTx-RFID的设计目标是为基于RFID应用的用户提供一个RFID复杂事件查询处理的通用性解决方案,它具有很好的市场应用前景。
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technologies have a broad application prospect. As RFID data streams are noisy, real-time, huge in data amount and implicit in semantics, how to monitor and deal with complex event from a large number of original RFID data is currently a hot research field. The existing active database technologies and data stream management technologies are difficult to efficiently detect and handle RFID event, and existing RFID event processing technologies have some deficiencies, so the study for RFID event processing technologies has important theoretical and practical significance.
In order to improve the efficiency of the existing RFID complex event processing technologies in describing complex event, processing concurrent queries and monitoring complex event, a common complex event query processing system named RTx-RFID is under development. First, the system uses a three-layer processing structure and a three-level event model and the latter is the theoretical basis of the former. Based on the semantic ambiguity of events, RFID events are divided into atomic event, basic event and complex event in the three-level event model. The basic event processing layer in three-layer processing structure separates atomic event from complex event processing, thus complex event monitoring only concerns about the basic event and so as to improve the efficiency of complex event monitoring. Second, the system defines ten event operators with comprehensive event semantics and strong ability for complex event description. By these event operators users can easily express complex event operations. Third, on the basis of event operators, a event query language is proposed. In addition, in order to improve the ability and efficiency of complex event monitoring, an event-processing model RTx_CPN is developed as an expansion of color Petri net. In RTx_CPN, an event type is represented by a place, an event instance is represented by a colored token, and transitions are used to detect token changes, which decide whether a complex event is triggered. An algorithm is designed for transforming complex events into nets and an RTx_CPN model library is also provided. RTx_CPN uses reused places to represent the common events in concurrent complex events and can save system resources, effectively support concurrent queries and query sharing, and further improve the efficiency of complex event monitoring.
The purpose of RTx-RFID system is to provide users with a general solution of RFID query processing of complex event, so it has a good market application prospect undoubtedly.
为了弥补现有RFID事件处理技术在复杂事件描述能力、并发查询处理能力、复杂事件监测效率方面存在的不足,设计一个RFID复杂事件查询处理系统RTx-RFID。该系统采用三层处理结构和三层事件模型,三层事件模型是三层处理结构的理论基础。按照事件语义的复杂程度,三层事件模型将事件分为原子事件、基本事件、复杂事件。用基本事件层将原子事件和复杂事件隔开,使复杂事件监测从底层复杂的原始数据流中脱离,只需关注基本事件的发生,使复杂事件的监测效率得到提高。该系统提出语义完备性较强的十种事件操作,利用事件操作对事件进行运算来增强复杂事件的描述能力。在事件操作的基础上,提出一个事件查询语言。该系统事件处理模型采用基于颜色Petri网的RTx_CPN模型,采用库所代表某类事件,用令牌代表事件实例,用变迁来检测复杂事件是否触发;采用RTx_CPN模型库并提出从复杂事件到RTx_CPN的转化算法。重用库所减少建模时间及系统资源,并有效地支持并发查询及查询共享,进一步增强复杂事件的监测效率。
复杂事件查询处理系统RTx-RFID的设计目标是为基于RFID应用的用户提供一个RFID复杂事件查询处理的通用性解决方案,它具有很好的市场应用前景。
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technologies have a broad application prospect. As RFID data streams are noisy, real-time, huge in data amount and implicit in semantics, how to monitor and deal with complex event from a large number of original RFID data is currently a hot research field. The existing active database technologies and data stream management technologies are difficult to efficiently detect and handle RFID event, and existing RFID event processing technologies have some deficiencies, so the study for RFID event processing technologies has important theoretical and practical significance.
In order to improve the efficiency of the existing RFID complex event processing technologies in describing complex event, processing concurrent queries and monitoring complex event, a common complex event query processing system named RTx-RFID is under development. First, the system uses a three-layer processing structure and a three-level event model and the latter is the theoretical basis of the former. Based on the semantic ambiguity of events, RFID events are divided into atomic event, basic event and complex event in the three-level event model. The basic event processing layer in three-layer processing structure separates atomic event from complex event processing, thus complex event monitoring only concerns about the basic event and so as to improve the efficiency of complex event monitoring. Second, the system defines ten event operators with comprehensive event semantics and strong ability for complex event description. By these event operators users can easily express complex event operations. Third, on the basis of event operators, a event query language is proposed. In addition, in order to improve the ability and efficiency of complex event monitoring, an event-processing model RTx_CPN is developed as an expansion of color Petri net. In RTx_CPN, an event type is represented by a place, an event instance is represented by a colored token, and transitions are used to detect token changes, which decide whether a complex event is triggered. An algorithm is designed for transforming complex events into nets and an RTx_CPN model library is also provided. RTx_CPN uses reused places to represent the common events in concurrent complex events and can save system resources, effectively support concurrent queries and query sharing, and further improve the efficiency of complex event monitoring.
The purpose of RTx-RFID system is to provide users with a general solution of RFID query processing of complex event, so it has a good market application prospect undoubtedly.
引文
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[42] Jaekwan Park,Bonghee Hong,Chaehoon Ban.A Continuous Query Index for Processing Queries on RFID Data Stream.in:IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications.Daegu, Korea:IEEE,2007.138~145
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[2] Yijian Bai,Fusheng Wang,Peiya Liu.RFID Data Processing with a Data Stream Query Language.in:Data Engineering,ICDE 2007,IEEE 23rd International Conference.Istanbul,Turkey:ICDE,2007.1184 ~1193
[3] Derakhshan R,Orlowska M.E,Xue Li.RFID Data Management:Challenges and Opportunities.in:RFID,IEEE International Conference,2007:175~182
[4] Wenhui Hu , Wei Ye , Yu Huang . Complex Event Processing in RFID Middleware:A Three Layer Perspective.in:Engels D.W. Convergence and Hybrid Information Technology,Third International Conference,CCIT.Texas, USA:IEEE,2008.1121~1125
[5] Hui Tan.Application research of RFID in supply chain logistics management.in:Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, IEEE/SOLI 2008 , IEEE International Conferenc.Beijing,China:IEEE,2008.2456 ~2459
[6] Zongwei Luo,Wong E.C,Tan C.Towards an SOA Technology Adoption Analysis Framework.in:Service Systems and Service Management,2007 International Conference.Tongji University,Shanghai:IEEE,2007.1~6
[7] JianGang Ma,JinLing Wang.A Semantic Publish/subscribe System for Selective Dissemination of the RSS Documents.Grid and Cooperative Computing,Fifth International Conference.Changsha,China:GCC,2006.432~439
[8] Almeida E.Luntz.Event-Condition-Action Systems for Reconfigurable Logic Control . in : Automation Science and Engineering , the third annual IEEE Conference.Arizona, USA:CASE,2007.167 ~181
[9] Amato G,Baronti P,Chessa S.he Stream System:a Data Collection and Communication Abstraction for Sensor Networks.in:Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC '06,IEEE International Conference.Taipei,Taiwan:IEEE,2006.1449 ~1454
[10] Dong Liang,Dong Wang,Huanye Sheng.Design of RFID Middleware Based on Complex Event Processing.in:Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems,the IEEE International Conference.Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai,China:IEEE,2006.1218~1233
[11] Wang F,Liu P.Temporal Management of RFID Data.in:Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Very Large Data Dases.Trondheim,Norway:VLDB,2005.1128~1139
[12] Franklin M.J,Jeffery S.R.Design considerations for high fan-in systems:the HiFi approach.in:Asilomar,California,USA:CIDR,2005.290~304
[13] Evan Welbourne,Nodira Khoussainova,Julie Letchner.Cascadia:A System for Specifying,Detecting,and Managing RFID Events.in:the Sixth International Conference on Mobile Systems.Breckenridge,CO,USA:ACM,2008.
[14] Khoussainova N.PEEX:Extracting Probabilistic Events from RFID Data.in:Technical Report UW-CSE-07-11-02,University of Washington,CSE,Nov.2007
[15] Daniel Gyll,StromEugene Wu,Hee Jin Chae.SASE:Complex Event Processing over Streams.in:the 3rd Biennial Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research (CIDR).Asilomar,California,USA:CIDR,2007.
[16] Alan Demers,Johannes Gehrke, Biswanath Panda.Cayuga:A general purpose event monitoring system.in:Proceedings of the Third Biennial Conference on Innovative Data Systems Research.Asolimar,California,USA:CIDR,2007.412~422
[17] Demers Ala,Gehrke Johannes,Mingsheng Hong.Towards expressive publish/ subscribe system.in:Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Extending Database Technology.Munich,Germany:EDBT,2006.627~644
[18]熊伟,廖巍,陈宏盛等.基于组合着色Petri网的空间复合事件检测机制.电子技术应用,2005,9:7~9
[19] Stella Gatziu,Klaus R,Dittrich.Detecting Composite Events in Active Database Systems Using Petri Nets.Issues in Data Engineering:Active Database Systems, Houston,Texas,February 1994
[20] Weixin Wang,Jongwoo Sung,Daeyoung Kim.Complex Event Processing in EPC Sensor Network Middleware for Both RFID and WSN.in:Object Oriented Real-TimeDistributed Computing (ISORC),11th IEEE International Symposium.Orlando, Florida, USA:IEEE,2008.165 ~169
[21] Arasu A,Babu S,Widom J.The CQL continuous query language:Semantic foundations and query execution.VLDB Journal,2006,15(2):121~142
[22] Babu S,Widom J.Continuous queries over data streams.SIGMOD Record,2002,30(3):109~120
[23] Gu Yu,Yu Ge,Tiancheng Zhang.RFID complex event processing techniques.Journal of Computer Science and Frontiers,2007,1(3):255~267
[24] Xingyi Jin,Xiaodong Lee,Ning Kong.Efficient Complex Event Processing over RFID Data Stream.in:Computer and Information Science,ICIS 08,Seventh IEEE/ACIS International Conference,Portland, Oregon, USA:IEEE,2008.75~81
[25]杨清,徐建良,高德欣.基于复杂事件处理技术的RFI D系统数据分析.微计算机信息,2006,22(9~2):179~181
[26] Yijian Bai,Fusheng Wang,Peiya Liu.Efficiently Filtering RFID Data Streams.in:First Int'l VLDB Workshop on Clean Databases.Seoul,Korea:CleanDB,2006.50~57
[27] Shawn R.Jeffery,Minos Garofalakis,Michael J.Franklin.Adaptive Cleaning for RFID Data Streams.In:VLDB’06.Korea,Seoul.2006.163~174
[28]杨新艳.复杂事件处理在分布式工作流监控中的应用研究:[硕士学位论文]。武汉:华中科技大学图书馆,2007
[29]丁剑,白晓民,赵伟等.基于复杂事件处理技术的电网故障信息分析及诊断方法.中国电机工程学报,2007,27( 28):40~45
[30] Ming Li,Mo Liu,Luping Ding,Rundensteiner.Event Stream Processing with Out-of-Order Data Arrival.in:Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, ICDCSW '07.Asilomar, CA:ICDCS,2007.67~67
[31] Galton A,Augusto J.C.Two approaches to event definition.in:18th International Conference on Database and Expert Systems Applications.Regensburg, Germany:DEXA,2002.547~556
[32] Adaikkalavan R,Chakravarthy S.SnoopIB: Interval-based event specification and detection for active databases.in:Seventh East-European Conference on Advances in Databases and Information Systems.Dresden,Germany:ADBIS,2003.335~345
[33]刘云生.现代数据库技术.北京:国防工业出版社,2001.197~237
[34] Girod L,Yuan Mei,Newton R.XStream:a Signal-Oriented Data Stream Management System.in:Data Engineering,the 24th IEEE International Conference.Cancun,Mexico:ICDE,2008.1180 ~1189
[35]陈维斌,陈启泉,林晓.一个面向对象的扩展Select语句的设计与实现.华侨大学学报(自然科学版),2002,23(3):317~321
[36] Christopher Ré,Julie Letchner,Magdalena Balazinska et al.Event Queries on Correlated Probabilistic Streams.SIGMOD’08, June 9–12,2008,Vancouver,BC,Canada
[37] Daniel J.Abadi,Don Carney,Ugur C.etintemel.Aurora:a new model and architecture for data stream management.VLDB Journal,2003
[38] Phillip B.Gibbons,Srikanta Tirthapura.Distributed Streams Algorithms for Sliding Windows.in:Proceedings of the Fourteenth Annual ACM Symposium on Parallel Algorithms and Architectures.Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada:ACM,2002
[39] Walker White,Mirek Riedewald,Johannes Gehrke,Alan Demers.What is“Next”in Event Processing?in:Cornell university.Ithaca,USA:ACM,2007
[40] Joung Hwang Hee,Jin Tak,Choi.Design of an Aspect-Based Framework to Improve the Dynamic Management of RFID middleware.in:Computer and Information Technology,7th IEEE International Conference.Fukushima Japan:IEEE,2007.955 ~960
[41] Jing Xu,Wenqing Cheng,Wei Liu.XML Based RFID Event Management Framework.2006 IEEE Region 10 Conference 14-17 Nov.2006 Page(s):1~4
[42] Jaekwan Park,Bonghee Hong,Chaehoon Ban.A Continuous Query Index for Processing Queries on RFID Data Stream.in:IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications.Daegu, Korea:IEEE,2007.138~145
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