微波—真空木材干燥过程的Fuzzy-PID自整定控制器应用研究
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摘要
木材干燥是提高木材利用率、节约木材的一项重要措施。微波-真空干燥是一种具有极快干燥速度、不污染环境等优点的低温干燥新技术,该技术结合了微波加热和真空干燥两项技术的优点,不仅能克服单独微波干燥过程中因温度过高而易出现内裂和内部烧焦的缺陷,又能轻易解决单独真空干燥过程中因空气介质稀少而使热量传递困难的问题,还能降低干燥成本,大幅度减少干燥时间,所以将微波-真空干燥技术应用于木材干燥是一项具有巨大发展前景和应用价值的技术。
微波-真空木材干燥过程呈现非线性及不确定性等特点,为其设计高效合理的自控控制系统也变得尤为重要。针对花旗松的微波-真空干燥工艺,建立了时间序列下木材干燥的ARMA数学模型。在木材干燥控制过程进行理论分析的基础上,结合模糊控制的智能性与常规PID控制的可靠性,设计了一种Fuzzy-PID自整定控制器,采用模糊推理的方法实现PID参数的在线整定。应用MATLAB/Simulink工具对干燥窑常规PID控制和Fuzzy-PID自整定控制进行仿真,通过分析与比较得到：Fuzzy-PID自整定控制器的阶跃响应曲线具有上升快,稳态性能好,过渡过程时间短,超调量小的优点,控制特性满足系统的要求。这对提高木材干燥过程的控制水平,有效地保证木材干燥质量、降低能源消耗和减少成本,具有重要的理论研究和实际指导意义。
结合Fuzzy-PID自整定控制算法运算量大,需要保证实时性的特点,对系统的硬件实现进行了探索分析,选取了TI公司控制系列的TMS320LF2407A作为处理器。为了降低开发人员编写DSP代码的难度和工作量,提高整个DSP系统的性能和可行性,给出了MATLAB/Simulink平台上DSP代码开发的设计流程。
基于Fuzzy-PID自整定微波-真空木材干燥控制系统策略的设计,提高了控制系统的精度和稳定性,在利用先进控制算法解决生产实际问题上做了有益的尝试。同时,使系统结构设计更加合理、实用性强,很好的满足了微波-真空木材干燥自动化控制的要求。
Wood drying is an important measure to economize on wood and increase its utilization. Microwave-Vacuum drying(MVD) is low-temperature drying technologies with fast drying rate and environmental advantages, which combines with two technical advantages of microwave heating and vacuum drying. It not only can overcome that individual microwave drying process is vulnerable within the crack and internal burnt defects because of high temperature, but also resolves the heat transfer problems easily making by air media scarcity in separate vacuum drying process, meamwhile, the drying costs is reduced and the drying time is decreased substantially. Consequently, it's a great development and application of technology that the microwave-vacuum drying technology applied to wood drying.
Microwave-vacuum drying of wood process has some characteristics such as nonlinear, hysteresis quality, uncertainties and so on, so as to design effective automation control system becomes particularly important. A fuzzy self-tuning PID controller is designed on the basis of theoretical analysis of wood drying control procedures, combining with fuzzy control's intelligence and conventional PID control reliability, fuzzy inference method is used to implement a PID online setting. Based on MATLAB/Simulink tools for simulation, by simulation, analysis and comparison of conventional PID and fuzzy self-tuning PID control of drying kiln, it's showed that the step response curve controlled by fuzzy self-tuning PID has risen fast, steady performance, short transition process time, small overshoot and other advantages like this, control features meet the system requirements. This will increase the wood drying process control level, guarantee the wood drying quality effectively, decrease energy consumption and reduce costs, which have important meaningful for theoretical research and practical application.
With the characteristic of large algorithm operational capacity for fuzzy self-tunig PID, at the same time the need to ensure that real-time features, hardware implementation approach is explored, TMS320LF2407A DSPs from TI company control series is selected as the processor. In order to reduce difficulty and workload to write DSP code for the developers, improve overall DSP system performance and feasibility, the MATLAB/Simulink platform DSP code development and design process is given.
This article propose the microwave-vacuum drying of wood control system based on fuzzy self-tuing PID, increased the control accuracy and stability, It is an beneficial attempt taking advantage of advanced process control algorithms to solve the actual problem. Meanwhile, system architecture design is reasonable, practical and satisfied for the automation control requirements microwave-vacuum drying of wood.
微波-真空木材干燥过程呈现非线性及不确定性等特点,为其设计高效合理的自控控制系统也变得尤为重要。针对花旗松的微波-真空干燥工艺,建立了时间序列下木材干燥的ARMA数学模型。在木材干燥控制过程进行理论分析的基础上,结合模糊控制的智能性与常规PID控制的可靠性,设计了一种Fuzzy-PID自整定控制器,采用模糊推理的方法实现PID参数的在线整定。应用MATLAB/Simulink工具对干燥窑常规PID控制和Fuzzy-PID自整定控制进行仿真,通过分析与比较得到：Fuzzy-PID自整定控制器的阶跃响应曲线具有上升快,稳态性能好,过渡过程时间短,超调量小的优点,控制特性满足系统的要求。这对提高木材干燥过程的控制水平,有效地保证木材干燥质量、降低能源消耗和减少成本,具有重要的理论研究和实际指导意义。
结合Fuzzy-PID自整定控制算法运算量大,需要保证实时性的特点,对系统的硬件实现进行了探索分析,选取了TI公司控制系列的TMS320LF2407A作为处理器。为了降低开发人员编写DSP代码的难度和工作量,提高整个DSP系统的性能和可行性,给出了MATLAB/Simulink平台上DSP代码开发的设计流程。
基于Fuzzy-PID自整定微波-真空木材干燥控制系统策略的设计,提高了控制系统的精度和稳定性,在利用先进控制算法解决生产实际问题上做了有益的尝试。同时,使系统结构设计更加合理、实用性强,很好的满足了微波-真空木材干燥自动化控制的要求。
Wood drying is an important measure to economize on wood and increase its utilization. Microwave-Vacuum drying(MVD) is low-temperature drying technologies with fast drying rate and environmental advantages, which combines with two technical advantages of microwave heating and vacuum drying. It not only can overcome that individual microwave drying process is vulnerable within the crack and internal burnt defects because of high temperature, but also resolves the heat transfer problems easily making by air media scarcity in separate vacuum drying process, meamwhile, the drying costs is reduced and the drying time is decreased substantially. Consequently, it's a great development and application of technology that the microwave-vacuum drying technology applied to wood drying.
Microwave-vacuum drying of wood process has some characteristics such as nonlinear, hysteresis quality, uncertainties and so on, so as to design effective automation control system becomes particularly important. A fuzzy self-tuning PID controller is designed on the basis of theoretical analysis of wood drying control procedures, combining with fuzzy control's intelligence and conventional PID control reliability, fuzzy inference method is used to implement a PID online setting. Based on MATLAB/Simulink tools for simulation, by simulation, analysis and comparison of conventional PID and fuzzy self-tuning PID control of drying kiln, it's showed that the step response curve controlled by fuzzy self-tuning PID has risen fast, steady performance, short transition process time, small overshoot and other advantages like this, control features meet the system requirements. This will increase the wood drying process control level, guarantee the wood drying quality effectively, decrease energy consumption and reduce costs, which have important meaningful for theoretical research and practical application.
With the characteristic of large algorithm operational capacity for fuzzy self-tunig PID, at the same time the need to ensure that real-time features, hardware implementation approach is explored, TMS320LF2407A DSPs from TI company control series is selected as the processor. In order to reduce difficulty and workload to write DSP code for the developers, improve overall DSP system performance and feasibility, the MATLAB/Simulink platform DSP code development and design process is given.
This article propose the microwave-vacuum drying of wood control system based on fuzzy self-tuing PID, increased the control accuracy and stability, It is an beneficial attempt taking advantage of advanced process control algorithms to solve the actual problem. Meanwhile, system architecture design is reasonable, practical and satisfied for the automation control requirements microwave-vacuum drying of wood.
引文
[1]张璧光,谢拥群.国际干燥技术的最新研究动态与发展趋势.木材工业.2008,22(2)：5-7
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[4]P. Larsson Brelid, R. Simonson. Acetylation of solid wood using microwave heating:Part 2.Experiments in laboratory scale.Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff.1999,57(5):383～389
[5]P. Larsson Brelid, R. Simonson. Acetylation of solid wood using microwave heating. Part 2.Experiments in laboratory scale.1998:[d]1-14.
[6]P. Perre.Importance of wood anatomy to drying behaviour. Examples based on convective, microwave and vacuum drying.1994. Rotorua, New zealand, Forest Research Institute:55-55
[7]Takuoku Hisada. Present State of the Wood Drying in Japan and Problem to be Solved. 7th International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference 2001. Japan:14～19
[8]P. Larsson Brelid. The influence of post-treatments on acetyl content for removal of chemicals after acetylation. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff.2002,60(2):92-95
[9]李贤军.木材微波—真空干燥特性的研究.北京林业大学博士论文.2005：52-55
[10]徐振方,张国琛,潘澜澜.微波真空干燥试验设备的自动化监测系统的开发.大连轻工业学院学报.2004,23(4)：295-298
[11]徐成海,张世伟,赵雨霞,王喜鹏.真空干燥设备的国内外发展动态.干燥技术与设备.2006,4(4)：175-179
[12]过军,朱善国.微波真空干燥设备控制系统的数字化设计.自动化仪表.2008,29(3)：47-49
[13]李晓玲,小林功,黑田尚宏,高瑞清.日本柳杉高频真空干燥及防止开裂的研究(英文).林业科学.2005,41(2)：106-112
[14]林季孜.木材真空微波加熟乾燥技衍研究.國立台北科技大學硕士论文.2004：1-4
[15]M. Leiker, M. A. Adamska. Energy efficiency and drying rates during vacuum microwave drying of wood. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff.2004,62(3):203～208
[16]R. Seyfarth, M. Leiker, N. Mollekopf. Continuous Drying of Lumber in a Microwave Vacuum Kiln.8th International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference,2003.159～153
[17]S.Laurent, F. Couture, M. Roques. Vacuum drying of a multicomponent pharmaceutical product having different pseudo-polymorphic forms. Chemical Engineering and Processing.1999,38:157～165
[18]艾沐野,崔兆玉.木材干燥实用技术.哈尔滨：东北林业大学出版社,2003：258-266
[19]张璧光,刘登瀛.探索我国木材干燥技术的新型发展道路.林产工业.2006,33(4)：3-6
[20]Bogdan Stepien. Effect of vacuum-microwave drying on selected mechanical and rheological properties of carrot. Biosystems Engineering.2008,99:234～238
[21]李贤军,张璧光,李文军,李延军.微波真空干燥过程中木材内部的温度分布.北京林业大学学报.2006,28(6)：129-132
[22]李贤军,张璧光,李文军.木材微波真空干燥过程的数学模拟.北京林业大学学报.2008,30(2)：124-128
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[24]ZhengWei Cui, LiJuan Sun, Wei Chen, DaWen Sun. Preparation of dry honey by microwave-vacuum drying.Journal of Food Engineering.2008,84:582～590
[25]Matthias Leiker, Malgorzata Anna Adamska, Robert Giittel, Norbert Mollekopf.Vacuum microwave drying of beech:Property profiles and energy efficiency. NAGREF,2004. Athens:1～10
[26]ZhengWei Cui, ShiYing Xu, DaWen Sun. Microwave-vacuum drying kinetics of carrot slices. Journal of Food Engineering.2004,65:157～164
[27]Schuttgut. Microwave Vacuum Drying for advanced Process Technology.the microwave processing of foods.2002(4):1～3
[28]C.Pere, E. Rodier. Microwave vacuum drying of porous media:experimental study and qualitative considerations of internal transfers. Chemical Engineering and Processing. 2002,41:427～436
[29]Suk Shin Kim, Sad R. Bhowmik. Effective Moisture Diffusivity of Plain Yogurt Undergoing Microwave Vacuum Drying. Journal of Food Engineering.1995, 24:137～148
[30]山本泰司.木材工業に ぉ け る最近の高周波加熱応用.木材工業.2002,57(9)：380-385
[31]山本泰司.高周波·蒸複合乾燥機の開凳.木材工業.2001,55(11)：1-3
[32]刘志军,张璧光,贺宏奎.微波干燥过程中木材内蒸汽压力与温度的变化特性.北京林业大学学报.2006,26(6)：124-127
[33]王喜明.木材干燥实用技术问答.北京：化学工业出版社,2008：269-274
[34]张璧光.实用木材干燥技术.北京：化学工业,2005：229-247
[35]庄寿增,赵寿岳,盛凡.高效节能木材真空干燥技术研究.林产工业.1996,23(3)：13-17
[36]徐成海.真空干燥设备.真空与低温.1995,1(1)：21-30
[37]查国才,查文龙.常用真空干燥设备的特点、应用与选择.机电信息.2007,11(149)：33-18
[38]GIVON CHUEN KEE YAN.Experimental modeling and intelligent control of a wood-drying kiln. THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Master Thesis.2000:82～86
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[2]张璧光.我国木材干燥技术现状与国内外发展趋势.北京林业大学学报.2002,24(5)：262-266
[3]张璧光.从国际干燥动态看我国木材干燥技术发展趋势.林产工业.2000,27(3)：7-10
[4]P. Larsson Brelid, R. Simonson. Acetylation of solid wood using microwave heating:Part 2.Experiments in laboratory scale.Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff.1999,57(5):383～389
[5]P. Larsson Brelid, R. Simonson. Acetylation of solid wood using microwave heating. Part 2.Experiments in laboratory scale.1998:[d]1-14.
[6]P. Perre.Importance of wood anatomy to drying behaviour. Examples based on convective, microwave and vacuum drying.1994. Rotorua, New zealand, Forest Research Institute:55-55
[7]Takuoku Hisada. Present State of the Wood Drying in Japan and Problem to be Solved. 7th International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference 2001. Japan:14～19
[8]P. Larsson Brelid. The influence of post-treatments on acetyl content for removal of chemicals after acetylation. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff.2002,60(2):92-95
[9]李贤军.木材微波—真空干燥特性的研究.北京林业大学博士论文.2005：52-55
[10]徐振方,张国琛,潘澜澜.微波真空干燥试验设备的自动化监测系统的开发.大连轻工业学院学报.2004,23(4)：295-298
[11]徐成海,张世伟,赵雨霞,王喜鹏.真空干燥设备的国内外发展动态.干燥技术与设备.2006,4(4)：175-179
[12]过军,朱善国.微波真空干燥设备控制系统的数字化设计.自动化仪表.2008,29(3)：47-49
[13]李晓玲,小林功,黑田尚宏,高瑞清.日本柳杉高频真空干燥及防止开裂的研究(英文).林业科学.2005,41(2)：106-112
[14]林季孜.木材真空微波加熟乾燥技衍研究.國立台北科技大學硕士论文.2004：1-4
[15]M. Leiker, M. A. Adamska. Energy efficiency and drying rates during vacuum microwave drying of wood. Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff.2004,62(3):203～208
[16]R. Seyfarth, M. Leiker, N. Mollekopf. Continuous Drying of Lumber in a Microwave Vacuum Kiln.8th International IUFRO Wood Drying Conference,2003.159～153
[17]S.Laurent, F. Couture, M. Roques. Vacuum drying of a multicomponent pharmaceutical product having different pseudo-polymorphic forms. Chemical Engineering and Processing.1999,38:157～165
[18]艾沐野,崔兆玉.木材干燥实用技术.哈尔滨：东北林业大学出版社,2003：258-266
[19]张璧光,刘登瀛.探索我国木材干燥技术的新型发展道路.林产工业.2006,33(4)：3-6
[20]Bogdan Stepien. Effect of vacuum-microwave drying on selected mechanical and rheological properties of carrot. Biosystems Engineering.2008,99:234～238
[21]李贤军,张璧光,李文军,李延军.微波真空干燥过程中木材内部的温度分布.北京林业大学学报.2006,28(6)：129-132
[22]李贤军,张璧光,李文军.木材微波真空干燥过程的数学模拟.北京林业大学学报.2008,30(2)：124-128
[23]李贤军,张璧光.木材微波-真空干燥基本规律.木材工业.2008,22(3)：23-26
[24]ZhengWei Cui, LiJuan Sun, Wei Chen, DaWen Sun. Preparation of dry honey by microwave-vacuum drying.Journal of Food Engineering.2008,84:582～590
[25]Matthias Leiker, Malgorzata Anna Adamska, Robert Giittel, Norbert Mollekopf.Vacuum microwave drying of beech:Property profiles and energy efficiency. NAGREF,2004. Athens:1～10
[26]ZhengWei Cui, ShiYing Xu, DaWen Sun. Microwave-vacuum drying kinetics of carrot slices. Journal of Food Engineering.2004,65:157～164
[27]Schuttgut. Microwave Vacuum Drying for advanced Process Technology.the microwave processing of foods.2002(4):1～3
[28]C.Pere, E. Rodier. Microwave vacuum drying of porous media:experimental study and qualitative considerations of internal transfers. Chemical Engineering and Processing. 2002,41:427～436
[29]Suk Shin Kim, Sad R. Bhowmik. Effective Moisture Diffusivity of Plain Yogurt Undergoing Microwave Vacuum Drying. Journal of Food Engineering.1995, 24:137～148
[30]山本泰司.木材工業に ぉ け る最近の高周波加熱応用.木材工業.2002,57(9)：380-385
[31]山本泰司.高周波·蒸複合乾燥機の開凳.木材工業.2001,55(11)：1-3
[32]刘志军,张璧光,贺宏奎.微波干燥过程中木材内蒸汽压力与温度的变化特性.北京林业大学学报.2006,26(6)：124-127
[33]王喜明.木材干燥实用技术问答.北京：化学工业出版社,2008：269-274
[34]张璧光.实用木材干燥技术.北京：化学工业,2005：229-247
[35]庄寿增,赵寿岳,盛凡.高效节能木材真空干燥技术研究.林产工业.1996,23(3)：13-17
[36]徐成海.真空干燥设备.真空与低温.1995,1(1)：21-30
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