卫星信道模拟器中频接口电路的设计与实现
|
摘要
低轨卫星移动通信系统由于其较低的传输时延和较低的终端要求已经成为当前通信领域中发展非常迅速的研究方向和现代化通信强有力的手段。很多国家在建立了低轨卫星系统的同时,进行了卫星信道模拟器的研究。
本文首先详细研究Lutz信道模型,对其进行了仿真和性能分析,提取信道特性的指标,为硬件实现提供理论支撑和指标要求。
其次,卫星通信系统中关键技术参数进行分析,研究了卫星通信中自由空间传播特性,在此基础上对卫星信道模拟器系统的总体结构和中频接口电路的硬件实现进行设计。在信道模拟器总体结构和系统性能指标的基础上,进而确定信道模拟器中频接口电路系统的设计方案。对中频接口电路系统的硬件的设计主要包括数模、模数转换及其调理电路和信道切换开关的设计。结合中频信号数字化理论,对数模、模数转换及其调理电路、以及信道波束切换设计方和实现进行了详细阐述。此外,在分析卫星信道模拟器中频接口电路系统基础上,提出了验证系统性能的设计方案。
此外,本文还针对系统的实际应用要求,对系统专用通信协议的进行设计。在此基础上,结合通信协议,详细介绍了信道切换开关的状态转换的方案设计,并在最后给出状态机在Quartus II的仿真结果。
最后,结合测试系统,对中频接口电路系统及信道模拟器总体系统的性能进行了验证,证明信道模拟器的中频接口电路设计合理、实时性、精度高、满足卫星通信中对信道特性的模拟,所完成的设计达到了课题要求,而且对进一步提高原有卫星信道模拟器系统有很大的理论和实践意义。
LEO satellite mobile communication system has become one of the most galloping communication research fields and a useful means of modern communication.Many countries get to research satellite communication channel emulator while building up low-orbiting satellite communication system.Our country is also researching and developing satellite communication channel emulator
Based on the study of the channel model of Lutz, then carefully analyzed the data form simulates the model by using Matlab; we can got some useful parameters used in the design of hardware board. This give sufficient theory of the hardware implementation.
In addition, the dissertation is also design the general scheme and the hardware implementation. The key technologies for the satellite channel are analyzed in the first part of the dissertation the paper. Base on depth research on the basic principles of propagating characteristics and the require of the system,we can designed the general scheme of the satellite mobile communication system fully.The main part of the design of the MF multi-interface hardware borad include A/D、D/A conversion and its carrying on signal to adjust reason electric circuit. The topic chosen as the core FPGA design a channel switch circuit at last part.Base on the direct IF sampling theory,we can select the appropriate chips using in the A/D、D/A conversionits、carrying on signal to adjust reason electric circuit and the channel switch circuit.Then followed by the detailed design of the MF multi-interface hardware borad.Also, through analysis over the MF multi-interface hardware borad of LEO satellite communication channel simulator, put forward the system testing scheme of this borad.
In addition, the dissertation is also dedicated to the communication protocol design on the basis of the practical application.Details of function of the channel switch and the design of general finite state machines correctly on the protocol basis, and use the software QuartusII to prove its function correcttly.
Finally, with the actual LEO satellite communication channel simulator testing, the system's overall performance, communications reliability and the situation of implement statistical models with hardware proved that the system design is reasonable.Further more,the research on the system has great theoretical and practical significance for improving the existingLEO satellite communication channel simulators.
本文首先详细研究Lutz信道模型,对其进行了仿真和性能分析,提取信道特性的指标,为硬件实现提供理论支撑和指标要求。
其次,卫星通信系统中关键技术参数进行分析,研究了卫星通信中自由空间传播特性,在此基础上对卫星信道模拟器系统的总体结构和中频接口电路的硬件实现进行设计。在信道模拟器总体结构和系统性能指标的基础上,进而确定信道模拟器中频接口电路系统的设计方案。对中频接口电路系统的硬件的设计主要包括数模、模数转换及其调理电路和信道切换开关的设计。结合中频信号数字化理论,对数模、模数转换及其调理电路、以及信道波束切换设计方和实现进行了详细阐述。此外,在分析卫星信道模拟器中频接口电路系统基础上,提出了验证系统性能的设计方案。
此外,本文还针对系统的实际应用要求,对系统专用通信协议的进行设计。在此基础上,结合通信协议,详细介绍了信道切换开关的状态转换的方案设计,并在最后给出状态机在Quartus II的仿真结果。
最后,结合测试系统,对中频接口电路系统及信道模拟器总体系统的性能进行了验证,证明信道模拟器的中频接口电路设计合理、实时性、精度高、满足卫星通信中对信道特性的模拟,所完成的设计达到了课题要求,而且对进一步提高原有卫星信道模拟器系统有很大的理论和实践意义。
LEO satellite mobile communication system has become one of the most galloping communication research fields and a useful means of modern communication.Many countries get to research satellite communication channel emulator while building up low-orbiting satellite communication system.Our country is also researching and developing satellite communication channel emulator
Based on the study of the channel model of Lutz, then carefully analyzed the data form simulates the model by using Matlab; we can got some useful parameters used in the design of hardware board. This give sufficient theory of the hardware implementation.
In addition, the dissertation is also design the general scheme and the hardware implementation. The key technologies for the satellite channel are analyzed in the first part of the dissertation the paper. Base on depth research on the basic principles of propagating characteristics and the require of the system,we can designed the general scheme of the satellite mobile communication system fully.The main part of the design of the MF multi-interface hardware borad include A/D、D/A conversion and its carrying on signal to adjust reason electric circuit. The topic chosen as the core FPGA design a channel switch circuit at last part.Base on the direct IF sampling theory,we can select the appropriate chips using in the A/D、D/A conversionits、carrying on signal to adjust reason electric circuit and the channel switch circuit.Then followed by the detailed design of the MF multi-interface hardware borad.Also, through analysis over the MF multi-interface hardware borad of LEO satellite communication channel simulator, put forward the system testing scheme of this borad.
In addition, the dissertation is also dedicated to the communication protocol design on the basis of the practical application.Details of function of the channel switch and the design of general finite state machines correctly on the protocol basis, and use the software QuartusII to prove its function correcttly.
Finally, with the actual LEO satellite communication channel simulator testing, the system's overall performance, communications reliability and the situation of implement statistical models with hardware proved that the system design is reasonable.Further more,the research on the system has great theoretical and practical significance for improving the existingLEO satellite communication channel simulators.
引文
1.蒋瑞.低轨卫星通信系统的路由策略及抗毁性的安全性研究.硕士论文, 2006, 4:1~2
2.张更新,张杭.卫星移动通信系统.电子工业出版社. 2001,221~230
3.军事十一五预研项目半实物仿真器内部报告.2006,16~19
4. GARRY C. Hess. Land-Mobile Satellite Excess Path Loss Measurements. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY. 1980, 29(2):290~297
5. Csurgai-Horvath, L.Bito. Attenuation Time Series Synthesis for Land Mobile Satellite Links. Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit, 2007. 16th IST1-5 July:2~4
6.余运超,郝文辉,孙宏林,韩光伟. UHF、L频段陆地卫星移动通信业务遮蔽环境衰落研究.电波科学学报. 2000, 15(4):446~449
7.谭晖,张乃通,张中兆.低轨卫星移动通信系统传播特性的测试与分析.通信学报. 2003, 24(7):86~92
8.肖琨,吴诗其.一种适用于非城市区域的卫星移动信道统计模型.电子学报. 2002, 7:999~1002
9.李兴,吴诗其.卫星移动通信信道LR2模型及系统性能分析.电波科学学报. 2003, 18(3):305~310
10.胡刚,朱世华,谢波.多径衰落信道的分数布朗运动模型.电子学报. 2003, 31(1):8~12
11.黄和,王东进.刘发林. Ka波段移动卫星信道的综合模型及误码率分析.中国科学技术大学学报. 2005, 35(3):346~353
12.刘以嵩.卫星移动通信的信道模拟技术.通信学报. 1996, 17(6):7~16
13.胡剑浩,李涛,吴诗其.实时低轨卫星移动通信信道模拟器设计.电子科技大学学报. 1998, 8(27): 351~356
14. S.Ernst, H.Harles. Measurement and Modeling of the Land Mobile Satellite Channel at Ku-Band Scalise, Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on VT, 2008, 57(7/10):693~701
15. G. E. Corazza, F. Vatalaro. A Statistical Model for Land Mobile Satellite Channels and Its Application to Nongeostationary Orbit Systems. IEEE Trans.on VT. 1994, 43(3/8):738~742
16.柳忠荣.无线移动信道模型的研究与实现.硕士论文. 2001:58~59
17. W. C. Jacke. Microwave Mobile Communications. New York:Johe Willey&Sons Inc. 1974: 65~68
18. Moraitis, N. Milas, V. Constantinou, P. On the Empirical Model Comparison for the Land Mobile Satellite Channel. Vehicular Technology Conference, 2007. VTC2007-Spring. IEEE 65th 22-25:1405~1407
19. Seidel, S. Y. Rappaport, T. S. Jain, S. Lord, M. Singh. Scatteringand Multipath Delay Statistics in Four European Cities For Digital Cellular and Microcellular Radiotelephone.IEEE Transations on Vehicular Technology. 1991,4(40):721~723
20. William H. Tranter, K. Sam Shanmugan, Theodore S.Rappaport.通信系统仿真及其无线应用.机械工业出版社. 2005:126~127
21. G. Prakios. Contemporary Communication Systems Using MATLAB. Thomson Press.46~48
22.邹鲲,袁俊泉,龚享一. Matlab 6.x信号处理.清华大学出版社. 2002:128~129
23. F. Hansen, F. Meno. Mobile fading–Rayleigh and lognormal superimposed. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology Vol.VT-26.Nov. 1977. 332~335
24. C. Loo. A Statistical Model for a Land Mobile Satellite Link. IEEE Trans on VT. 1985, 34(3/8):122~127
25.朱昀.无线移动信道仿真.电信工程技术与标准化. 2005, 12:40~43
26. Foschini, G. J. Layerd Space-Time Architecture for Wireless Communication in a Fading Environment When Using Multiple Antennas Bell Laboratories Technical Journal, Autumn 1996, 1(2):41~59
27. E. Lutz, D. Cygan, M. Dippold. The Land Mobile Satellite Communication Channel-Recording, Statistical, and Channel Model. IEEE Trans. on. VT. 1991, 40(2/5):375~380
28.柳忠荣.无线移动信道模型的研究与实现.硕士论文. 2001:58~59
29. W. C. Jacke. Microwave Mobile Communications. New York:Johe Willey&Sons Inc. 1974: 65~68
30. Shen Dongya, Rong Jian, Yang Yihuai, Quo Yong, Cao Hongliang, Fu Shigang. The six-state Markov model for land mobile satellite channels.Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications, 2005. MAPE 2005. Aug. 2005, 2(8/12):1619-1620
31. E. Lutz, M. Werner, A. Jahn. Satellite Systems for Personal and Broadband Communications. Springer-Verlag. Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. 61~68
32.黄楚鹏.酆广增.移动卫星通信信道研究.南京邮电学院学报. 1998, 12(18): 64~65
33.郑林华,韩方景,聂皞.卫星通信原理与应用.国防工业出版社. 2000: 10~14
34.曹志刚,钱亚生.现代通信原理.清华大学出版社.2000:146~150
35. Theodore S. Rappaport. Wireless Communications Principles & Practice prentice-Hall, NJ. 1996:112~114
36.赵冬梅,贺丰,陈振国.移动卫星通信信道模型研究.卫星通信, 2004:3~5
37. W. C. Jacke. Microwave Mobile Communications.New York: Johe Willey&Sons Inc. 2002:65~68
38. D. Cygan, M.Dipolold, J. Finkenzeller. Models for the land mobile satellite channel.Archiv Elecübertr. 1998. Vol.42, 329~339
39. Bullington, K.Radio. Propagation at Frequencies above 30 megacycles. Proceedings of the IEEE. 1947, 1(41):1122~1136
40. Alexander Steingass, Andreas Lehner. A High Resolution Model for the Aeronautical Multipath Navigation Channel Position Location and Navigation Symposium. 2004. 26(29):357~365
41. Alan V. Openheim, Alan S. Willsky and S.Hamid Nawab.Signal and System. New York: Johe Willey&Sons Inc. 1996:62~68
42.刘利华,赵宗印.软件无线电中的带通采样分析.无线电工程. 2007, 37 (1): 26~28
43.张乐,张新军,施聪.中频采样的原理及其应用.通信技术. 2001, 120(9): 8~12
44. TC1_1T. Data Book. Mini Circuits Inc. http://www.minicircuits.com.2006
45. C. S. Hartmann, B. P. Abbott. Overview of Design Challengers for Single Phase Unidirectional SAW Filters. Proc.IEEE Ultrasonic Symp, 1989:79~89
46. LB07DS12. Data Book. China Electronics Technology Group Corporation. www.sipatsaw.com.2005
47. C. S. Hartmann, B. P. Abbott. A generalized impulse response model for SAW transducers including effects of electrode reflections. 1998, IEEE Ultrasonic Symposium, 1998:29~34
48.宋正勋,谭宝华.低压差分信号技术.长春光学机械学院学报. 2000, 23(2):33~36
49. AD98330. Data Book. Analog Devices Inc. http://www.analog.com.2003
50.陈绍山.软件无线电接收机中的模数转换技术.电信快报. 2004.6:32~34
51. D. Terlp.可满足高性能数字接收机动态性能要求的ADC和射频器件.国外电子元器件: 2004, 8(8).69~71
52.王辉,辛建国.激光器用高频调制射频激励源的实时监测系统.光学技术. 2006, 32(1):85~86
53. AD9226. Data Book. Analog Devices Inc. http://www.analog.com.2003
54.王剑.低轨卫星移动通信的信道模型研究及硬件实现.硕士论文. 2001: 40~45
55. AD9772A. Data Book. Analog Devices Inc. http://www.analog.com.2003
56.何正淼,安琪,陈曦,阮福明,张艳丽.多数据通道高速互连背板平台的设计和实现.中国科学技术大学学报. 2006, 36(9):986~989
57.徐晓建,陈亮辉,郭建新,王大鸣.数模转换芯片AD9772A的特点及其应用.电子工程师. 2003,29(4):6~7
58. MAX 399. Data Book. Maxim Inc. http://www.maxim.com.2005
59. EpZCST144C8. Data Book. Altera Inc. http://www.altera.com.2006
60.王诚,吴继华,范丽珍,薛宁. Altera FPGA/CPLD设计.人民邮电出版社. 2005:124~226
61.赵健.导航接收机数字信号处理平台设计与实现.硕士论文. 2006:33~35
2.张更新,张杭.卫星移动通信系统.电子工业出版社. 2001,221~230
3.军事十一五预研项目半实物仿真器内部报告.2006,16~19
4. GARRY C. Hess. Land-Mobile Satellite Excess Path Loss Measurements. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY. 1980, 29(2):290~297
5. Csurgai-Horvath, L.Bito. Attenuation Time Series Synthesis for Land Mobile Satellite Links. Mobile and Wireless Communications Summit, 2007. 16th IST1-5 July:2~4
6.余运超,郝文辉,孙宏林,韩光伟. UHF、L频段陆地卫星移动通信业务遮蔽环境衰落研究.电波科学学报. 2000, 15(4):446~449
7.谭晖,张乃通,张中兆.低轨卫星移动通信系统传播特性的测试与分析.通信学报. 2003, 24(7):86~92
8.肖琨,吴诗其.一种适用于非城市区域的卫星移动信道统计模型.电子学报. 2002, 7:999~1002
9.李兴,吴诗其.卫星移动通信信道LR2模型及系统性能分析.电波科学学报. 2003, 18(3):305~310
10.胡刚,朱世华,谢波.多径衰落信道的分数布朗运动模型.电子学报. 2003, 31(1):8~12
11.黄和,王东进.刘发林. Ka波段移动卫星信道的综合模型及误码率分析.中国科学技术大学学报. 2005, 35(3):346~353
12.刘以嵩.卫星移动通信的信道模拟技术.通信学报. 1996, 17(6):7~16
13.胡剑浩,李涛,吴诗其.实时低轨卫星移动通信信道模拟器设计.电子科技大学学报. 1998, 8(27): 351~356
14. S.Ernst, H.Harles. Measurement and Modeling of the Land Mobile Satellite Channel at Ku-Band Scalise, Vehicular Technology, IEEE Transactions on VT, 2008, 57(7/10):693~701
15. G. E. Corazza, F. Vatalaro. A Statistical Model for Land Mobile Satellite Channels and Its Application to Nongeostationary Orbit Systems. IEEE Trans.on VT. 1994, 43(3/8):738~742
16.柳忠荣.无线移动信道模型的研究与实现.硕士论文. 2001:58~59
17. W. C. Jacke. Microwave Mobile Communications. New York:Johe Willey&Sons Inc. 1974: 65~68
18. Moraitis, N. Milas, V. Constantinou, P. On the Empirical Model Comparison for the Land Mobile Satellite Channel. Vehicular Technology Conference, 2007. VTC2007-Spring. IEEE 65th 22-25:1405~1407
19. Seidel, S. Y. Rappaport, T. S. Jain, S. Lord, M. Singh. Scatteringand Multipath Delay Statistics in Four European Cities For Digital Cellular and Microcellular Radiotelephone.IEEE Transations on Vehicular Technology. 1991,4(40):721~723
20. William H. Tranter, K. Sam Shanmugan, Theodore S.Rappaport.通信系统仿真及其无线应用.机械工业出版社. 2005:126~127
21. G. Prakios. Contemporary Communication Systems Using MATLAB. Thomson Press.46~48
22.邹鲲,袁俊泉,龚享一. Matlab 6.x信号处理.清华大学出版社. 2002:128~129
23. F. Hansen, F. Meno. Mobile fading–Rayleigh and lognormal superimposed. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology Vol.VT-26.Nov. 1977. 332~335
24. C. Loo. A Statistical Model for a Land Mobile Satellite Link. IEEE Trans on VT. 1985, 34(3/8):122~127
25.朱昀.无线移动信道仿真.电信工程技术与标准化. 2005, 12:40~43
26. Foschini, G. J. Layerd Space-Time Architecture for Wireless Communication in a Fading Environment When Using Multiple Antennas Bell Laboratories Technical Journal, Autumn 1996, 1(2):41~59
27. E. Lutz, D. Cygan, M. Dippold. The Land Mobile Satellite Communication Channel-Recording, Statistical, and Channel Model. IEEE Trans. on. VT. 1991, 40(2/5):375~380
28.柳忠荣.无线移动信道模型的研究与实现.硕士论文. 2001:58~59
29. W. C. Jacke. Microwave Mobile Communications. New York:Johe Willey&Sons Inc. 1974: 65~68
30. Shen Dongya, Rong Jian, Yang Yihuai, Quo Yong, Cao Hongliang, Fu Shigang. The six-state Markov model for land mobile satellite channels.Microwave, Antenna, Propagation and EMC Technologies for Wireless Communications, 2005. MAPE 2005. Aug. 2005, 2(8/12):1619-1620
31. E. Lutz, M. Werner, A. Jahn. Satellite Systems for Personal and Broadband Communications. Springer-Verlag. Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. 61~68
32.黄楚鹏.酆广增.移动卫星通信信道研究.南京邮电学院学报. 1998, 12(18): 64~65
33.郑林华,韩方景,聂皞.卫星通信原理与应用.国防工业出版社. 2000: 10~14
34.曹志刚,钱亚生.现代通信原理.清华大学出版社.2000:146~150
35. Theodore S. Rappaport. Wireless Communications Principles & Practice prentice-Hall, NJ. 1996:112~114
36.赵冬梅,贺丰,陈振国.移动卫星通信信道模型研究.卫星通信, 2004:3~5
37. W. C. Jacke. Microwave Mobile Communications.New York: Johe Willey&Sons Inc. 2002:65~68
38. D. Cygan, M.Dipolold, J. Finkenzeller. Models for the land mobile satellite channel.Archiv Elecübertr. 1998. Vol.42, 329~339
39. Bullington, K.Radio. Propagation at Frequencies above 30 megacycles. Proceedings of the IEEE. 1947, 1(41):1122~1136
40. Alexander Steingass, Andreas Lehner. A High Resolution Model for the Aeronautical Multipath Navigation Channel Position Location and Navigation Symposium. 2004. 26(29):357~365
41. Alan V. Openheim, Alan S. Willsky and S.Hamid Nawab.Signal and System. New York: Johe Willey&Sons Inc. 1996:62~68
42.刘利华,赵宗印.软件无线电中的带通采样分析.无线电工程. 2007, 37 (1): 26~28
43.张乐,张新军,施聪.中频采样的原理及其应用.通信技术. 2001, 120(9): 8~12
44. TC1_1T. Data Book. Mini Circuits Inc. http://www.minicircuits.com.2006
45. C. S. Hartmann, B. P. Abbott. Overview of Design Challengers for Single Phase Unidirectional SAW Filters. Proc.IEEE Ultrasonic Symp, 1989:79~89
46. LB07DS12. Data Book. China Electronics Technology Group Corporation. www.sipatsaw.com.2005
47. C. S. Hartmann, B. P. Abbott. A generalized impulse response model for SAW transducers including effects of electrode reflections. 1998, IEEE Ultrasonic Symposium, 1998:29~34
48.宋正勋,谭宝华.低压差分信号技术.长春光学机械学院学报. 2000, 23(2):33~36
49. AD98330. Data Book. Analog Devices Inc. http://www.analog.com.2003
50.陈绍山.软件无线电接收机中的模数转换技术.电信快报. 2004.6:32~34
51. D. Terlp.可满足高性能数字接收机动态性能要求的ADC和射频器件.国外电子元器件: 2004, 8(8).69~71
52.王辉,辛建国.激光器用高频调制射频激励源的实时监测系统.光学技术. 2006, 32(1):85~86
53. AD9226. Data Book. Analog Devices Inc. http://www.analog.com.2003
54.王剑.低轨卫星移动通信的信道模型研究及硬件实现.硕士论文. 2001: 40~45
55. AD9772A. Data Book. Analog Devices Inc. http://www.analog.com.2003
56.何正淼,安琪,陈曦,阮福明,张艳丽.多数据通道高速互连背板平台的设计和实现.中国科学技术大学学报. 2006, 36(9):986~989
57.徐晓建,陈亮辉,郭建新,王大鸣.数模转换芯片AD9772A的特点及其应用.电子工程师. 2003,29(4):6~7
58. MAX 399. Data Book. Maxim Inc. http://www.maxim.com.2005
59. EpZCST144C8. Data Book. Altera Inc. http://www.altera.com.2006
60.王诚,吴继华,范丽珍,薛宁. Altera FPGA/CPLD设计.人民邮电出版社. 2005:124~226
61.赵健.导航接收机数字信号处理平台设计与实现.硕士论文. 2006:33~35